Joshua 22:2

KJV

And said unto them, Ye have kept all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, and have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you:

KJV (with Strong's)

And said {H559} unto them, Ye have kept {H8104} all that Moses {H4872} the servant {H5650} of the LORD {H3068} commanded {H6680} you, and have obeyed {H8085} my voice {H6963} in all that I commanded {H6680} you:

Complete Jewish Bible

and said to them, "You have done everything Moshe the servant of ADONAI ordered you to do and heeded what I said in all the orders I gave you.

Berean Standard Bible

and told them, “You have done all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, and you have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you.

American Standard Version

and said unto them, Ye have kept all that Moses the servant of Jehovah commanded you, and have hearkened unto my voice in all that I commanded you:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Joshua 22:2 captures a pivotal moment of commendation as Joshua addresses the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, acknowledging their unwavering faithfulness and comprehensive obedience. Having diligently completed their arduous military service in the conquest of Canaan, these tribes are now formally released by Joshua to return to their ancestral homes on the east side of the Jordan River, a testament to their integrity and commitment to the covenant.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated at a crucial transition point in the book of Joshua. Chapters 13-21 detail the intricate process of land distribution among the Israelite tribes. Joshua 22 then marks the formal dismissal of the eastern tribes—Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh—who had fulfilled their earlier pledge to assist the other tribes in conquering the land before settling in their own inheritance east of the Jordan. Joshua's commendation here serves as a climactic affirmation of their covenant loyalty and sets the stage for the subsequent "altar of witness" controversy, which immediately follows in the same chapter, underscoring the deep concern for tribal unity and adherence to Yahweh's commands.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The historical backdrop is the culmination of the Israelite conquest of Canaan, a campaign that spanned approximately seven years (cf. [Joshua 11:23](/joshua/11-23 "Joshua 11:23 - The Land Rests From War") and [Joshua 14:15](/joshua/14-15 "Joshua 14:15 - The Land Had Rest From War")). Years prior, as recorded in [Numbers 32](/numbers/32 "Numbers 32 - The Request of Reuben and Gad") and reiterated by Moses in [Deuteronomy 3:18-20](/deuteronomy/3-18 "Deuteronomy 3:18-20 - Moses' Instructions to the Eastern Tribes"), these eastern tribes had committed to crossing the Jordan with their brethren and fighting alongside them until the land was subdued. This agreement was a significant covenantal obligation, and their adherence to it, despite the long separation from their families and the dangers of war, demonstrated remarkable integrity and tribal solidarity. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the keeping of such solemn vows was paramount, reflecting deeply on one's honor and faithfulness.

* **Key Themes:** Joshua's address in this verse powerfully reinforces several major themes woven throughout the book of Joshua and the Pentateuch. Central among these is **Obedience to Divine Command and Righteous Leadership**. The tribes' actions exemplify the blessings and integrity that accompany wholehearted submission to God's will, as communicated through Moses and Joshua. This echoes the foundational principle articulated in [Deuteronomy 28:1](/deuteronomy/28-1 "Deuteronomy 28:1 - Blessings for Obedience"), where obedience leads to blessing. Another prominent theme is **Covenant Faithfulness**. Their commitment to the initial agreement, even through arduous years of conflict, highlights the critical importance of honoring one's word and maintaining loyalty within the covenant community. Furthermore, the verse underscores the theme of **National Unity and Solidarity**. The eastern tribes' willingness to sacrifice their immediate settlement for the common good of all Israel solidified the bond between the tribes, demonstrating that true unity extends beyond geographical proximity. Finally, Joshua's commendation itself reinforces the theme of **Affirming Godly Leadership and Service**, as he publicly acknowledges the immense contribution and faithfulness of his people.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **kept (Hebrew, _shamar'_):** This verb, שָׁמַר (shamar), means "to keep," "to guard," "to observe," or "to diligently attend to." It implies more than mere passive adherence; it suggests an active, careful, and conscious effort to uphold, preserve, and protect the commands. The tribes didn't just follow the rules; they guarded them, demonstrating a deep respect for the authority from which they came.
* **obeyed (Hebrew, _shama'_):** The verb שָׁמַע (shama) signifies "to hear," "to listen," and crucially, "to obey." In Hebrew thought, true hearing is inextricably linked with action. To "hear" God's word means to respond to it in obedience. Here, it emphasizes that the eastern tribes not only received Joshua's instructions but actively implemented them, reflecting a complete and active compliance born of trust and commitment.
* **commanded (Hebrew, _tzavah'_):** The verb צָוָה (tzavah) means "to command," "to charge," or "to give orders." It denotes authority and the issuance of binding directives. The repetition of "commanded" (first by Moses, then by Joshua) underscores the authoritative nature of the instructions given, highlighting that the tribes' obedience was to divinely sanctioned leadership and divine law.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And said unto them,"**: This opening phrase indicates Joshua's direct, personal address to the eastern tribes. It signifies a formal and public acknowledgment, lending weight and solemnity to his words of commendation. It is a moment of official dismissal and blessing.
* **"Ye have kept all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you,"**: Joshua first references the commands given through Moses, emphasizing the continuity of divine authority. "Moses the servant of the LORD" is a foundational title that establishes the divine origin and binding nature of the Mosaic Law and the specific instructions regarding the conquest and tribal obligations (e.g., [Numbers 32](/numbers/32 "Numbers 32 - The Request of Reuben and Gad")). The phrase "kept all" highlights the comprehensive and unwavering nature of their obedience to the entirety of God's revealed will.
* **"and have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you:"**: This clause extends the commendation to their obedience to Joshua's direct leadership. It acknowledges their loyalty and submission to his specific commands during the military campaign, fulfilling the pledge they made to him in [Joshua 1:16-18](/joshua/1-16 "Joshua 1:16-18 - The People's Pledge to Joshua")). The parallel structure with the previous clause ("all that Moses... commanded" and "all that I commanded") underscores that their obedience was complete, embracing both the foundational law and the specific directives of their current leader, demonstrating a unified and disciplined commitment.

