2 Kings 11:12

KJV

And he brought forth the king's son, and put the crown upon him, and [gave him] the testimony; and they made him king, and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, God save the king.

KJV (with Strong's)

And he brought forth {H3318} the king's {H4428} son {H1121}, and put {H5414} the crown {H5145} upon him, and gave him the testimony {H5715}; and they made him king {H4427}, and anointed {H4886} him; and they clapped {H5221} their hands {H3709}, and said {H559}, God save {H2421} the king {H4428}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Then he brought out the king's son, crowned him, gave him [a copy of] the testimony and thus made him king; they anointed him, clapped their hands and shouted, "Long live the king!"

Berean Standard Bible

Then Jehoiada brought out the king’s son, put the crown on him, presented him with the Testimony, and proclaimed him king. They anointed him, and the people clapped their hands and declared, “Long live the king!”

American Standard Version

Then he brought out the king’s son, and put the crown upon him, andgave himthe testimony; and they made him king, and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, Longlive the king.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Second Kings 11:12 captures the momentous coronation of Joash, a meticulously orchestrated event within the sacred confines of the temple that saw the rightful heir to the Davidic throne publicly installed. This pivotal act not only restored legitimate kingship to Judah after the tyrannical usurpation by Queen Athaliah but also powerfully affirmed God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant promises concerning the Davidic dynasty, ensuring the continuation of the royal line from which the Messiah would ultimately descend. The anointing, the presentation of the crown and "testimony," and the people's joyous acclamation collectively underscored the divine sanction and popular affirmation of Joash's reign, marking a new era of hope and righteous governance.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse serves as the triumphant culmination of a dramatic seven-year narrative arc within [2 Kings 11](/2-kings/11 "Athaliah's Usurpation and Joash's Coronation"). The chapter opens with the horrific account of Athaliah, the queen mother, seizing power by attempting to exterminate all royal heirs after her son King Ahaziah's death in [2 Kings 9:27](/2-kings/9-27 "Ahaziah's Death and Athaliah's Usurpation"). Unbeknownst to her, Ahaziah's infant son, Joash, was miraculously rescued by his aunt Jehosheba and her husband, Jehoiada the priest, and hidden within the temple for six years ([2 Kings 11:1-3](/2-kings/11-1 "Joash Rescued and Hidden in the Temple")). Verse 12 describes the public unveiling and coronation, which follows Jehoiada's meticulous planning and strategic deployment of loyal Levites and guards within the temple precincts, ensuring the security and legitimacy of the coup ([2 Kings 11:4-11](/2-kings/11-4 "Jehoiada's Strategic Plan for Joash's Coronation")). Immediately after this verse, the narrative details Athaliah's swift and violent overthrow and execution ([2 Kings 11:13-16](/2-kings/11-13 "Athaliah's Demise")), followed by Jehoiada's comprehensive reforms to restore proper worship and covenant fidelity in Judah ([2 Kings 11:17-20](/2-kings/11-17 "Jehoiada's Reforms and Covenant Renewal")).
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The events of [2 Kings 11](/2-kings/11 "The Reign of Athaliah and Joash") unfold during a turbulent period in Judah's history, marked by profound political instability and the corrupting influence of Baal worship. This idolatry was largely introduced by Athaliah, who was the daughter of the notorious King Ahab and Queen Jezebel of Israel, known for their fervent promotion of Baalism. The temple in Jerusalem was not merely a place of worship but also a secure fortress, making it an ideal hiding place for Joash and the strategic location for the coup. The act of "anointing" was a crucial ritual in ancient Israelite kingship, signifying divine election and empowerment for office, a practice dating back to the earliest kings like Saul and David ([1 Samuel 10:1](/1-samuel/10-1 "Saul Anointed by Samuel") and [1 Samuel 16:13](/1-samuel/16-13 "David Anointed by Samuel")). The "testimony" (often understood as a copy of the Deuteronomic law or a royal covenant document) underscored the king's submission to God's law, distinguishing Israelite monarchy from the absolute Near Eastern despotisms where rulers often claimed divine status. The public acclamation, "God save the king," was a traditional cry of loyalty and blessing, affirming the people's allegiance to the new monarch and seeking divine favor upon his reign.
