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Commentary on Psalms 73 verses 1–14
This psalm begins somewhat abruptly: Yet God is good to Israel (so the margin reads it); he had been thinking of the prosperity of the wicked; while he was thus musing the fire burned, and at last he spoke by way of check to himself for what he had been thinking of. "However it be, yet God is good." Though wicked people receive many of the gifts of his providential bounty, yet we must own that he is, in a peculiar manner, good to Israel; they have favours from him which others have not.
The psalmist designs an account of a temptation he was strongly assaulted with - to envy the prosperity of the wicked, a common temptation, which has tried the graces of many of the saints. Now in this account,
I. He lays down, in the first place, that great principle which he is resolved to abide by and not to quit while he was parleying with this temptation, Psa 73:1. Job, when he was entering into such a temptation, fixed for his principle the omniscience of God: Times are not hidden from the Almighty, Job 24:1. Jeremiah's principle is the justice of God: Righteous art thou, O God! when I plead with thee, Jer 12:1. Habakkuk's principle is the holiness of God: Thou art of purer eyes than to behold iniquity, Hab 1:13. The psalmist's, here, is the goodness of God. These are truths which cannot be shaken and which we must resolve to live and die by. Though we may not be able to reconcile all the disposals of Providence with them, we must believe they are reconcilable. Note, Good thoughts of God will fortify us against many of Satan's temptations. Truly God is good; he had had many thoughts in his mind concerning the providences of God, but this word, at last, settled him: "For all this, God is good, good to Israel, even to those that are of a clean heart." Note, 1. Those are the Israel of God that are of a clean heart, purified by the blood of Christ, cleansed from the pollutions of sin, and entirely devoted to the glory of God. An upright heart is a clean heart; cleanness is truth in the inward part. 2. God, who is good to all, is in a special manner good to his church and people, as he was to Israel of old. God was good to Israel in redeeming them out of Egypt, taking them into covenant with himself, giving them his laws and ordinances, and in the various providences that related to them; he is, in like manner, good to all those that are of a clean heart, and, whatever happens, we must not think otherwise.
II. He comes now to relate the shock that was given to his faith in God's distinguishing goodness to Israel by a strong temptation to envy the prosperity of the wicked, and therefore to think that the Israel of God are no happier than other people and that God is no kinder to them than to others.
1.He speaks of it as a very narrow escape that he had not been quite foiled and overthrown by this temptation (Psa 73:2): "But as for me, though I was so well satisfied in the goodness of God to Israel, yet my feet were almost gone (the tempter had almost tripped up my heels), my steps had well-nigh slipped (I had like to have quitted my religion, and given up all my expectations of benefit by it); for I was envious at the foolish." Note, 1. The faith even of strong believers may sometimes be sorely shaken and ready to fail them. There are storms that will try the firmest anchors. 2. Those that shall never be quite undone are sometimes very near it, and, in their own apprehension, as good as gone. Many a precious soul, that shall live for ever, had once a very narrow turn for its life; almost and well-nigh ruined, but a step between it and fatal apostasy, and yet snatched as a brand out of the burning, which will for ever magnify the riches of divine grace in the nations of those that are saved. Now,
2.Let us take notice of the process of the psalmist's temptation, what he was tempted with and tempted to.
(1.)He observed that foolish wicked people have sometimes a very great share of outward prosperity. He saw, with grief, the prosperity of the wicked, Psa 73:3. Wicked people are really foolish people, and act against reason and their true interest, and yet every stander-by sees their prosperity. [1.] They seem to have the least share of the troubles and calamities of this life (Psa 73:5): They are not in the troubles of other men, even of wise and good men, neither are they plagued like other men, but seem as if by some special privilege they were exempted from the common lot of sorrows. If they meet with some little trouble, it is nothing to what others endure that are less sinners and yet greater sufferers. [2.] They seem to have the greatest share of the comforts of this life. They live at ease, and bathe themselves in pleasures, so that their eyes stand out with fatness, Psa 73:7. See what the excess of pleasure is; the moderate use of it enlightens the eyes, but those that indulge themselves inordinately in the delights of sense have their eyes ready to start out of their heads. Epicures are really their own tormentors, by putting a force upon nature, while they pretend to gratify it. And well may those feed themselves to the full who have more than heart could wish, more than they themselves ever thought of or expected to be masters of. They have, at least, more than a humble, quiet, contented heart could wish, yet not so much as they themselves wish for. There are many who have a great deal of this life in their hands, but nothing of the other life in their hearts. They are ungodly, live without the fear and worship of God, and yet they prosper and get on in the world, and not only are rich, but increase in riches, Psa 73:12. They are looked upon as thriving men; while others have much ado to keep what they have, they are still adding more, more honour, power, pleasure, by increasing in riches. They are the prosperous of the age, so some read it. [3.] Their end seems to be peace. This is mentioned first, as the most strange of all, for peace in death was every thought to be the peculiar privilege of the godly (Psa 37:37), yet, to outward appearance, it is often the lot of the ungodly (Psa 73:4): There are no bands in their death. They are not taken off by a violent death; they are foolish, and yet die not as fools die; for their hands are not bound nor their feet put into fetters, Sa2 3:33, Sa2 3:34. They are not taken off by an untimely death, like the fruit forced from the tree before it is ripe, but are left to hang on, till, through old age, they gently drop of themselves. They do not die of sore and painful diseases: There are no pangs, no agonies, in their death, but their strength is firm to the last, so that they scarcely feel themselves die. They are of those who die in their full strength, being wholly at ease and quiet, not of those that die in the bitterness of their souls and never eat with pleasure, Job 21:23, Job 21:25. Nay, they are not bound by the terrors of conscience in their dying moments; they are not frightened either with the remembrance of their sins or the prospect of their misery, but die securely. We cannot judge of men's state on the other side death either by the manner of their death or the frame of their spirits in dying. Men may die like lambs, and yet have their place with the goats.
