### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻêdûwth**, represented by `{{H5715}}`, functions as a term for **testimony** or **witness**. It appears 59 times across 57 unique verses in the Bible. This word encompasses both the divine precepts given by God as a witness to His character and will, and the physical objects that serve as a memorial to His covenant with Israel.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{H5715}}` is used in two significant ways. First, it refers to God's divine commands and statutes, often listed alongside his law and judgments. The **testimony** of the LORD is described as sure and making wise the simple [[Psalms 19:7]], and it is something to be kept with one's whole heart and soul [[2 Kings 23:3]]. Second, it refers to the physical embodiment of God's covenant, particularly the stone tablets. This is seen in phrases like the "tables of **testimony**" [[Exodus 31:18]], the "ark of the **testimony**" [[Exodus 25:22]], and the "tabernacle of **testimony**" [[Numbers 1:50]], which housed these sacred items.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the concept of divine witness and law:
* `{{H8451}}` **tôwrâh** (law): This term for a precept or statute is often paired with testimony, as in the **law** of the LORD which is perfect and the **testimony** which is sure [[Psalms 19:7]].
* `{{H1285}}` **bᵉrîyth** (covenant): Signifying a compact, this word is used in connection with making a **covenant** before the LORD to keep His commandments and testimonies [[2 Kings 23:3]].
* `{{H4687}}` **mitsvâh** (commandment): This word for a divine command frequently appears in lists with statutes and testimonies that the people were called to keep [[1 Chronicles 29:19]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5715}}` is demonstrated in its role as both a spiritual guide and a physical reminder of God's relationship with His people.
* **A Source of Wisdom:** God's **testimonies** are not merely rules but are a source of divine wisdom. They are described as "sure, making wise the simple" [[Psalms 19:7]] and provide more understanding than all teachers [[Psalms 119:99]].
* **The Physical Presence of the Covenant:** The "ark of the **testimony**" was the place where God would meet and commune with Moses [[Exodus 25:22]]. The "tables of **testimony**" were written by the very finger of God [[Exodus 31:18]], signifying a direct and tangible witness of His covenant.
* **An Everlasting Heritage:** The **testimonies** are an inheritance for God's people, meant to be passed down through generations [[Psalms 78:5]]. They are described as an everlasting heritage and the rejoicing of the heart [[Psalms 119:111]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5715}}` conveys a concept central to Israel's identity and worship. It represents God's witness to His people through both His written moral law and the sacred objects of the Tabernacle. From the stone tables inside the ark to the divine statutes that guide the heart, **ʻêdûwth** serves as a constant and sure reminder of God's covenant, His character, and His requirements for His people.
TRV