* **Key Themes:** The central theme is the **Divine Preservation of the Davidic Line**, demonstrating God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant with David ([2 Samuel 7:12-16](/2-samuel/7-12 "The Davidic Covenant")), even when human actions (like Athaliah's purge) threaten its extinction. This event highlights the **Restoration of Legitimate Authority**, as divinely appointed rule triumphs over an illegitimate and idolatrous reign, re-establishing order, justice, and covenant fidelity. The narrative also underscores **The Vital Role of the Priesthood**; Jehoiada's courage, strategic planning, and unwavering commitment to God's covenant exemplify the spiritual leadership necessary to uphold truth and restore God's established order when civil authority fails or becomes corrupt. Finally, the **Public Affirmation and Joy** of the people signify their enthusiastic acceptance of the legitimate king and their collective hope for a new, righteous era under a monarch who would rule according to God's will and lead them back to Yahweh worship, as seen in the subsequent reforms initiated by Jehoiada in [2 Kings 11:17-20](/2-kings/11-17 "Jehoiada's Reforms").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Brought forth (Hebrew, _yâtsâʼ'_):** This verb (H3318, יָצָא) means "to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications." In this context, it signifies the dramatic and deliberate act of Jehoiada unveiling Joash from his hidden sanctuary within the temple. This is not a casual emergence but a purposeful "bringing out" into the public eye, marking the transition from secrecy and vulnerability to public recognition and authority. It underscores the divine orchestration of the event, as the hidden heir is brought forth by God's instrument to reclaim his rightful place.
* **Testimony (Hebrew, _ʻêdûwth'_):** This feminine noun (H5715, עֵדֻת) refers to "testimony" or "witness," but in cultic and legal contexts, it often denotes the Law, the covenant, or specifically the tablets of the Law kept in the Ark of the Covenant (e.g., [Exodus 25:16](/exodus/25-16 "Tablets of the Testimony")). In the context of kingship, it most likely refers to a copy of the Deuteronomic law, specifically the "copy of this law" that the king was required to write for himself and read daily ([Deuteronomy 17:18-20](/deuteronomy/17-18 "Duties of the King")). Its presentation to Joash symbolized that his rule was not absolute but bound by God's divine law, serving as a constant reminder of his obligations to govern justly and according to God's will. It was a visible sign of the covenant between God, the king, and the people, establishing the theological foundation for his reign.
* **Anointed (Hebrew, _mâshach'_):** The verb (H4886, מָשַׁח) means "to rub with oil," specifically "to anoint." This ritual act was central to consecrating individuals for sacred office, whether priests ([Exodus 29:7](/exodus/29-7 "Anointing of Priests")), prophets, or kings. The anointing oil was a potent symbol of divine election and the impartation of God's Spirit and authority upon the chosen individual. For Joash, it signified that his kingship was divinely sanctioned and empowered, not merely a human appointment, thereby legitimizing his rule in the eyes of God and the people and setting him apart for his sacred royal duties.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And he brought forth the king's son":** This phrase marks the dramatic public unveiling of Joash, who had been hidden for six years within the temple. Jehoiada, the high priest, is the one who orchestrates and executes this crucial act, symbolizing the priestly authority validating the royal succession and the divine hand in bringing the rightful heir to light. This public presentation is essential for establishing Joash's legitimacy after a period of usurpation and secrecy.
* **"and put the crown upon him":** The crown (נֵזֶר, _nezer_) is the quintessential symbol of royalty, authority, and sovereignty. Placing it upon Joash's head visually confirms his status as the rightful king, publicly marking the transfer of power and the restoration of the Davidic monarchy. This act is a visible sign of his enthronement and the re-establishment of the legitimate royal line.
* **"and [gave him] the testimony":** This act, as previously discussed, refers to the presentation of the covenant document or the Law. It signifies that the king's authority is derived from and subject to God's divine will and commandments. It underscores the theological principle that the Israelite king was a vassal of Yahweh, bound by His laws, unlike pagan monarchs who often claimed divine status or ruled by absolute decree. It was a tangible reminder of his accountability to God.
* **"and they made him king, and anointed him":** This phrase reiterates the formal installation of Joash. "Made him king" (וַיַּמְלִכוּ, _vayyamlikhu_) indicates the formal act of enthronement and recognition by the assembled officials and people, signifying their acceptance and allegiance. The anointing, performed by Jehoiada, was the sacred ritual that consecrated Joash for his office, signifying divine appointment and empowerment, setting him apart for his royal duties with God's blessing.
* **"and they clapped their hands":** This action is a spontaneous and powerful expression of joy, approval, and celebration. It signifies the people's enthusiastic acceptance of Joash as their legitimate king, a stark contrast to the oppressive and illegitimate reign of Athaliah. It's a sign of popular affirmation, communal delight in the restoration of order, and a collective sigh of relief.
* **"and said, God save the king.":** This acclamation (יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ, _yechi hammelekh_) is a traditional cry of loyalty, blessing, and prayer for the king's long life and prosperity. It functions as a public oath of allegiance and a fervent petition for divine favor upon the newly enthroned monarch, reflecting the people's hope for a righteous, stable, and blessed reign under God's chosen ruler.

