TRV
- English
- King James KJV
- Complete Jewish CJB
- World English WEBM
- Berean Standard BSB
- American Standard ASV
- Geneva GNV
- Young's Literal YLT
- Douay-Rheims DRC
- International
- Shqip ALB
- العربية SVD
- বাংলা BN-IRV
- မြန်မာ Judson
- 简体文 CUV-S
- 繁體中文 CUV-T
- Čeština BKR
- Nederlands STVE
- Français LSG
- Deutsch SCH
- Ελληνικά Vamvas
- ગુજરાતી GU-IRV
- Hausa HCB
- עברית Hebrew
- हिन्दी HCV
- Magyar KAROLI
- Bahasa Indonesia INDO-TB
- Italiano Diodati
- 日本語 Kougo
- 한국어 Korean
- മലയാളം MAL
- मराठी MRCV
- Norsk DNB
- فارسی OPV
- Polski BG
- Português Almeida
- Română Cornilescu
- Русский Synodal
- Español RVG
- Kiswahili Neno
- Svenska SV1917
- Tagalog TAG-ADB
- தமிழ் TCV
- తెలుగు TSA
- ภาษาไทย THAI-KJV
- Українська Ohienko
- Tiếng Việt CADMAN
- Yorùbá YCB
Study this verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Proverbs 27:23–27. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
Here is, I. A command given us to be diligent in our callings. It is directed to husbandmen and shepherds, and those that deal in cattle, but it is to be extended to all other lawful callings; whatever our business is, within doors or without, we must apply our minds to it. This command intimates, 1. That we ought to have some business to do in this world and not to live in idleness. 2. We ought rightly and fully to understand our business, and know what we have to do, and not meddle with that which we do not understand. 3. We ought to have an eye to it ourselves, and not turn over all the care of it to others. We should, with our own eyes, inspect the state of our flocks, it is the master's eye that makes them fat. 4. We must be discreet and considerate in the management of our business, know the state of things, and look well to them, that nothing may be lost, no opportunity let slip, but every thing done in proper time and order, and so as to turn to the best advantage. 5. We must be diligent and take pains; not only sit down and contrive, but be up and doing: "Set thy heart to thy herds, as one in care; lay thy hands, lay thy bones, to thy business."
II.The reasons to enforce this command. Consider,
1.The uncertainty of worldly wealth (Pro 27:24): Riches are not for ever. (1.) Other riches are not so durable as these are: "Look well to thy flocks and herds, thy estate in the country and the stock upon that, for these are staple commodities, which, in a succession, will be for ever, whereas riches in trade and merchandise will not be so; the crown itself may perhaps not be so sure to thy family as thy flocks and herds." (2.) Even these riches will go to decay if they be not well looked after. If a man had an abbey (as we say), and were slothful and wasteful, he might make an end of it. Even the crown and the revenues of it, if care be not taken, will suffer damage, nor will it continue to every generation without very good management. Though David had the crown entailed on his family, yet he looked well to his flocks, Ch1 27:29, Ch1 27:31.
2.The bounty and liberality of nature, or rather of the God of nature, and his providence (Pro 27:25): The hay appears. In taking care of the flocks and herds, (1.) "There needs no great labour, no ploughing or sowing; the food for them is the spontaneous product of the ground; thou hast nothing to do but to turn them into it in the summer, when the grass shows itself, and to gather the herbs of the mountains for them against winter. God has done his part; thou art ungrateful to him, and unjustly refusest to serve his providence, if thou dost not do thine." (2.) "There is an opportunity to be observed and improved, a time when the hay appears; but, if thou let slip that time, thy flocks and herds will fare the worse for it. As for ourselves, so for our cattle, we ought, with the ant, to provide meat in summer."
3.The profit of good husbandry in a family: "Keep thy sheep, and thy sheep will help to keep thee; thou shalt have food for thy children and servants, goats' milk enough (Pro 27:27); and enough is as good as a feast. Thou shalt have raiment likewise: the lambs' wool shall be for thy clothing. Thou shalt have money to pay thy rent; the goats thou shalt have to sell shall be the price of thy field;" nay, as some understand it, "Thou shalt become a purchaser, and buy land to leave to thy children," (Pro 27:26). Note,
(1.)If we have food and raiment, and wherewithal to give every body his own, we have enough, and ought to be not only content, but thankful.
(2.)Masters of families must provide not only for themselves, but for their families, and see that their servants have a fitting maintenance.