(2.)He observed that they made a very bad use of their outward prosperity and were hardened by it in their wickedness, which very much strengthened the temptation he was in to fret at it. If it had done them any good, if it had made them less provoking to God or less oppressive to man, it would never have vexed him; but it had quite a contrary effect upon them. [1.] It made them very proud and haughty. Because they live at ease, pride compasses them as a chain, Psa 73:6. They show themselves (to all that see them) to be puffed up with their prosperity, as men show their ornaments. The pride of Israel testifies to his face, Hos 5:5; Isa 3:9. Pride ties on their chain, or necklace; so Dr. Hammond reads it. It is no harm to wear a chain or necklace; but when pride ties it on, when it is worn to gratify a vain mind, it ceases to be an ornament. It is not so much what the dress or apparel is (though we have rules for that, Ti1 2:9) as what principle ties it on and with what spirit it is worn. And, as the pride of sinners appears in their dress, so it does in their talk: They speak loftily (Psa 73:8); they affect great swelling words of vanity (Pe2 2:18), bragging of themselves and disdaining all about them. Out of the abundance of the pride that is in their heart they speak big. [1.] It made them oppressive to their poor neighbours (Psa 73:6): Violence covers them as a garment. What they have got by fraud and oppression they keep and increase by the same wicked methods, and care not what injury they do to others, nor what violence they use, so they may but enrich and aggrandize themselves. They are corrupt, like the giants, the sinners of the old world, when the earth was filled with violence, Gen 6:11, Gen 6:13. They care not what mischief they do, either for mischief-sake or for their own advantage-sake. They speak wickedly concerning oppression; they oppress, and justify themselves in it. Those that speak well of sin speak wickedly of it. They are corrupt, that is, dissolved in pleasures and every thing that is luxurious (so some), and then they deride and speak maliciously; they care not whom they wound with the poisoned darts of calumny; from on high they speak oppression. [3.] It made them very insolent in their demeanour towards both God and man (Psa 73:9): They set their mouth against the heavens, putting contempt upon God himself and his honour, bidding defiance to him and his power and justice. They cannot reach the heavens with their hands, to shake God's throne, else they would; but they show their ill-will by setting their mouth against the heavens. Their tongue also walks through the earth, and they take liberty to abuse all that come in their way. No man's greatness or goodness can secure him from the scourge of the virulent tongue. They take a pride and pleasure in bantering all mankind; they are pests of the country, for they neither fear God nor regard man. [4.] In all this they were very atheistical and profane. They could not have been thus wicked if they had not learned to say (Psa 73:11), How doth God know? And is there knowledge in the Most High? So far were they from desiring the knowledge of God, who gave them all the good things they had and would have taught them to use them well, that they were not willing to believe God had any knowledge of them, that he took any notice of their wickedness or would ever call them to an account. As if, because he is Most High, he could not or would not see them, Job 22:12, Job 22:13. Whereas because he is Most High therefore he can, and will, take cognizance of all the children of men and of all they do, or say, or think. What an affront is it to the God of infinite knowledge, from whom all knowledge is, to ask, Is there knowledge in him? Well may he say (Psa 73:12), Behold, these are the ungodly.