#### Literary Devices
Joshua's address in this verse employs several effective literary devices. The primary device is **Commendation** or **Affirmation**, where Joshua, as the respected leader, formally praises and validates the actions of the eastern tribes. This public acknowledgment serves to reinforce positive behavior and strengthen the bonds within the community. There is also clear **Parallelism** in the structure of the verse, contrasting "all that Moses... commanded" with "all that I commanded." This repetition emphasizes the comprehensive nature of their obedience, showing their faithfulness to both foundational divine law and the specific directives of their immediate leader. Furthermore, Joshua's words function as a powerful **Rhetorical Device**, specifically an appeal to **Ethos**. By leveraging his authority and moral standing, Joshua's affirmation carries significant weight, not only celebrating the tribes' past actions but also implicitly encouraging their continued faithfulness and unity as they return to their inheritance.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 22:2 stands as a powerful testament to the biblical principle that obedience is a cornerstone of faithfulness and a prerequisite for blessing within God's covenant. The tribes' diligent adherence to the commands of both Moses and Joshua illustrates that true faith is not merely intellectual assent but active submission to divine will and divinely appointed authority. This verse highlights the profound connection between integrity, promise-keeping, and the flourishing of God's people. Their actions underscore the importance of unity within the community of faith, demonstrating that selfless service for the collective good strengthens the entire body. The commendation serves as a model for how leaders should affirm and encourage their followers, recognizing the sacrifices and contributions made in service to God's purposes.

* [Deuteronomy 5:33](/deuteronomy/5-33 "Deuteronomy 5:33 - Walk in all the ways commanded")
* [1 Samuel 15:22](/1_samuel/15-22 "1 Samuel 15:22 - Obedience is better than sacrifice")
* [John 14:15](/john/14-15 "John 14:15 - If you love me, keep my commandments")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Joshua's commendation to the eastern tribes provides a timeless blueprint for living a life of integrity and faithfulness in the eyes of God and others. Their commitment to a promise made years prior, enduring hardship and separation for the good of the whole nation, challenges us to examine our own walk. Are we people of our word, not just when it's convenient, but especially when it demands sacrifice and perseverance? This passage calls believers to a deep and consistent obedience to God's Word, recognizing that true spiritual growth is often found in the daily, humble act of following His commands. Furthermore, it reminds us of the vital role of unity and selfless service within the body of Christ. Just as the eastern tribes fought for their brethren, we are called to bear one another's burdens, support our spiritual leaders, and prioritize the collective flourishing of the church over individual comfort. Finally, Joshua's act of affirmation teaches us the power of encouragement; acknowledging and celebrating the faithfulness of others can build up the community and inspire continued devotion.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what specific areas of your life are you being called to demonstrate unwavering obedience to God's commands, even when it requires personal sacrifice?**
* **How can you better support and affirm the godly leadership in your life, whether in your church, family, or community, recognizing their role in guiding you according to God's will?**
* **What promises or commitments have you made—to God, to family, or to others—that require faithful follow-through, and what steps can you take to honor them?**

