Proverbs 17:2

KJV

¶ A wise servant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame, and shall have part of the inheritance among the brethren.

KJV (with Strong's)

A wise {H7919} servant {H5650} shall have rule {H4910} over a son {H1121} that causeth shame {H954}, and shall have part {H2505} of the inheritance {H5159} among {H8432} the brethren {H251}.

Complete Jewish Bible

An intelligent slave will rule a shameful son and share the inheritance with the brothers.

Berean Standard Bible

A wise servant will rule over a disgraceful son and share his inheritance as one of the brothers.

American Standard Version

A servant that dealeth wisely shall have rule over a son that causeth shame, And shall have part in the inheritance among the brethren.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Proverbs 17:2 powerfully illustrates a fundamental principle of wisdom literature: character and competence often supersede inherited status. It declares that a servant who demonstrates practical wisdom and integrity will ultimately attain a position of authority and even a share in the family's inheritance, surpassing a natural son whose behavior brings disgrace. This proverb underscores the ancient Israelite value placed on merit, suggesting that true honor and leadership are earned through righteous conduct rather than merely by birthright, presenting a radical reordering of social hierarchy based on moral and intellectual worth.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This proverb is nestled within the broader collection of Solomonic proverbs, a genre of wisdom literature characterized by concise, memorable sayings designed to impart practical and moral instruction for living a life pleasing to God. The book of Proverbs frequently employs **antithetical parallelism**, contrasting the outcomes of wisdom versus folly, righteousness versus wickedness. [Proverbs 17](/proverbs/17 "Proverbs 17 - Wisdom and Folly") itself is a rich tapestry of such contrasts, addressing themes like the value of peace over strife ([Proverbs 17:1](/proverbs/17-1 "Proverbs 17:1 - Better a Dry Morsel with Quietness")), the dangers of bribery ([Proverbs 17:23](/proverbs/17-23 "Proverbs 17:23 - The Wicked Take a Bribe")), and the importance of a discerning heart ([Proverbs 17:24](/proverbs/17-24 "Proverbs 17:24 - Wisdom is Before Him Who Has Understanding")). Proverbs 17:2 serves as a striking example of how internal character—wisdom and integrity—is presented as more valuable than external status, directly challenging conventional societal expectations and reinforcing the book's overarching emphasis on the practical benefits of godly wisdom.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Israelite society, lineage and birthright were profoundly significant. The firstborn son typically held a preeminent position, inheriting a double portion of the family's wealth and assuming the patriarchal leadership of the household upon his father's death. This societal structure made the assertion of Proverbs 17:2 particularly revolutionary. While legal adoption of a servant into the full status of an heir was uncommon, trusted servants, such as Eliezer of Damascus in [Genesis 15:2-3](/genesis/15-2 "Genesis 15:2-3 - Abraham's Heir"), often held immense responsibility, managing the household and its affairs. The proverb highlights situations where a natural son might be so irresponsible or morally corrupt as to forfeit his privileges, making a competent and faithful servant a more suitable steward of the family's legacy. This reflects a pragmatic recognition that while birthright was important, the survival and honor of a household ultimately depended on capable and righteous leadership, even if it came from an unexpected source.

