Esther 9:4

KJV

For Mordecai [was] great in the king's house, and his fame went out throughout all the provinces: for this man Mordecai waxed greater and greater.

KJV (with Strong's)

For Mordecai {H4782} was great {H1419} in the king's {H4428} house {H1004}, and his fame {H8089} went out {H1980} throughout all the provinces {H4082}: for this man {H376} Mordecai {H4782} waxed {H1980} greater and greater {H1419}.

Complete Jewish Bible

For Mordekhai had become a powerful person in the king's palace, and his fame had spread through all the provinces; Mordekhai continued to grow increasingly powerful.

Berean Standard Bible

For Mordecai exercised great power in the palace, and his fame spread throughout the provinces as he became more and more powerful.

American Standard Version

For Mordecai was great in the king’s house, and his fame went forth throughout all the provinces; for the man Mordecai waxed greater and greater.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Esther 9:4 serves as a powerful capstone to the dramatic narrative of the book of Esther, succinctly capturing the unparalleled elevation and widespread recognition of Mordecai within the vast Persian Empire. This verse highlights the complete and irreversible reversal of fortune for Mordecai and, by extension, the entire Jewish people, showcasing his transformation from a humble gatekeeper to a figure of immense authority and enduring influence, whose fame and power continuously increased throughout all the provinces.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Esther 9:4 immediately follows the climactic events of the Jewish people's self-defense against their enemies across the 127 provinces of King Ahasuerus's empire, as detailed in [Esther 9:1-3](/esther/9-1 "Esther 9:1-3 - The Jews' Victory"). The preceding chapters meticulously chronicle Haman's genocidal plot, Queen Esther's courageous intercession, Haman's subsequent execution ([Esther 7:10](/esther/7-10 "Esther 7:10 - Haman's Execution")), and Mordecai's elevation to the position of prime minister, second only to the king himself ([Esther 8:1-2](/esther/8-1 "Esther 8:1-2 - Mordecai's Elevation")). This verse solidifies Mordecai's new status and sets the stage for the establishment and promulgation of the Festival of Purim, which he and Esther institute as a lasting memorial to their deliverance ([Esther 9:20-22](/esther/9-20 "Esther 9:20-22 - Institution of Purim")). It functions as a final, emphatic statement on Mordecai's personal triumph and the secure standing of the Jewish community within the empire.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The events of Esther unfold within the vast Achaemenid Persian Empire, which, at its peak, stretched from India to Ethiopia ([Esther 1:1](/esther/1-1 "Esther 1:1 - Extent of the Persian Empire")). In such an expansive empire, a position "in the king's house" (i.e., the royal court, often Susa, the capital) signified immense power, direct access to the monarch, and influence over imperial policy. "Fame" in this context was not merely personal reputation but an official recognition of authority, often disseminated through royal decrees and messengers across the provinces. The cultural significance of a vizier or prime minister was profound, as they often wielded executive power on behalf of the king. Mordecai's ascent from a marginalized Jew to this pinnacle of power was an extraordinary and highly visible event, defying the social and political norms that typically excluded foreigners from such high office, underscoring the remarkable divine intervention at play.
* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully encapsulates several overarching themes of the book of Esther. Firstly, it highlights **Divine Reversal and Vindication**, demonstrating God's sovereign ability to turn a situation of imminent destruction for His people into one of triumph and exaltation. What began with a decree for annihilation ([Esther 3:13](/esther/3-13 "Esther 3:13 - Haman's Decree")) culminates in the vindication and flourishing of the very people targeted. Secondly, it underscores the theme of **Authority and Influence**. Mordecai's "greatness" and "fame" are not passive titles but active expressions of his new administrative power and moral authority, which he uses to secure the well-being of his people ([Esther 10:3](/esther/10-3 "Esther 10:3 - Mordecai's Service to His People")). Finally, the phrase "waxed greater and greater" emphasizes **Progressive Elevation and God's Sustained Favor**. Mordecai's rise was not a one-time event but an ongoing, dynamic process of increasing esteem, respect, and authority, reflecting both his effective leadership and the enduring favor of the king, orchestrated by divine providence. This continuous growth signifies the lasting security and prosperity granted to the Jewish community under his leadership.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Great (Hebrew, _gadol_):** The Hebrew adjective גָּדוֹל (_gadol_) denotes something or someone of significant size, importance, or influence. When applied to a person, especially in a political context, it signifies high rank, power, and prestige. Here, it describes Mordecai's elevated status within the royal court, indicating that he was a person of substantial authority and consequence, not merely a figurehead.
* **Fame (Hebrew, _shem_):** The Hebrew word שֵׁם (_shem_), while literally meaning "name," often extends in biblical usage to encompass reputation, renown, character, and authority. When it is said that Mordecai's "fame went out," it implies that his reputation as a powerful, respected, and influential figure was widely known and acknowledged across the vast expanse of the Persian Empire, solidifying his position and the security of the Jewish people.
* **Waxed greater and greater (Hebrew, _gadal v'holekh v'gadel_):** This powerful Hebrew construction, גָּדַל וְהוֹלֵךְ וְגָדֵל (_gadal v'holekh v'gadel_), uses the verb "to be great" (גָּדַל) in a progressive and intensifying manner. The phrase literally means "he became great and was going and becoming great," emphasizing a continuous, dynamic, and ever-increasing trajectory of influence, power, and esteem. It highlights that Mordecai's ascendancy was not static but an ongoing process of gaining more authority and recognition.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"For Mordecai [was] great in the king's house":** This clause establishes Mordecai's supreme position and influence within the very center of imperial power. He was not merely a distant advisor but a prominent figure directly involved in the daily affairs and decisions of the Persian court. This signifies his administrative authority and his close proximity to King Ahasuerus, making him a key player in the empire's governance.
* **"and his fame went out throughout all the provinces":** This part emphasizes the widespread recognition and impact of Mordecai's elevated status. His renown was not confined to Susa but extended across the entire 127 provinces of the vast empire. This universal acknowledgment of his authority and reputation was crucial for the security and well-being of the Jewish people scattered throughout these regions, as it ensured that the reversal of Haman's decree would be respected and enforced.
* **"for this man Mordecai waxed greater and greater":** This final clause underscores the dynamic and continuous nature of Mordecai's ascendancy. His influence was not static but progressively increasing, indicating an ongoing process of gaining more power, respect, and authority. This continuous growth implies sustained favor from the king and effective leadership from Mordecai, ensuring the long-term stability and flourishing of the Jewish community under his protection.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several impactful literary devices. **Repetition** is evident in the recurrence of the concept of "greatness" ("great" and "greater and greater"), which serves to underscore and amplify Mordecai's extraordinary rise and continuously expanding influence. This repetition creates a sense of emphatic finality regarding his established power. The phrase "throughout all the provinces" functions as **Hyperbole**, effectively conveying the vastness of Mordecai's reach and the universal acknowledgment of his authority, even if not every single person in every province knew him personally. Furthermore, the verse acts as a **Climax** to Mordecai's personal narrative arc, providing a definitive statement of his ultimate vindication and triumph after enduring humiliation and threats. Implicitly, there is a powerful **Contrast** with his former humble status as a gatekeeper and the desperate vulnerability of the Jewish people under Haman's plot, highlighting the dramatic **Reversal of Fortune** that defines the entire book.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Esther 9:4 powerfully illustrates the biblical principle of divine sovereignty and the vindication of the righteous. Even though God's name is conspicuously absent from the book of Esther, His providential hand is undeniably at work, orchestrating events behind the scenes to protect His covenant people and elevate those who remain faithful. Mordecai's rise from obscurity and peril to unprecedented power and fame is a testament to God's ability to turn human schemes on their head, using even the most unlikely individuals and circumstances to achieve His purposes. This verse speaks to the truth that God often exalts the humble and brings down the proud, demonstrating His justice and faithfulness to those who trust in Him, even when the path is fraught with danger. It reassures believers that God is actively involved in the affairs of nations and individuals, working all things for the good of those who love Him and are called according to His purpose.