(3.)Plain food and plain clothing, if they be but competent, are all we should aim at. "Reckon thyself well done to if thou be clothed with home-spun cloth with the fleece of thy own lambs, and fed with goats' milk; let that serve for thy food which serves for the food of thy household and the maintenance of thy maidens. Be not desirous of dainties, far-fetched and dear-bought." (4.) This should encourage us to be careful and industrious about our business, that that will bring in a sufficient maintenance for our families; we shall eat the labour of our hands.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
One surviving comment on this verse from the historical church.
Let the milk of the goats suffice you for your food, etc. Feed the flock entrusted to you with such diligence, that neither new milk in summer nor in cold will be lacking to you, but always it will suffice for you and yours; that is, insist so diligently on doctrine, that you also promote former penitents to the office of teaching; so that through them, who formerly seemed to be placed on the left side of the judge due to the foulness of vices, reasonable and sincere milk of the word may now be ministered to those with little understanding. The milk of the goats becomes food for the handmaidens, when those who serve the Lord not yet with perfect love, but still with servile fear, are refreshed with the example or words of those who have been saved through repentance, and are united to advance to the greater growths of virtues. Some have placed what is said: The meadows are open, and the green herbs have appeared, and the hay is gathered from the mountains: lambs for your clothing, and kids for the price of the field; thus, "The monuments are open, the revived bodies have appeared, the sinners are separated from the saints, hay to be burned from the high places. The lambs are separated to the right, the kids to the left: lambs for the king's clothing, because he said, I will inhabit in them; the kids are sold for the price of the saints whom they harmed (or killed?) by fire."
Continue studying Proverbs 27:27 across the web’s major study libraries — every link below opens this exact verse, chapter, or book on the destination site.
Read & Compare
BibleGatewayThis verse in more than 200 translations and 70 languages.
Bible.comThe YouVersion reader — hundreds of translations, reading plans, and highlights.
ESV.orgCrossway's official English Standard Version reader.
NET BibleThe NET translation with 60,000+ translators' notes on every rendering decision.
STEP BibleTyndale House's free study tool — original text, vocabulary, and scholarly resources.
BibliaLogos Bible Software's free web reader.
USCCBThe New American Bible (Revised Edition) with the U.S. bishops' study notes.
Commentaries
BibleHub CommentariesDozens of classic commentaries on this verse, gathered on one page.
StudyLightMore than 100 commentary sets — the largest collection on the web.
BibleRefPlain-English commentary on what this verse means, verse by verse.
Enduring WordDavid Guzik's free commentary on this chapter, widely used by Bible teachers.
Bible Study ToolsVerse commentary alongside Greek and Hebrew study aids.
Original Language & Research
- BibleHub InterlinearThe verse word by word — original language, transliteration, and English.
- BibleHub LexiconEvery word's original-language definition and Strong's entry.
Blue Letter BibleDeep-study tools — Strong's numbers, concordance, and word studies.
SefariaThe Hebrew text with Rashi and centuries of Jewish commentary.
Sermons, Hymns & Audio
TrulyRandomVerse is not affiliated with these sites and doesn’t control their content. They’re linked because they’re genuinely useful.
Summary
Proverbs 27:27 encapsulates the tangible blessings that flow from diligent and wise stewardship of agricultural resources, specifically livestock. It illustrates how careful attention to one's flocks ensures abundant and sustained provision of essential nourishment, not only for the individual but for the entire household and its dependents, underscoring the comprehensive nature of wisdom's reward in an agrarian society and the far-reaching impact of prudent management.
Context
Literary Context
Proverbs 27:27 concludes a concise, practical instruction on diligent agricultural management that begins in Proverbs 27:23. The preceding verses, Proverbs 27:23-26, emphasize the critical importance of knowing the condition of one's flocks and herds, for "riches are not forever" and "the hay appeareth, and the tender grass showeth itself, and herbs of the mountains are gathered." This entire section serves as a practical exposition of the general wisdom principles found throughout the book of Proverbs, linking diligent labor directly to sustainable provision. Verse 27, therefore, functions as the beneficial outcome or consequence of the wise practices advocated immediately prior, portraying a picture of security and abundance resulting from foresight and hard work.
