Nehemiah 7:37

KJV

The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and one.

KJV (with Strong's)

The children {H1121} of Lod {H3850}, Hadid {H2307}, and Ono {H207}, seven {H7651} hundred {H3967} twenty {H6242} and one {H259}.

Complete Jewish Bible

descendants of Lod, Hadid and Ono 721

Berean Standard Bible

the men of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, 721;

American Standard Version

The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and one.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Nehemiah 7:37 is a precise entry within a comprehensive census of the Jewish exiles who returned to Judah from Babylonian captivity. This verse specifically enumerates the "children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono," totaling seven hundred twenty-one individuals, highlighting the meticulous record-keeping essential for the re-establishment of the post-exilic community. It underscores the importance of identity, lineage, and the physical restoration of God's people to their ancestral land, contributing to the broader narrative of rebuilding not only Jerusalem's walls but also its societal and spiritual fabric.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Following the triumphant completion of Jerusalem's walls in [Nehemiah 6](/nehemiah/6 "Nehemiah 6 - Completion of the Wall"), the narrative shifts from physical construction to community consolidation. Nehemiah, recognizing the city's vulnerability and sparse population, initiates a crucial phase of organization and repopulation. Chapter 7 begins with the appointment of key officials—gatekeepers, singers, and Levites—to manage the newly secured city. This administrative setup naturally leads into the detailed census, which Nehemiah discovers and then verifies. The list, which runs from [Nehemiah 7:6](/nehemiah/7-6 "Nehemiah 7:6 - The List of Returnees") through [Nehemiah 7:65](/nehemiah/7-65 "Nehemiah 7:65 - Conclusion of the List"), serves as the foundational document for identifying the legitimate inhabitants of Judah, ensuring proper tribal affiliation, land claims, and the re-establishment of religious duties, including support for the temple. This precise enumeration, including the specific entry in [Nehemiah 7:37](/nehemiah/7-37 "Nehemiah 7:37 - The Children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono"), demonstrates the methodical approach to rebuilding a nation from its foundations.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The return from Babylonian exile was a monumental event in Israelite history, fulfilling prophetic promises of restoration (e.g., [Jeremiah 29:10](/jeremiah/29-10 "Jeremiah 29:10 - Promise of Return")). After nearly 70 years of exile, the Persian king Cyrus's decree allowed the Jews to return and rebuild their temple and city. The first wave of returnees arrived under Zerubbabel and Joshua (c. 538 BC), followed by Ezra (c. 458 BC), and then Nehemiah (c. 445 BC). The census in Nehemiah 7, which closely parallels the one in [Ezra 2](/ezra/2 "Ezra 2 - The List of Those Who Returned"), reflects the challenges and priorities of this post-exilic period. Establishing clear lineage and tribal identity was paramount for land distribution, maintaining social order, and ensuring the purity of the priesthood. Lod, Hadid, and Ono were towns situated in the Plain of Sharon, a fertile coastal region west of Jerusalem. Their inclusion signifies the geographical breadth of the returning exiles, indicating that people from various regions within the former kingdom of Judah were participating in this national restoration, not just those from the immediate vicinity of Jerusalem.