### FAQ
**Why was Joshua's commendation of the eastern tribes so significant?**

Answer: Joshua's commendation was profoundly significant for several reasons. Firstly, it served as a public validation of the eastern tribes' integrity and faithfulness, affirming that they had honored a solemn vow made years earlier (cf. [Numbers 32](/numbers/32 "Numbers 32 - The Request of Reuben and Gad")). This official recognition prevented potential schism or resentment, reinforcing the national unity of Israel. Secondly, it highlighted the successful completion of a major phase of God's plan for Israel—the conquest and initial settlement of the Promised Land. By acknowledging their arduous, multi-year military service, Joshua underscored the collective effort and divine blessing that had brought them to this point. It was a moment of national affirmation and a powerful example of obedience leading to fulfillment.

**What does "Moses the servant of the LORD" imply about the commands mentioned in this verse?**

Answer: The title "Moses the servant of the LORD" is highly significant. It emphasizes that the commands given by Moses were not merely human directives but originated from God Himself. As God's chosen intermediary and prophet, Moses delivered divine law and instructions. Therefore, when Joshua states that the eastern tribes "kept all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you," he is essentially saying they obeyed God's commands. This elevates the significance of their obedience, framing it as faithfulness to Yahweh, the ultimate authority, and not merely to a human leader. It reinforces the continuity of God's covenant and His expectations for His people across generations.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Joshua 22:2, with its emphasis on complete and unwavering obedience, finds its ultimate fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While the eastern tribes demonstrated commendable, though imperfect, obedience to Moses and Joshua, Jesus perfectly embodied the ideal of submission to the Father's will. The New Testament consistently portrays Christ as the obedient Son who "did not please himself" ([Romans 15:3](/romans/15-3 "Romans 15:3 - Christ Did Not Please Himself")) and "learned obedience through what he suffered" ([Hebrews 5:8](/hebrews/5-8 "Hebrews 5:8 - Christ Learned Obedience")). His life, from His incarnation to His death on the cross, was a seamless act of obedience, culminating in His submission to the Father's command to lay down His life ([John 10:18](/john/10-18 "John 10:18 - Jesus Lays Down His Life")). Where Israel often faltered in keeping the commands of Moses, Jesus perfectly "kept" and "obeyed" every command, fulfilling the Law and becoming the "one man's obedience" through whom "the many will be made righteous" ([Romans 5:19](/romans/5-19 "Romans 5:19 - Obedience of One Man")). For believers, our call to obedience is no longer primarily to a written code but to Christ Himself, empowered by the indwelling Holy Spirit to walk in His footsteps, living out the love and faithfulness He exemplified ([John 15:10](/john/15-10 "John 15:10 - Abide in My Love by Keeping My Commandments"); [1 Peter 1:2](/1_peter/1-2 "1 Peter 1:2 - Obedience to Jesus Christ")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Joshua 1:12

And to the Reubenites, and to the Gadites, and to half the tribe of Manasseh, spake Joshua, saying,

Joshua 1:18

Whosoever [he be] that doth rebel against thy commandment, and will not hearken unto thy words in all that thou commandest him, he shall be put to death: only be strong and of a good courage.

Numbers 32:20

And Moses said unto them, If ye will do this thing, if ye will go armed before the LORD to war,

Numbers 32:29

And Moses said unto them, If the children of Gad and the children of Reuben will pass with you over Jordan, every man armed to battle, before the LORD, and the land shall be subdued before you; then ye shall give them the land of Gilead for a possession:

Deuteronomy 3:16

And unto the Reubenites and unto the Gadites I gave from Gilead even unto the river Arnon half the valley, and the border even unto the river Jabbok, [which is] the border of the children of Ammon;

Deuteronomy 3:20

Until the LORD have given rest unto your brethren, as well as unto you, and [until] they also possess the land which the LORD your God hath given them beyond Jordan: and [then] shall ye return every man unto his possession, which I have given you.