#### Literary Devices
The passage makes rich use of **Symbolism**, with the crown representing royal authority, the anointing oil signifying divine election and consecration, and the "testimony" embodying the divine covenant and the king's submission to God's law. The temple itself functions as a powerful symbol of divine presence and protection, providing a safe haven for Joash and the sacred space for his legitimate enthronement. There is also a strong sense of **Dramatic Irony**, as Athaliah, believing she had eradicated the Davidic line, is completely unaware that the true heir has been hidden under her very nose in the temple for six years, being meticulously prepared for his rightful ascension. The narrative also employs **Contrast**, powerfully juxtaposing the darkness, illegitimacy, and idolatry of Athaliah's reign with the light, order, divine sanction, and covenant fidelity of Joash's coronation. The joyous acclamation of the people contrasts sharply with the oppressive atmosphere and fear that must have permeated Judah under the usurper queen.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The coronation of Joash in [2 Kings 11:12](/2-kings/11-12 "Joash's Coronation") is a profound testament to God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant with David, promising an eternal dynasty. Despite human wickedness and determined attempts to thwart His plan—specifically Athaliah's murderous purge—God sovereignly preserves the royal line, demonstrating His power to work through a faithful remnant (Jehoiada and Jehosheba) to uphold His promises. This event underscores that true authority is divinely bestowed and operates under God's law, not through human ambition, violence, or illegitimate means. It also highlights the crucial role of righteous spiritual leadership in times of national crisis and moral decay, as Jehoiada acts as God's instrument to restore justice, legitimate rule, and proper worship in Judah, reminding us that God often works through courageous individuals committed to His will.

* [2 Samuel 7:12-16](/2-samuel/7-12 "God's Covenant with David")
* [Psalm 89:3-4](/psalm/89-3 "God's Oath to David's Dynasty")
* [Isaiah 9:6-7](/isaiah/9-6 "Prophecy of the Messiah's Eternal Kingdom")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The dramatic narrative of Joash's coronation offers enduring lessons for believers today, serving as a powerful reminder of God's unwavering faithfulness to His promises, even when circumstances appear dire or human evil seems to prevail. Just as God miraculously preserved a remnant of the Davidic line against all odds, so too does He remain faithful to His people through every generation, ensuring His ultimate purposes are fulfilled. This passage encourages us to trust deeply in God's sovereign plan, even when we cannot see how He is working behind the scenes, recognizing that His hidden work is often the most profound. It also challenges us to consider the nature of true leadership: it is not about seizing power or personal gain, but about serving God's purposes and governing justly according to His revealed will. We are called to uphold righteousness, truth, and justice, even when it is unpopular or dangerous, just as Jehoiada courageously did. Furthermore, the people's joyful acclamation reminds us of the importance of affirming and praying for righteous leadership, recognizing that all authority ultimately derives from God and should be exercised in submission to His Word.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life do you need to trust more deeply in God's faithfulness, even when circumstances seem hopeless or His work appears hidden?**
* **How does the story of Jehoiada inspire you to act with courage and integrity in your sphere of influence, especially when facing injustice or moral compromise?**
* **What does Joash receiving "the testimony" teach us about the relationship between authority and accountability to God's Word in our own lives and in the leadership we support?**

### FAQ
**What was the significance of "the testimony" given to Joash?**

Answer: The "testimony" (Hebrew: _‘eduth_) given to Joash was highly significant. It most likely refers to a copy of the Deuteronomic law, specifically the king's copy of the law as prescribed in [Deuteronomy 17:18-20](/deuteronomy/17-18 "The King's Copy of the Law and His Duties"). This act symbolized that Joash's kingship was not absolute or self-derived, but was under the supreme authority of God's covenant and His divine law. It served as a constant reminder that he was to govern justly, according to God's commands, and to lead the people in faithfulness to Yahweh. This practice fundamentally distinguished the Israelite monarchy from surrounding pagan kingships, where rulers often claimed divine status or exercised absolute power without accountability to a higher law.

