Psalms 73
The Psalmist's Initial Struggle 1–3
The Deceptive Prosperity of the Wicked 4–12
Doubt and Despair 13–15
The Turning Point in the Sanctuary 16–22
Assurance and Eternal Hope 23–28
Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain
Study Notes for Psalms 73
Verse 1
Truly God is good to Israel — The title names Asaph (H623); the psalm opens with the conclusion it reaches by v.28. 'Clean' is bar, pure; the clean heart is the one Christ blesses: 'Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God' (Matt 5:8).
Verse 2
my feet were almost gone — 'Gone' is natah, to stretch or turn aside; 'slipped' is shaphak, literally poured out. Both describe a foot sliding from the path. The answer to such a slip is in Ps 94:18: 'When I said, My foot slippeth; thy mercy, O LORD, held me up.'
Verse 3
I was envious at the foolish — Qana, to be jealous or envious; the same temptation is forbidden in 'Fret not thyself because of evildoers, neither be thou envious' (Ps 37:1) and in Prov 23:17. 'Foolish' is halal, the boaster; 'prosperity' is shalom, peace or ease.
Verse 4
no bands in their death — Chartsubbah is a fetter or pang, so the wicked die without pain, and 'their strength is firm' (bari, fat and sound). Compare Job 21:23, 'One dieth in his full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet.' Their end is judged from the sanctuary in v.17.
Verse 6
pride compasseth them about as a chain — Anaq is to put a collar on the neck; pride is their necklace, as 'a chain on thy neck' is an ornament in Ezek 16:11. 'Violence' (chamas) covers them as a garment (shith, attire), so that violence clothes them.
Verse 7
Their eyes stand out with fatness — Cheleb is fat, the richest part. The figure is of a face swollen with abundance: 'They are inclosed in their own fat' (Ps 17:10). 'More than heart could wish' is literally they pass beyond the imaginings (maskith) of the heart.
Verse 9
They set their mouth against the heavens — The mouth is set (shathath) against heaven, while the tongue 'walketh' (halak) over the earth. Pharaoh's 'Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice' (Ex 5:2) is the pattern; v.11 gives their words.
Verse 10
his people return hither — A hard verse. 'His people' may be the wicked man's followers, who 'return' (shub) to him, and 'waters of a full cup are wrung out' (matsah, to drain) to them. Contrast the cup in the LORD's hand (Ps 75:8).
Verse 11
How doth God know? — The same speech is in Job 22:13, 'How doth God know? can he judge through the dark cloud?' and Ps 94:7, 'The LORD shall not see'. 'God' is El; 'the most High' is Elyon. Yet 'he knoweth the secrets of the heart' (Ps 44:21).
Verse 13
I have cleansed my heart in vain — Zakah, to make clean; 'in vain' is riq, emptily. 'Washed my hands in innocency' recalls the worshipper's vow, 'I will wash mine hands in innocency: so will I compass thine altar, O LORD' (Ps 26:6), here turned into a charge of wasted effort.
Verse 14
plagued, and chastened every morning — 'Plagued' is naga, to be touched or struck; 'chastened' is tokechah, rebuke or correction. The LORD's reproof is called a blessing in Ps 94:12: 'Blessed is the man whom thou chastenest, O LORD'; cf. Heb 12:5.
Verse 15
the generation of thy children — 'Offend' is bagad, to deal treacherously, so speaking thus would betray 'the generation' (dor) of God's sons. Christ gives a like warning against offending 'one of these little ones which believe in me' (Matt 18:6).
Verse 17
the sanctuary of God — Miqdash, the holy place. There 'their end' (acharith, the latter end) is understood: 'the end of the wicked shall be cut off' (Ps 37:38), while 'the end of that man is peace' (Ps 37:37). Compare Ps 77:13, 'Thy way, O God, is in the sanctuary.'
Verse 18
slippery places — Chelqoth, smooth places; the footing that nearly failed Asaph in v.2 now belongs to them. The same figure is in Ps 35:6, 'Let their way be dark and slippery', and Jer 23:12. 'Destruction' is mashsha'ah, ruin.
Verse 20
when thou awakest, thou shalt despise their image — The dream vanishes on waking: 'He shall fly away as a dream' (Job 20:8). The LORD is said to awake in Ps 78:65 and Ps 7:6. 'Image' is tselem, a phantom or shadow; 'despise' is bazah.
Verse 22
I was as a beast before thee — 'Foolish' is baar, brutish, and 'beast' is behemah, the dumb animal. The same word for brutish is in Ps 92:6, 'A brutish man knoweth not', and Prov 30:2, 'Surely I am more brutish than any man'. The ignorance was before God.
Verse 23
thou hast holden me by my right hand — Achaz, to seize and hold. 'Nevertheless' turns from v.22 to what God has done: the grasp is his, not Asaph's own. Compare 'I the LORD thy God will hold thy right hand, saying unto thee, Fear not' (Isa 41:13) and 'thy right hand upholdeth me' (Ps 63:8).
Verse 24
afterward receive me to glory — 'Receive' is laqach, to take, the verb of 'he shall receive me' (Ps 49:15) and of Enoch, 'God took him' (Gen 5:24). 'Counsel' (etsah) is his guidance now; 'afterward' (achar) looks past death; 'glory' is kabod.
Verse 25
Whom have I in heaven but thee? — The only desire (chaphets) left is God himself; heaven and earth together cover everything. Paul speaks alike: 'I count all things but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord' (Phil 3:8).
Verse 26
God is the strength of my heart, and my portion for ever — 'Strength' is tsur, rock; 'portion' is cheleq, an allotted share. The LORD said to Aaron, 'I am thy part and thine inheritance' (Num 18:20); 'The LORD is my portion' is repeated in Lam 3:24.
Verse 27
go a whoring from thee — Zanah, to commit harlotry; the figure for Israel's turning to other gods (Ex 34:15; Ps 106:39). The 'far' (rachaq) are set against the one who draws near (v.28). James says friendship with the world is enmity with God (Jas 4:4).
Verse 28
it is good for me to draw near to God — Qirbah is nearness; the 'good' (tov) of v.1 is now personal. 'Trust' is machaseh, a refuge. James echoes the line: 'Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you' (Jas 4:8). 'Declare' is saphar, to recount.