* **Key Themes:** The meticulous record-keeping evident in [Nehemiah 7](/nehemiah/7 "Nehemiah 7 - The Census of the Returnees"), including the specific count in [Nehemiah 7:37](/nehemiah/7-37 "Nehemiah 7:37 - The Children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono"), underscores the profound importance of **order and identity** for the re-emerging nation. This wasn't mere bureaucracy; it was a theological act, affirming God's covenant with a specific people and land, ensuring that the restored community was composed of those legitimately connected to Israel's heritage. This ties directly into the theme of **restoration and re-establishment**, as the physical return of the exiles to their homeland was a tangible manifestation of God's faithfulness to His promises. The census provided the framework for rebuilding civil and religious life, from temple service to land ownership. Finally, the very existence of this returning remnant, against all odds, powerfully testifies to **God's unwavering faithfulness**. Despite their disobedience leading to exile, God remembered His covenant and brought His people back, demonstrating His sovereign control over history and His commitment to His redemptive plan, as prophesied in passages like [Isaiah 43:5-7](/isaiah/43-5 "Isaiah 43:5-7 - God Gathers His People").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Lod (Hebrew, _Lod_):** One of three towns mentioned, Lod (modern-day Lydda) was a significant settlement in the Plain of Sharon, located approximately 15 miles southeast of Joppa. Its inclusion, along with Hadid and Ono, signifies the return of exiles from specific, identifiable geographical areas within the former territory of Judah. The mention of these specific towns emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the census, accounting for returnees from various locales, not just the immediate vicinity of Jerusalem. This highlights the broad scope of the post-exilic resettlement and the re-establishment of Jewish communities across the land.
* **Seven hundred twenty and one (Hebrew, _sheba‘ me’ot ve‘esrim ve’echad_):** The precise numerical count is a hallmark of ancient Near Eastern administrative and genealogical records. This exact figure is not merely a statistical detail but conveys legitimacy, order, and the tangible reality of the restoration. In a culture where lineage and communal identity were paramount, such meticulous enumeration validated the claims of these families to their ancestral land and their place within the covenant community. It underscores the careful and intentional process of rebuilding the nation, where every individual and family group was accounted for and recognized.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono,"**: This phrase identifies the specific family groups or communities by their ancestral towns of origin. In ancient Israel, people were often identified by their familial or geographical affiliation. The use of "children of" (Hebrew, _benei_) emphasizes the familial and communal bonds, indicating that these were not just individuals but established households or clans returning together. Their shared origin provided a basis for communal identity and organization within the broader returning population.
* **"seven hundred twenty and one."**: This numerical statement provides the exact total of individuals from these three specified towns who were part of the returning exiles. The precision of the number underscores the detailed nature of the census, reflecting a careful accounting of all those who were part of the post-exilic community. It serves as a tangible record of the scale of the return and the meticulous efforts made to document and organize the re-established population.

#### Literary Devices
Nehemiah 7:37, like the entire census list, primarily employs **Enumeration** and **Cataloging**. The systematic listing of family groups and their precise numbers serves to create a comprehensive record, emphasizing order and accountability. This is not merely a dry list; it is a foundational document for the re-establishment of the nation. The use of specific place names like "Lod, Hadid, and Ono" also functions as a form of **Metonymy**, where the place stands for the people originating from that place. This device efficiently identifies distinct groups within the larger body of returnees. The meticulous detail in the census, including this verse, highlights the importance of **Verisimilitude**, lending an air of historical accuracy and authenticity to the narrative of the post-exilic return. The very act of recording these details underscores the divine and human commitment to rebuilding the community on solid, identifiable foundations.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Nehemiah 7:37, embedded within the larger census, profoundly illustrates God's meticulous care for His people and His commitment to covenant promises. The precise enumeration of individuals, even from specific towns like Lod, Hadid, and Ono, reflects a divine attention to detail that extends to every person within His redemptive plan. This is not merely a human bureaucratic exercise but a testament to God's sovereign hand orchestrating the return and re-establishment of His chosen nation. It speaks to the theme of divine faithfulness, demonstrating that even after severe discipline through exile, God remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, bringing a remnant back to the promised land to continue the lineage through which the Messiah would come. The re-population of Jerusalem and surrounding towns was a crucial step in preparing the way for future salvation history, ensuring the continuity of the people of God.