* [Genesis 41:40](/genesis/41-40 "Genesis 41:40 - Joseph's Elevation to Second in Command")
* [Psalm 75:6-7](/psalm/75-6 "Psalm 75:6-7 - God Exalts and Brings Low")
* [Daniel 6:28](/daniel/6-28 "Daniel 6:28 - Daniel's Prosperity Under Multiple Kings")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Mordecai's dramatic elevation in Esther 9:4 offers profound lessons for contemporary believers. His story reminds us that God's providence is often at work in unseen ways, orchestrating events and positioning individuals even when His direct intervention is not explicitly perceived. Mordecai's faithfulness, integrity, and unwavering commitment to his people, even in the face of death, ultimately paved the way for his exaltation. This encourages us to remain steadfast in our convictions and diligent in our responsibilities, trusting that God sees our faithfulness and will, in His perfect timing, bring about His purposes. Furthermore, Mordecai's example challenges us to consider how we use any influence or position God grants us. He leveraged his power not for personal gain but for the welfare and security of his community, establishing a lasting legacy of deliverance. We are called to use our spheres of influence, no matter how great or small, to serve others, promote justice, and advance God's kingdom, recognizing that true greatness lies in humble service and righteous impact.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Mordecai's journey encourage us to trust in God's unseen hand, even when circumstances seem dire or His presence feels distant?**
* **In what ways can we, like Mordecai, use any influence or position God grants us for the good of others and the advancement of His purposes?**
* **What does Mordecai's "waxing greater and greater" teach us about perseverance, the progressive nature of God's work in our lives, and the ultimate triumph of righteousness?**