* **Key Themes:** Proverbs 17:2 significantly contributes to several overarching themes found throughout the book of Proverbs. It powerfully illustrates the theme of **Wisdom vs. Foolishness**, contrasting the discerning and capable individual with the one whose actions bring disgrace. It champions **Meritocracy over Birthright**, asserting that true authority and reward are earned through character, diligence, and competence, rather than being solely determined by inherited status or social standing. The proverb also touches upon **Household Management and Stewardship**, emphasizing the critical need for trustworthy leadership for the prosperity and honor of a family, a theme echoed in passages like [Proverbs 27:23-27](/proverbs/27-23-27 "Proverbs 27:23-27 - Be Diligent to Know the State of Your Flocks"). Furthermore, it speaks to the **Consequences of Shame and Dishonor**, demonstrating how a son's destructive behavior can lead to a forfeiture of privilege, while simultaneously highlighting the possibility of **Unexpected Elevation** for those who prove themselves faithful and wise, even from humble beginnings, echoing the principle that "humility comes before honor" ([Proverbs 15:33](/proverbs/15-33 "Proverbs 15:33 - The Fear of the Lord is the Instruction of Wisdom")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Wise (Hebrew, _sâkal'_):** From H7919, this term denotes more than mere intellectual knowledge; it signifies practical skill, discernment, and the ability to act circumspectly, leading to successful outcomes. A "wise servant" is one who demonstrates sound judgment, prudence, and effective management, contributing positively to the household's welfare and reputation through their intelligent actions.
* **Servant (Hebrew, _ʻebed'_):** From H5650, this word refers to a bondman or servant. While it can denote a slave, in this context, it often implies a trusted household manager, steward, or even a high-ranking official who is deeply integrated into the family's operations and entrusted with significant responsibilities, highlighting their indispensable role.
* **Shame (Hebrew, _bûwsh'_):** From H954, this word means to pale, to be ashamed, or to be disappointed. A "son that causeth shame" (literally, "a son of shame") indicates someone whose actions bring disgrace, dishonor, or disappointment upon the family name, potentially through idleness, immorality, or mismanagement that tarnishes the family's reputation.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"A wise servant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame":** This clause establishes the core contrast of the proverb. The "wise servant" (ʻebed sâkal), by virtue of his competence, integrity, and sound judgment, is deemed more fit to exercise authority ("shall have rule" - mâshal) than the natural heir, the "son that causeth shame" (bên bûwsh). This is a radical subversion of the typical social hierarchy, prioritizing character and capability over inherited status. The servant's wisdom enables effective governance, while the son's shameful conduct disqualifies him from leadership and responsibility.
* **"and shall have part of the inheritance among the brethren."** This second clause describes the extraordinary reward for the wise servant. Not only does he gain authority, but he also receives a share ("shall have part" - châlaq) of the family's "inheritance" (nachălâh), which was typically reserved for the natural sons ("among the brethren" - tâvek ʼâch). This suggests a profound level of integration and favor, indicating that the servant's faithfulness and wisdom earned him a status far beyond his original position, potentially a significant portion of the family's patrimony, a truly remarkable elevation.

#### Literary Devices
The proverb primarily employs **Antithetical Parallelism**, a hallmark of wisdom literature, to create a stark contrast between the "wise servant" and the "son that causeth shame." This juxtaposition effectively highlights the central message: character and behavior are more determinative of one's destiny and worth than mere birthright. The phrase "son that causeth shame" is an example of a **Genitive of Quality**, where "shame" describes the son's inherent nature or the outcome of his actions, emphasizing his disgraceful character. The proverb's dramatic reversal of roles, where a servant is elevated above a natural son, functions as a form of **Hyperbole** or **Exaggeration**, designed to powerfully underscore the supreme value of wisdom and integrity in the eyes of God and in the practical realities of life, making the principle memorable and impactful.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This proverb profoundly illustrates God's valuing of character, faithfulness, and wisdom over external status or inherited privilege. It speaks to a divine principle that true worth is measured by one's actions and heart, rather than by birthright or social standing. Just as a wise servant is elevated, so too does God honor those who walk in wisdom and integrity, regardless of their earthly origins. This theme resonates throughout Scripture, emphasizing that God looks upon the heart ([1 Samuel 16:7](/1_samuel/16-7 "1 Samuel 16:7 - God Looks at the Heart")) and rewards diligent stewardship. The proverb also foreshadows the radical inclusivity of God's kingdom, where those who were once considered outsiders can be brought into the family and share in the inheritance through faith and obedience, demonstrating God's pattern of exalting the humble and bringing low the proud.

* [Matthew 25:21](/matthew/25-21 "Parable of the Talents")
* [Galatians 3:28](/galatians/3-28 "No Jew or Gentile, Slave or Free, Male or Female in Christ")
* [Romans 8:17](/romans/8-17 "Heirs with Christ")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Proverbs 17:2 serves as a powerful and challenging reminder that our true value, influence, and potential for blessing are not determined by our family name, social status, or inherited advantages, but by the wisdom, integrity, and diligence we cultivate in our lives. It compels us to honestly assess our own character and conduct: are we living in ways that bring honor or shame to our spiritual family and, most importantly, to God's name? For those who may feel overlooked, underestimated, or disadvantaged by their circumstances, this proverb offers immense encouragement, demonstrating that faithfulness and competence in one's current sphere, no matter how humble, can lead to unexpected elevation and significant responsibility. Conversely, it issues a stern warning to those who rely solely on their position or birthright without cultivating wisdom and righteous living, urging them to recognize that such complacency can lead to the forfeiture of privileges. Ultimately, this proverb calls us to prioritize character development and faithful stewardship in all areas of our lives, trusting that God honors those who honor Him with their wisdom, integrity, and diligent service.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life are you called to exercise wisdom and diligence, even if you feel overlooked or undervalued by others?**
* **What specific actions, attitudes, or habits might be causing "shame" or diminishing your effectiveness and witness, and how can you intentionally address them?**
* **How does this proverb challenge your personal perceptions of success and worth, encouraging you to look beyond external status to internal character?**
* **Considering the principle of unexpected elevation, what opportunities for "rule" or "inheritance" might God be preparing for you as you faithfully cultivate wisdom and integrity in your daily life?**