(3.)He observed that while wicked men thus prospered in their impiety, and were made more impious by their prosperity, good people were in great affliction, and he himself in particular, which very much strengthened the temptation he was in to quarrel with Providence. [1.] He looked abroad and saw many of God's people greatly at a loss (Psa 73:10): "Because the wicked are so very daring therefore his people return hither; they are at the same pause, the same plunge, that I am at; they know not what to say to it any more than I do, and the rather because waters of a full cup are wrung out to them; they are not only made to drink, and to drink deeply, of the bitter cup of affliction, but to drink all. Care is taken that they lose not a drop of that unpleasant potion; the waters are wrung out unto them, that they may have the dregs of the cup. They pour out abundance of tears when they hear wicked people blaspheme God and speak profanely," as David did, Psa 119:136. These are the waters wrung out to them. [2.] He looked at home, and felt himself under the continual frowns of Providence, while the wicked were sunning themselves in its smiles (Psa 73:14): "For my part," says he, "all the day long have I been plagued with one affliction or another, and chastened every morning, as duly as the morning comes." His afflictions were great - he was chastened and plagued; the returns of them were constant, every morning with the morning, and they continued, without intermission, all the day long. This he thought was very hard, that, when those who blasphemed God were in prosperity, he that worshipped God was under such great affliction. He spoke feelingly when he spoke of his own troubles; there is no disputing against sense, except by faith.
(4.)From all this arose a very strong temptation to cast off his religion. [1.] Some that observed the prosperity of the wicked, especially comparing it with the afflictions of the righteous, were tempted to deny a providence and to think that God had forsaken the earth. In this sense some take Psa 73:11. There are those, even among God's professing people, that say, "How does God know? Surely all things are left to blind fortune, and not disposed of by an all-seeing God." Some of the heathen, upon such a remark as this, have asked, Quis putet esse deos? - Who will believe that there are gods? [2.] Though the psalmist's feet were not so far gone as to question God's omniscience, yet he was tempted to question the benefit of religion, and to say (Psa 73:13), Verily, I have cleansed my heart in vain, and have, to no purpose, washed my hands in innocency. See here what it is to be religious; it is to cleanse our hearts, in the first place, by repentance and regeneration, and then to wash our hands in innocency by a universal reformation of our lives. It is not in vain to do this, not in vain to serve God and keep his ordinances; but good men have been sometimes tempted to say, "It is in vain," and "Religion is a thing that there is nothing to be got by," because they see wicked people in prosperity. But, however the thing may appear now, when the pure in heart, those blessed ones, shall see God (Mat 5:8), they will not say that they cleansed their hearts in vain.
If someone speaks like this: “If ever someone is deceived or snatched away in one of these [abysses], is he already lost and has he no longer repentance,” I will tell him that a person who has repentance and a true understanding regarding the faith and God’s commandments, with a zeal for this, even if he comes close to falling through negligence, yet the Lord will not let him be lost altogether. As it is written, “My feet were on the point of stumbling.” He shows him his grace through the scourge of a sickness or a grief or the shame of his offense, so that becoming conscious [of his negligence] he may walk in the middle of the narrow path until he arrives and may not wander a single foot off, because the path is four cubits wide. He who wanders off is like Judas, who after receiving great benevolence from the Lord and seeing great signs—even the resurrection of the dead—“having the purse,” was not aware of grace. Because of this he was completely lost through love of money and betrayal. But the good, although as people with free will they may somehow have neglected what is fitting, are still “refined through fire like silver” casting away rust. This is why blessed David says, “I, in the abundance of your mercy, will enter your house.” If he says this, how much more we wretches!
“How good is God to Israel, to them that are right in heart!” Growth in moral perfection is evident as a theme from the beginning of the psalm. Indeed, no one can truly proclaim that God is good but one who knows that goodness is not from his own successes and profits but out of the depth of the heavenly mysteries and the height of God’s plan. For it is to be weighed not by the appearance of things present but by the advantage of things to come. Consequently, to the just person God is always good. Whether tormented by bodily pain or overwhelmed by bitter punishments, he always says, “If we have received good things from the hand of the Lord, why do we not bear up under those that are evil?” He rejoices that he is being chastised here, so that he may gain consolation for the future; he knows that one who has received good things in this life has his reward. The person who has not struggled or been tried in the combat of various contests will not be able to hope for future rewards.