### FAQ
**Why is Mordecai's "greatness" so emphasized in this verse?**

Answer: Mordecai's greatness is emphasized in Esther 9:4 to highlight the complete and dramatic reversal of fortune for him and the Jewish people. Previously, he was a humble gatekeeper, then marked for death by Haman, who sought to annihilate all Jews ([Esther 3:6](/esther/3-6 "Esther 3:6 - Haman's Rage Against Mordecai")). This verse showcases his transformation into the most powerful man in the empire, second only to King Ahasuerus ([Esther 10:3](/esther/10-3 "Esther 10:3 - Mordecai's Authority")). The emphasis on his "greatness" and ever-increasing "fame" serves multiple purposes: it underscores the divine vindication of the righteous, demonstrates God's sovereign control over human affairs, secures the safety and prosperity of the Jewish community, and provides a fitting climax to Mordecai's personal narrative within the book. It's a powerful statement of triumph over adversity.

**How does Mordecai's rise relate to the theme of God's providence in Esther, given that God's name isn't mentioned?**

Answer: Mordecai's rise is a quintessential example of God's hidden providence at work throughout the book of Esther. While God's name is never explicitly mentioned, His hand is undeniably evident in the meticulous orchestration of events that lead to Mordecai's exaltation and the deliverance of the Jews. From Esther's selection as queen ([Esther 2:17](/esther/2-17 "Esther 2:17 - Esther Becomes Queen")), to Mordecai uncovering the plot against the king ([Esther 2:21-23](/esther/2-21 "Esther 2:21-23 - Mordecai Uncovers the Plot")), to the king's sleepless night and the reading of the chronicles ([Esther 6:1-3](/esther/6-1 "Esther 6:1-3 - The King's Sleepless Night")), every seemingly coincidental event contributes to the ultimate triumph. Mordecai's "waxing greater and greater" is the visible outcome of God's invisible, yet active, working behind the scenes. It teaches us that God is sovereign and faithful to His people, even when He operates through natural means and human agents, fulfilling His purposes without direct miraculous intervention or explicit revelation of His name.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Mordecai's dramatic ascent from a humble gatekeeper, targeted for death, to a position of unparalleled authority and widespread fame within the Persian Empire, serves as a compelling type of Christ's ultimate exaltation. Just as Mordecai interceded for his people, risking his life to deliver them from certain destruction, so too Christ, the ultimate deliverer, laid down His life to rescue humanity from the dominion of sin and death. Mordecai's suffering and humiliation preceded his glory, mirroring the path of Jesus, who "humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross" ([Philippians 2:8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Christ's Humiliation")). Yet, because of this obedience, God "highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth" ([Philippians 2:9-10](/philippians/2-9 "Philippians 2:9-10 - Christ's Exaltation")). Mordecai's fame going out "throughout all the provinces" foreshadows Christ's universal dominion and the proclamation of His gospel to "all nations" ([Matthew 28:19](/matthew/28-19 "Matthew 28:19 - The Great Commission")). His "waxing greater and greater" points to the ever-expanding and eternal nature of Christ's kingdom, which has no end ([Luke 1:33](/luke/1-33 "Luke 1:33 - Christ's Eternal Kingdom")). Ultimately, Mordecai's story assures us that the one who delivers His people will indeed be exalted, and that in Christ, believers share in His glorious triumph and eternal reign, seated with Him in the heavenly places ([Ephesians 2:6](/ephesians/2-6 "Ephesians 2:6 - Seated with Christ in Heavenly Places")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Chronicles 11:9

So David waxed greater and greater: for the LORD of hosts [was] with him.

2 Samuel 3:1

¶ Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: but David waxed stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker.

1 Samuel 2:30

Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed [that] thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.

Psalms 18:43

Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people; [and] thou hast made me the head of the heathen: a people [whom] I have not known shall serve me.

Proverbs 4:18

But the path of the just [is] as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day.

Joshua 6:27

So the LORD was with Joshua; and his fame was [noised] throughout all the country.

Zephaniah 3:19

Behold, at that time I will undo all that afflict thee: and I will save her that halteth, and gather her that was driven out; and I will get them praise and fame in every land where they have been put to shame.