Historical & Cultural Context
In ancient Israel, an agrarian society, livestock was not merely an asset but the very foundation of economic stability and daily sustenance. Goats, in particular, were highly valued for their resilience in arid climates and their multi-faceted utility. They provided milk for immediate consumption and cheese production, meat for protein, hair for weaving into textiles (e.g., tent coverings, clothing), and skins for various uses. The "household" (bayith) in this context refers to the extended family unit, including immediate relatives, servants, and other dependents, all of whom relied on the patriarch's ability to provide. The mention of "maidens" (naʻărâh) highlights the comprehensive nature of this provision, extending even to those who were part of the domestic labor force, underscoring the responsibility of the household head to ensure the well-being of all under their care. This verse reflects a society where self-sufficiency, achieved through diligent labor and prudent management, was paramount for survival and prosperity.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully illustrates several overarching themes central to the book of Proverbs. Foremost is the theme of Diligence and Stewardship, where consistent, attentive labor directly yields tangible rewards. It reinforces the idea that wisdom is not merely theoretical but profoundly practical, leading to material well-being, as seen in the call to "know the state of your flocks" in Proverbs 27:23. Another prominent theme is Sustained Provision, emphasized by the word "enough" (day), signifying not a temporary supply but a continuous, sufficient stream of resources. This points to the blessing of consistent sustenance that flows from prudent living and hard work, echoing God's faithfulness to provide for His people, often through their diligent efforts, as promised in passages like Philippians 4:19. Finally, the verse highlights Household Economy and Responsibility, underscoring the duty of the household head to ensure the welfare of everyone under their charge, from family members to servants, demonstrating that wise management benefits the entire community dependent on them.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This word (H1767) signifies sufficiency, adequacy, and abundance. It implies that the provision is not merely minimal but ample to meet all needs. In the context of Proverbs 27:27, it assures that the diligent steward will have a continuous and plentiful supply of goats' milk, extending beyond mere survival to a state of comfort and security for the entire household.
Derived from a root meaning "to build," this term (H1004) encompasses more than just a physical dwelling. It refers to the entire family unit, including immediate relatives, extended kin, and all dependents, such as servants and laborers, who live under the same roof and authority. Its inclusion here emphasizes that the benefits of diligent stewardship extend broadly to everyone within the family structure, not just the individual.
This word (H2416) literally means "life" or "living thing," and by extension, "livelihood" or "sustenance." It denotes not just food for immediate consumption but the very means of sustaining life and well-being. For the "maidens," the goats' milk provides not just a meal but the fundamental support necessary for their existence and continued service, underscoring the comprehensive and vital nature of the provision.
Verse Breakdown
"And [thou shalt have] goats' milk enough for thy food,"
This opening clause establishes the direct, tangible benefit of diligent care for one's livestock. "Goats' milk" (ʻêz, H5795; châlâb, H2461) is specified as a primary, accessible, and nutritious staple in an agrarian society. The phrase "enough" (day, H1767) is crucial, indicating a plentiful and sustained supply, not a meager or temporary one. This milk is designated first for the individual's "food" (lechem, H3899), implying personal sustenance and well-being as a direct reward for effort.
"for the food of thy household,"
The provision extends beyond the individual to the collective. The "household" (bayith, H1004) signifies the extended family unit, including all members and dependents living under the same roof. The repetition of "food" (lechem, H3899) emphasizes that the same abundant source of nourishment that sustains the individual is also sufficient to feed the entire family, highlighting the communal benefit of wise management and the steward's responsibility to his immediate kin.
"and [for] the maintenance for thy maidens."
This final clause further broadens the scope of provision to include the "maidens" (naʻărâh, H5291), referring to female servants or young women within the household. The term "maintenance" (chay, H2416) carries the deeper meaning of "livelihood" or "life itself," indicating that the goats' milk provides not just a meal but the very means of sustaining their lives and well-being. This demonstrates the comprehensive responsibility of the household head to provide for all under their care, and how diligent stewardship enables this broad provision, extending care to those who are often most vulnerable.
Literary Devices
Proverbs 27:27 employs several literary devices to convey its timeless wisdom. Metonymy is evident, where "goats' milk" stands as a concrete symbol for the broader concept of diligent agricultural stewardship and its resultant abundant provision. It represents the tangible blessings that flow from careful management of resources, extending beyond the literal product to the general principle of provision. The verse also functions as a prime example of Proverbial Wisdom, presenting a practical, observable truth from daily life—that tending to one's animals yields sustenance—to illustrate a deeper spiritual and ethical principle: diligence leads to security and provision. Although not strict poetic parallelism, there is an implicit Progression of Recipients, moving from the individual ("thy food") to the immediate family ("thy household") and then to the broader dependents ("thy maidens"). This progression emphasizes the comprehensive and far-reaching benefits of wise stewardship, demonstrating how personal discipline can secure the well-being of an entire community.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Proverbs 27:27 beautifully articulates a fundamental principle of divine economy: God often works through human diligence to bring about provision. It teaches that responsible stewardship of the resources entrusted to us, whether agricultural, financial, or relational, is not only a wise practice but also a pathway to sustained blessing. The "enough" implies God's desire for sufficiency and peace, not just bare survival, for His people. This verse connects the practical wisdom of daily life to a broader theological understanding of God's providential care, reminding us that while ultimate provision comes from Him, our active participation through hard work and foresight is often the means by which that provision is realized. It underscores the dignity of labor and the interconnectedness of individual effort with communal well-being, reflecting a biblical worldview where human responsibility and divine sovereignty coalesce in the provision of life's necessities.
