1 Chronicles 20:7

KJV

But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him.

KJV (with Strong's)

But when he defied {H2778} Israel {H3478}, Jonathan {H3083} the son {H1121} of Shimea {H8092} David's {H1732} brother {H251} slew {H5221} him.

Complete Jewish Bible

When he mocked Isra'el, Y'honatan the son of Shim'a David's brother killed him.

Berean Standard Bible

and when he taunted Israel, Jonathan the son of David’s brother Shimei killed him.

American Standard Version

And when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David’s brother slew him.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 20:7 recounts a pivotal moment during King David's reign, detailing how Jonathan, the son of Shimea and David's brother, decisively defeated a Philistine giant who had publicly defied Israel. This event is part of a broader series of encounters highlighting the ongoing conflict between Israel and the formidable descendants of Rapha, underscoring God's unwavering faithfulness in delivering His people through the valor of David's extended family and his mighty warriors.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is strategically placed within 1 Chronicles 20, a chapter dedicated to chronicling significant military victories achieved by David's valiant men against the Philistines. It serves as a concluding segment to the major military campaigns of David's monarchy, specifically focusing on the defeat of various giants who represented a persistent and formidable threat to Israel's security. The Chronicler, with his distinct theological agenda, emphasizes God's enduring faithfulness to His covenant with David and the establishment of his kingdom, illustrating how divine power is manifested through human agents. This account functions as a parallel narrative to [2 Samuel 21:15-22](/2_samuel/21-15-22 "2 Samuel 21:15-22 - David's Mighty Men Slaying Giants"), offering a composite and reinforcing perspective on these heroic feats and underscoring their crucial role in solidifying Israel's national security and demonstrating God's continuous protection.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The Philistines, a powerful confederation of "Sea Peoples" who had settled in the fertile coastal plain of Canaan, were Israel's most tenacious and formidable adversaries throughout the periods of the Judges and the early monarchy. Their pentapolis—comprising Gath, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, and Ekron—served as a base for frequent incursions into Israelite territory. The "giants" mentioned in this passage, identified as descendants of Rapha (Rephaim), were exceptionally large and powerful warriors, often employed by the Philistines as champions to intimidate and demoralize opposing armies. The act of "defying Israel" (from the Hebrew *charaph*) was a common ancient Near Eastern military tactic, a public taunt or challenge to single combat, designed to shame and psychologically undermine the enemy, famously exemplified by [Goliath's challenge to the armies of Israel](/1_samuel/17-4 "1 Samuel 17:4 - Goliath's Challenge to Israel"). Jonathan's decisive action was therefore not merely a military triumph but a profound restoration of Israel's honor and a powerful testament to God's sovereign power over seemingly insurmountable foes.
* **Key Themes:** The narrative in 1 Chronicles 20:7 profoundly contributes to several overarching themes woven throughout the book of Chronicles. Firstly, it highlights [God's unwavering deliverance](/psalms/18-2 "Psalm 18:2 - God, My Deliverer") of His people, demonstrating that even beyond David's personal triumph over Goliath, God continued to grant Israel victories through a diverse array of individuals, showcasing His consistent faithfulness. Secondly, the verse underscores the [valor and effectiveness of David's mighty men](/2_samuel/23-8 "2 Samuel 23:8 - David's Mighty Men"), illustrating God's strategic use of various individuals to accomplish His purposes and secure His people. Thirdly, it emphasizes the vital theme of [overcoming defiance and opposition](/psalms/27-1 "Psalm 27:1 - The Lord is My Light and My Salvation"), as the Philistine giant's act of defiance symbolizes the persistent challenges and threats faced by God's people, and Jonathan's swift action demonstrates the imperative of confronting such opposition with unwavering courage and faith. Finally, the inclusion of Jonathan, David's nephew, powerfully reinforces the theme of family loyalty and the extension of courage and commitment to God's cause within David's own lineage, echoing David's earlier exploits against giants and emphasizing the generational impact of faith.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Defied (Hebrew, _châraph'_):** This verb (H2778) signifies to pull off, expose, or figuratively, to carp at, defame, reproach, or upbraid. In a military context, it carries a strong connotation of public taunting, challenging, or insulting, often with the intent to shame or demoralize the enemy. The giant's defiance was not merely a physical threat but a psychological and spiritual assault, questioning Israel's strength and, by extension, the power of their God. Jonathan's act was thus a vindication of Israel's honor against this brazen verbal and spiritual assault.
* **Son (Hebrew, _bên'_):** This noun (H1121) refers to a son in the widest sense, including literal and figurative relationships, such as grandson, subject, or a member of a group. In this verse, it precisely defines Jonathan's familial relationship to Shimea, David's brother, thereby establishing Jonathan as David's nephew. This detail is significant as it connects the hero of the account directly to David's lineage, emphasizing the extension of valor and commitment to God's cause within David's own family.
* **Slew (Hebrew, _nâkâh'_):** This primitive root (H5221) means to strike, smite, or kill, either lightly or severely, literally or figuratively. In this context, it denotes a decisive, fatal blow. The directness and finality of the verb underscore the definitive nature of Jonathan's action, bringing an abrupt end to the giant's defiance and the immediate threat he posed. It highlights the effectiveness of God's chosen instruments in overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles with a conclusive act.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But when he defied Israel":** This initial clause sets the dramatic scene, highlighting the Philistine giant's provocative and insulting challenge. The act of "defying" was a direct affront not only to the Israelite army and its leaders but, more profoundly, to their God, Yahweh, whom Israel represented. This underscores the spiritual dimension of the conflict, where the physical battle was often a manifestation of a deeper clash of deities and worldviews, with the giant's taunts aimed at undermining Israel's faith in their divine protector.
* **"Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother":** This segment precisely identifies the hero of the account, Jonathan, and meticulously establishes his lineage. By identifying him as David's nephew (the son of Shimea, who is also known as Shammah in [1 Samuel 16:9](/1_samuel/16-9 "1 Samuel 16:9 - Shammah, David's Brother")), the Chronicler intentionally connects this victory directly to David's own family. This linkage reinforces the broader legacy of courage, faith, and military prowess that characterized David's household, demonstrating that the spirit of valor and commitment to God's cause was not confined to David alone but extended to his kin and mighty men.
* **"slew him":** This concise and powerful statement delivers the climactic resolution of the narrative. Jonathan's decisive action brings an immediate end to the giant's defiance and eliminates a significant threat to Israel's security and honor. The simplicity of the phrase belies the magnitude of the feat, powerfully highlighting the effectiveness of God's chosen instruments in overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles with divine empowerment.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices that enhance its impact and meaning. **Conciseness** is prominently displayed in the direct and unadorned statement of the action ("slew him"), focusing on the outcome rather than elaborate description, which is characteristic of the Chronicler's efficient historical reporting. There is also a strong element of **Parallelism**, as this account directly mirrors and complements the similar narratives found in [2 Samuel 21](/2_samuel/21 "2 Samuel 21 - David's Mighty Men and the Giants"), reinforcing the historical veracity and theological significance of these victories. The Philistine giant himself functions as a potent **Symbol** of overwhelming opposition and brazen defiance against God's people, making Jonathan's victory a symbolic triumph over seemingly insurmountable odds and a demonstration of divine power. Furthermore, the act of "defying Israel" carries a profound **Irony**, as the giant's attempt to demoralize and shame Israel ultimately leads to his own swift and decisive demise, showcasing the futility and self-defeating nature of opposing God's chosen nation.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This singular act of Jonathan slaying a Philistine giant serves as a powerful theological statement: God's deliverance of His people is not limited to one champion (like David over Goliath) but extends through various faithful individuals empowered by His Spirit. It underscores the ongoing nature of spiritual warfare and the necessity for God's people to confront defiance with courage and faith, trusting in the Lord who fights for them. The victory of Jonathan, a member of David's family, also reinforces the theme of God's covenant faithfulness to David's house, demonstrating that the strength and valor associated with David's reign permeated his entire lineage and kingdom. This account reminds believers that God equips and uses ordinary people for extraordinary tasks, particularly in confronting the "giants" of opposition that rise against His kingdom.