Indeed, in what follows, David describes his own experience when he says, “But my feet were almost moved, my steps had well nigh slipped, for I was envious in the case of sinners, when I saw the peace of sinners.” He is surely not speaking of bodily feet and bodily steps but of the uprightness of the heart and of the step concerning which he says in another passage, “Let not the foot of pride come to me and let not the hand of sinners move me.” And so, we ought always to ask that the Lord may direct the footsteps of our spirits. Else they may fall, slip in a kind of morass of error and be unable to maintain their firm hold. Moreover, the reason for David’s fall is that he emulated the peace of sinners. But we ought to emulate what is good, not what is filled with shame, even as the apostle Paul also put it when he said, “to emulate the good is always a good thing.”
But what to you? "But my feet were almost moved" [Psalm 73:2]. When were the feet moved, except when the heart was not right? Whence was the heart not right? Hear: "My steps were well near overthrown." What he has meant by "almost," the same he has meant by "well near:" and what he has meant by "my feet were almost moved," the same he has meant by "my steps were overthrown." Almost my feet were moved, almost my steps were overthrown. Moved were the feet: but whence were the feet moved and the steps overthrown? Moved were the feet to going astray, overthrown were the steps to falling: not entirely, but "almost." But what is this? Already I was going to stray, I had not gone: already I was falling, I had not fallen.
It was in this way, you see, that the psalmist whose feet were shaken blamed himself, because he had started to find fault with God and was already on the point of doing so; but he was almost on the point of it; he was not quite there yet. He did not deny that God knew, but he staggered, as if his feet were shaken. What does it mean to stagger? To doubt. When he blamed himself, though, for not having an upright heart, what did he say? “Why were my feet disturbed? Because I was envious, he said, of sinners, seeing the peace of sinners. Because I saw that the wicked were rich, I envied them; and I said I have lost out on justice, and for no reason have I made my heart just, and washed my hands among the innocent. And while I am in doubt, this is how I have begun to understand.”“This is how I have begun,” he says, “to understand this; there is toil ahead of me.” Great toil, to solve this problem. It really is hard labor. All is well with that one, and he is a bad man; all goes badly with this one, and he is a good man; and over them both is God the judge. So the just judge is giving good things to bad people, bad things to good people. “There is toil ahead of me.” But for how long is the toil there? “Until I enter into the sanctuary of God and understand about the last things.” So if you understand about the last things, you will enjoy the quiet rest of discovery, the toil of inquiry will be over and done with.
Although the hearts of all the faithful do not doubt that divine providence is never absent in any part of the world or at any time or that success in temporal affairs does not rest on the power of the stars (which is no power) but it acknowledges that all things are disposed according to the most just and most kind decision of the King on High, as it is written: “All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth.” Still, since some things do not happen according to our desires, and since the cause of the wicked is often favored over that of the righteous in the mistakes of human justice, it is a fact very near to us and well known that these things trouble even great souls and drive them to some complaint of an unlawful matter. Even David, most renowned of prophets, confessed himself distressed by these diversities to the point of danger and said, “My feet were almost stumbling, my steps were all but slipping, because I was envious of the arrogant, seeing the prosperity of the sinners.”
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SUMMARY
Psalms 73:2 serves as a stark and vulnerable confession from Asaph, the psalmist, revealing a profound spiritual crisis where his faith was severely shaken. He admits that he stood on the very precipice of apostasy, his spiritual footing so precarious that his steps had nearly veered off the path of righteousness and into cynicism or despair. This verse immediately establishes the central tension of the entire psalm, which chronicles his intense struggle with the apparent prosperity of the wicked and the seeming futility of his own devotion, before culminating in a transformative encounter with God's ultimate justice and enduring presence.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Psalms 73:2 is powerfully crafted with several literary devices that amplify its emotional and theological impact. The most prominent is Metaphor, where "feet" and "steps" are used to represent Asaph's spiritual stability, moral conduct, and adherence to the path of righteousness. The vivid imagery of "almost gone" and "well nigh slipped" creates a strong visual of imminent spiritual collapse and deviation, making the abstract concept of spiritual doubt tangible and deeply relatable. The verse also employs Confession, as Asaph lays bare his inner turmoil with striking honesty and vulnerability, immediately drawing the reader into his personal struggle. Furthermore, there is an implied Contrast with the wicked, whose seemingly stable and prosperous "steps" (as described later in the psalm) highlight the perplexing instability of the righteous psalmist. The use of Hyperbole in phrases like "almost gone" and "well nigh slipped" underscores the extreme nature of his spiritual crisis, emphasizing just how close he felt to complete failure and spiritual abandonment.