* [Ezra 2:1-70](/ezra/2-1 "Ezra 2 - The List of Those Who Returned")
* [Jeremiah 29:10-14](/jeremiah/29-10 "Jeremiah 29:10-14 - Promise of Restoration")
* [Isaiah 43:5-7](/isaiah/43-5 "Isaiah 43:5-7 - God Gathers His People")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While Nehemiah 7:37 appears to be a simple historical record of names and numbers, it offers profound insights for contemporary believers. It reminds us that God is a God of order, precision, and personal knowledge. Just as He meticulously accounted for every returning exile, He knows each of us intimately, down to the number of hairs on our heads ([Matthew 10:30](/matthew/10-30 "Matthew 10:30 - God Knows Every Hair")). This verse challenges us to consider the value God places on every individual and every detail of His redemptive plan, even those we might deem mundane. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of identity and belonging within God's community. The returning exiles found their identity in their lineage and their place within the restored nation; similarly, believers today find their truest identity not in earthly affiliations but in being adopted children of God through faith in Christ ([Galatians 3:26](/galatians/3-26 "Galatians 3:26 - Children of God Through Faith")). Each person, like those from Lod, Hadid, and Ono, contributes uniquely to the collective strength and purpose of God's people, the Church.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does God's meticulous attention to detail, as seen in this census, encourage us in our own lives, particularly in areas we might consider insignificant?**
* **In what ways do we find our true identity in Christ, transcending earthly heritage or social standing, and how does this spiritual identity shape our purpose?**
* **How can we better recognize and value the unique contributions of every member within our spiritual community, reflecting God's careful accounting of each individual?**

### FAQ

**Why are these specific towns—Lod, Hadid, and Ono—mentioned in the census?**

Answer: These towns were significant settlements in the Plain of Sharon, a fertile and strategically important region west of Jerusalem. Their mention demonstrates the comprehensive nature of the census, indicating that the returning exiles were not just from Jerusalem or its immediate environs but included communities from various parts of the former kingdom of Judah. This highlights the widespread nature of the post-exilic return and the re-establishment of Jewish life across the land. The inclusion of specific towns also provided a clear record for land claims and the re-population of specific areas, essential for rebuilding the nation's infrastructure and economy.

**Is the number "seven hundred twenty and one" significant beyond its literal count?**

Answer: Yes, the precise number "seven hundred twenty and one" is highly significant. It underscores the meticulous nature of the census, which was not a casual estimate but a careful, detailed accounting. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, such precise enumeration was crucial for establishing legitimacy, validating lineage, and organizing society. The exactness of the number conveys a sense of order, accountability, and the tangible reality of the restoration. The fact that every individual was counted reflects God's sovereign hand in gathering His people, emphasizing that each person was known and valued in the divine plan for rebuilding the nation after exile. This precision also serves to authenticate the historical record, providing a verifiable account of the returning remnant.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Nehemiah 7:37 meticulously records the physical return and re-establishment of a specific people to a specific land, it subtly points forward to a greater, spiritual restoration found in Jesus Christ. The census in Nehemiah is about a physical lineage and a national identity; in Christ, we find a new, spiritual lineage and a universal identity. Just as the names of the returnees were recorded in a physical scroll, believers today have their names written in the [Lamb's Book of Life](/revelation/21-27 "Revelation 21:27 - The Book of Life"), signifying their eternal citizenship in God's kingdom. The gathering of the scattered remnant in Nehemiah foreshadows Christ's ultimate work of gathering a people for Himself from "every tribe and language and people and nation" ([Revelation 5:9](/revelation/5-9 "Revelation 5:9 - Redeemed from Every Nation")). He is the true "shepherd" who gathers His lost sheep ([Matthew 18:12](/matthew/18-12 "Matthew 18:12 - The Parable of the Lost Sheep")) and builds His church, a spiritual temple not made with human hands ([Ephesians 2:20-22](/ephesians/2-20 "Ephesians 2:20-22 - Christ the Cornerstone")). The meticulous counting in Nehemiah 7:37 assures us that God knows each individual who belongs to Him, and no one is overlooked in His grand plan of salvation, culminating in the new heavens and new earth where His redeemed people will dwell with Him forever ([Revelation 21:3](/revelation/21-3 "Revelation 21:3 - God Dwells with His People")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Chronicles 8:12

The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof:

Nehemiah 11:34

Hadid, Zeboim, Neballat,

Nehemiah 11:35

Lod, and Ono, the valley of craftsmen.

Ezra 2:33

The children of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, seven hundred twenty and five.

Nehemiah 6:2

That Sanballat and Geshem sent unto me, saying, Come, let us meet together in [some one of] the villages in the plain of Ono. But they thought to do me mischief.