**Why was Joash hidden in the temple, and for how long?**

Answer: Joash was hidden in the temple for six years to protect him from the murderous purge initiated by his grandmother, Athaliah. After the death of her son, King Ahaziah, Athaliah seized power and, in a desperate attempt to secure her reign, ordered the execution of all remaining royal heirs ([2 Kings 11:1](/2-kings/11-1 "Athaliah's Massacre of the Royal Seed")). However, Joash, then an infant, was secretly rescued by his aunt Jehosheba, the wife of Jehoiada the high priest, and hidden within the temple complex ([2 Kings 11:2-3](/2-kings/11-2 "Joash Rescued and Hidden")). The temple provided a secure sanctuary, allowing him to grow up safely under the care of Jehoiada and Jehosheba until the opportune moment for his rightful enthronement arrived, demonstrating God's providential care for the Davidic line.

**What happened to Athaliah after Joash was crowned?**

Answer: Immediately following Joash's coronation, Queen Athaliah was swiftly and decisively overthrown and executed. Upon hearing the sounds of celebration and the acclamation of the new king from the temple, Athaliah rushed in to investigate. When she saw Joash on the throne, crowned and with the "testimony," she tore her clothes and cried, "Treason! Treason!" ([2 Kings 11:13-14](/2-kings/11-13 "Athaliah's Reaction to Joash's Coronation")). Jehoiada the priest, having secured the temple, commanded the military commanders to remove her from the temple precincts and execute her outside, ensuring no bloodshed defiled the sacred space. She was taken out and put to death at the horse gate by the palace ([2 Kings 11:15-16](/2-kings/11-15 "Athaliah's Execution")), bringing an abrupt and violent end to her illegitimate and idolatrous reign and restoring legitimate rule to Judah.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The dramatic restoration of Joash to the throne of Judah in [2 Kings 11:12](/2-kings/11-12 "Joash's Coronation") serves as a powerful foreshadowing of the ultimate King, Jesus Christ. Just as Joash, a hidden heir, was divinely preserved from a murderous purge and brought forth to reclaim his rightful Davidic throne, so too was Jesus, the true Son of David, preserved from Herod's murderous decree ([Matthew 2:13-18](/matthew/2-13 "Herod's Massacre of the Innocents")) and ultimately revealed as the King of kings and Lord of lords ([Revelation 19:16](/revelation/19-16 "King of Kings and Lord of Lords")). Joash's anointing by Jehoiada points to Christ, the "Anointed One" (Messiah), upon whom the Spirit of the Lord rests without measure ([John 3:34](/john/3-34 "The Spirit Without Measure") and [Isaiah 61:1](/isaiah/61-1 "The Spirit of the Lord is Upon Me")). The "testimony" given to Joash, signifying his rule under God's law, finds its perfect fulfillment in Jesus, who not only perfectly obeyed the Law but is Himself the living Word and embodiment of God's will ([John 1:1](/john/1-1 "The Word Became Flesh") and [Hebrews 1:1-3](/hebrews/1-1 "Christ, the Radiance of God's Glory")). The people's cry, "God save the king," echoes the deep longing for a righteous ruler, a longing fully satisfied in Christ, whose kingdom is eternal and whose reign brings true salvation and peace ([Luke 1:32-33](/luke/1-32 "The Eternal Kingdom of Jesus")). Ultimately, Joash's coronation is a historical anchor for the promise that God would never abandon His covenant with David, a promise gloriously fulfilled in the person and eternal reign of Jesus Christ, who reigns from heaven and will return to establish His kingdom fully on earth ([Acts 2:30-36](/acts/2-30 "Jesus Exalted as Lord and Christ")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 25:16

And thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee.

1 Samuel 10:24

And Samuel said to all the people, See ye him whom the LORD hath chosen, that [there is] none like him among all the people? And all the people shouted, and said, God save the king.

Exodus 31:18

And he gave unto Moses, when he had made an end of communing with him upon mount Sinai, two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God.

2 Samuel 1:10

So I stood upon him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen: and I took the crown that [was] upon his head, and the bracelet that [was] on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord.

1 Kings 1:39

And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the people said, God save king Solomon.

Deuteronomy 17:18

And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write him a copy of this law in a book out of [that which is] before the priests the Levites:

Deuteronomy 17:20

That his heart be not lifted up above his brethren, and that he turn not aside from the commandment, [to] the right hand, or [to] the left: to the end that he may prolong [his] days in his kingdom, he, and his children, in the midst of Israel.