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Psalms 73:2 connects deeply with the broader biblical narrative concerning the perennial problem of evil, the perplexing suffering of the righteous, and the ultimate vindication of God's justice. Asaph's struggle is a timeless human experience, reflecting the inherent tension between present, often contradictory, circumstances and eternal realities. His near-fall highlights the crucial importance of perspective—an earthly, temporal view often leads to doubt and spiritual instability, while a divine, eternal perspective (which he later gains in the sanctuary) reveals God's perfect plan, sovereign control, and ultimate judgment. This verse underscores that God's people are not immune to profound spiritual struggles, and that honest lament, questioning, and even wrestling with God are legitimate and healthy components of a maturing faith journey, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding and unwavering trust in God's sovereignty, even when His ways remain inscrutable to human eyes.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Asaph's raw and courageous confession in Psalms 73:2 offers profound comfort and validation for believers navigating their own seasons of doubt, spiritual uncertainty, and disillusionment. It serves as a powerful reminder that spiritual struggle is not a sign of weakness, a lack of faith, or an indication of God's displeasure, but rather a common human experience, even for those deeply committed to God. Asaph's willingness to articulate his near-fall encourages us to bring our whole selves—including our doubts, frustrations, questions, and even our spiritual precariousness—before God in honest prayer and lament, rather than suppressing them or pretending they don't exist. This verse also functions as a potent warning against the insidious dangers of comparison and envy, which can quickly erode our spiritual footing when we fixate on the apparent ease, success, or lack of consequence for others, rather than on God's unchanging character, His righteous ways, and His unfailing promises. Ultimately, Asaph's journey from the brink of a spiritual slip to renewed stability (as revealed later in the psalm) provides a timeless roadmap: when our steps feel precarious and our faith wavers, the path to re-establishing spiritual stability lies in seeking God's divine perspective, trusting in His ultimate justice, and clinging to His presence as our greatest and most enduring good.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What does it mean for "feet" and "steps" to "almost slip" in a spiritual sense?
Answer: In a spiritual sense, "feet" and "steps" are powerful metaphors representing one's spiritual walk, moral conduct, and adherence to God's path and commandments. For them to "almost slip" or be "almost gone" means that the psalmist was on the very brink of abandoning his faith, deviating from righteous living, or succumbing to profound cynicism and despair regarding God's justice. It signifies a severe crisis of faith where his commitment to God and His ways was intensely tested and nearly broken. This is a common biblical metaphor, as seen in Proverbs 4:26 which speaks of pondering the path of one's feet, or Psalms 40:2 where God sets one's feet upon a rock, indicating divine establishment and stability.
Was Asaph close to losing his salvation or becoming an apostate?
Answer: The language "almost gone" and "well nigh slipped" strongly suggests that Asaph was indeed on the precipice of a significant spiritual fall, potentially even apostasy, in his heart and mind. While the psalm does not explicitly state that he lost his salvation (and indeed, he recovers his faith and perspective), it powerfully illustrates the real and dangerous possibility of spiritual deviation and profound doubt, even for a devoted servant of God. His experience serves as a sobering warning that faith is not static but requires constant vigilance, honest self-assessment, and a humble reliance on God's sustaining grace. It highlights that even true believers can experience deep doubts and question God's justice, but God's faithfulness can prevent a complete and final fall, as 1 Corinthians 10:13 suggests, He will not allow us to be tempted beyond what we can bear, but will provide a way of escape.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Psalms 73:2, with Asaph's raw confession of a near-slip from faith, finds profound Christ-centered fulfillment in several interconnected ways. Firstly, it highlights the universal reality of human frailty and the struggle with doubt, a struggle that Jesus, though fully divine, fully entered into as a man. While Jesus never "slipped" in His faith or obedience, His own experience of intense temptation in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1-11) and His agonizing prayer in Gethsemane (Luke 22:42-44) powerfully demonstrate the real pressure and spiritual battle against which even the perfectly righteous must contend. Secondly, Asaph's ultimate resolution, found in entering the sanctuary and gaining divine perspective (Psalms 73:17), profoundly foreshadows Christ Himself as our ultimate "sanctuary" and the singular source of all true understanding and wisdom. In Christ, we discover the definitive answer to the problem of suffering and evil, for He, the perfectly righteous one, suffered unjustly and profoundly, yet through His sacrificial death and glorious resurrection, He decisively conquered sin, death, and evil, guaranteeing ultimate justice and eternal life for all who believe in Him (Philippians 2:8-11). Finally, Asaph's preservation from a complete fall points powerfully to Christ as the faithful one who sustains His people. He is the Good Shepherd who holds His sheep firmly in His hand, ensuring that none who are truly His will ultimately perish or be snatched away from His grasp (John 10:28-29). Our stability, when our feet feel "almost gone," is not rooted in our own strength or perseverance, but in His unwavering faithfulness and the secure, unshakeable foundation of His finished work on the cross.