Reflection and Application
While the specific context of goats' milk may seem distant to many modern readers, the timeless principles embedded in Proverbs 27:27 remain profoundly relevant for contemporary life. This verse calls us to a posture of active, responsible stewardship over every aspect of our lives—our finances, time, talents, health, and relationships. It challenges us to move beyond passive hope for provision to diligent engagement with the resources God has given us. Just as the ancient farmer meticulously cared for his flock to ensure a steady supply, we are encouraged to cultivate habits of foresight, planning, and consistent effort in our own spheres. This involves managing our finances wisely, investing in our skills, nurturing our relationships, and caring for our physical and spiritual well-being. The verse also broadens our perspective on responsibility, reminding us that our diligence often extends beyond ourselves to provide for our families, communities, and those dependent on us. It is a call to live with intentionality, recognizing that our daily disciplines contribute to a secure and flourishing life, not just for ourselves but for all those within our sphere of influence, reflecting God's order and generosity.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Does this verse mean that material wealth is a guarantee for all who are diligent?
While Proverbs 27:27, like many proverbs, highlights the general correlation between diligence and provision, it does not offer an absolute guarantee of material wealth for every diligent person in all circumstances. Proverbs often express general truths and observable patterns rather than unconditional promises. In an agrarian society, diligent care of livestock almost invariably led to sustenance. However, external factors like famine, disease, or socio-political instability could still impact provision. The deeper theological truth is that diligence is a wise and God-honoring practice that typically leads to stability and sufficiency, as God often works through human effort to provide. It encourages responsible living and trust in God's providence, even as we acknowledge that our ultimate security is found in Christ, not in our possessions or efforts alone (see Matthew 6:25-34).
How does "goats' milk" relate to modern living?
In modern living, "goats' milk" serves as a powerful metaphor for the foundational resources and provisions that sustain our lives and households. While few today rely directly on livestock for daily sustenance, the principle remains: diligent stewardship of our contemporary resources leads to stability and sufficiency. This can include managing our finances wisely, cultivating our skills and careers, maintaining our health, and nurturing strong family and community relationships. Just as goats' milk was a reliable staple for ancient households, we are called to identify and diligently manage the "staples" of our modern lives to ensure sustained provision for ourselves and those dependent on us. The verse's wisdom transcends its specific agrarian context to speak to universal principles of responsible living and the interconnectedness of effort and outcome.
What is the significance of providing for "maidens" in this verse?
The inclusion of "maidens" (naʻărâh, H5291) is significant because it broadens the scope of the household's provision beyond immediate family members to include servants or other dependents. In ancient Near Eastern households, maidens or female servants were an integral part of the domestic structure, contributing to the household's labor and economy. By explicitly mentioning their "maintenance" (chay, H2416, meaning "livelihood" or "life"), the verse underscores the comprehensive responsibility of the household head to ensure the well-being and sustenance of all individuals under their care. It highlights a holistic view of provision that extends to the entire community within the home, demonstrating that the blessings of diligent stewardship are meant to flow outwards, benefiting everyone connected to the wise steward. This aligns with broader biblical principles of caring for the vulnerable and those dependent upon us, as seen in passages like Deuteronomy 15:7-11 and the broader call to justice and compassion throughout Scripture.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Proverbs 27:27, with its emphasis on diligent provision and comprehensive care, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While the verse speaks of the earthly provision of goats' milk, Christ is the true and ultimate sustenance for His people. He is the Good Shepherd who not only knows His sheep but also lays down His life for them, ensuring their eternal "maintenance" and abundant "life" (John 10:10). Just as the wise steward provides "enough" for his household, Jesus, through His miraculous feedings (e.g., Matthew 14:13-21), demonstrated His power and willingness to provide for the physical needs of the multitudes. More significantly, He offers Himself as the Bread of Life, the spiritual food that satisfies the deepest hunger and thirst of the soul, providing eternal "maintenance" for all who believe. Through His perfect sacrifice, He has secured not just temporary provision but eternal life for His "household," the Church (Ephesians 2:19), ensuring that all who are His will never lack what is truly necessary for life and godliness. Thus, the diligent provision of the proverb points forward to the infinitely greater, all-encompassing provision found in Christ, who is our ultimate source of life, sustenance, and security for all eternity.