### FAQ
**Does this proverb suggest that servants could literally become legal heirs in ancient Israel?**

Answer: While the legal adoption of a servant into the family to become a full, equal heir was not a common or codified practice in ancient Israelite law, Proverbs 17:2 highlights a profound pragmatic and ethical principle. It suggests that a highly trusted and competent servant could be granted significant authority ("rule" - H4910, _mâshal_) over the household, even over a wayward natural son, and could also be given a substantial "part of the inheritance" (H2505, _châlaq_, of the H5159, _nachălâh_). This "part" might not always mean a full legal inheritance on par with a natural son's double portion, but rather a significant portion of wealth, property, or a position of stewardship that effectively granted them control and benefit from the estate. The proverb emphasizes that merit and character could, in certain extraordinary circumstances, override strict birthright, especially when the rightful heir proved to be a disgrace. It underscores the value placed on practical wisdom and faithfulness within the family unit, even if it meant unconventional arrangements to preserve the family's legacy and honor.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Proverbs 17:2 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While not a "servant" in the sense of being inferior, Christ willingly took on the "form of a servant" ([Philippians 2:7](/philippians/2-7 "Philippians 2:7 - Christ's Humiliation and Exaltation")), humbling Himself to the point of death on a cross. Yet, it is through His perfect wisdom, sinless obedience, and unwavering faithfulness that He "caused no shame" but rather brought ultimate honor and glory to God the Father. In stark contrast to the "son that causeth shame"—humanity, as God's created "sons" and "daughters," who had fallen short and brought disgrace upon God's name through sin ([Romans 3:23](/romans/3-23 "Romans 3:23 - All Have Sinned"))—Jesus, the wise and faithful Servant of the Lord prophesied in Isaiah ([Isaiah 42:1](/isaiah/42-1 "Isaiah 42:1 - The Servant of the Lord")), perfectly fulfilled God's will. Because of His faithfulness, God has highly exalted Him, granting Him "rule" over all creation ([Ephesians 1:20-22](/ephesians/1-20-22 "Ephesians 1:20-22 - Christ's Exaltation")) and making Him the ultimate Heir of all things ([Hebrews 1:2](/hebrews/1-2 "Hebrews 1:2 - God Has Spoken by His Son")). Moreover, through Christ, those who were once alienated and "strangers from the covenants of promise" ([Ephesians 2:12](/ephesians/2-12 "Ephesians 2:12 - Gentiles Without Hope")) are now, by faith, adopted as "sons of God" ([John 1:12](/john/1-12 "John 1:12 - Children of God")) and become "heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ" ([Romans 8:17](/romans/8-17 "Romans 8:17 - Heirs with Christ")). Thus, the principle of a faithful "servant" receiving an "inheritance among the brethren" is gloriously realized in Christ, who, by His merit, secures an eternal inheritance for all who believe, bringing them into the very family of God and sharing His divine inheritance with them.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Proverbs 10:5

¶ He that gathereth in summer [is] a wise son: [but] he that sleepeth in harvest [is] a son that causeth shame.

Ecclesiastes 4:13

¶ Better [is] a poor and a wise child than an old and foolish king, who will no more be admonished.

Proverbs 14:35

¶ The king's favour [is] toward a wise servant: but his wrath is [against] him that causeth shame.

Proverbs 19:26

¶ He that wasteth [his] father, [and] chaseth away [his] mother, [is] a son that causeth shame, and bringeth reproach.

Proverbs 11:29

¶ He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind: and the fool [shall be] servant to the wise of heart.

Genesis 24:4

But thou shalt go unto my country, and to my kindred, and take a wife unto my son Isaac.

Genesis 24:67

And Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah's tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her: and Isaac was comforted after his mother's [death].