* [2 Samuel 21:15-22](/2_samuel/21-15-22 "Parallel Account of Giant Slayers")
* [Ephesians 6:12](/ephesians/6-12 "Our Struggle Against Spiritual Forces")
* [Philippians 4:13](/philippians/4-13 "Strength in Christ")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The account of Jonathan slaying the Philistine giant in 1 Chronicles 20:7 offers profound and enduring insights for contemporary believers. We, too, face various "giants" in our lives—whether they manifest as overwhelming personal challenges, persistent temptations, systemic injustices, intense spiritual opposition, or seemingly insurmountable obstacles to our faith and calling. This verse serves as a powerful reminder that God's power is not confined to ancient heroes or historical narratives; He continues to empower and equip His people today. Just as Jonathan was specifically chosen and equipped for a particular battle, we are given strength and courage through the indwelling Holy Spirit to confront the defiance and opposition we encounter in our own contexts. Our ultimate victory is not found in our own limited might, cleverness, or resources, but in trusting God's unwavering faithfulness and acting in obedient reliance upon Him. This narrative also highlights the profound importance of community and the collective strength of God's people; while Jonathan is individually highlighted, he was an integral part of a larger army and a kingdom devoted to God. This reminds us that we are called to stand together in spiritual warfare, supporting and encouraging one another as we collectively face the common adversaries and "giants" of this world.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "giants" or seemingly insurmountable challenges are you currently facing in your life that are defying your peace, progress, or faith?**
* **How does Jonathan's courage, rooted in his identity within God's people and his family's legacy, inspire you to confront your own challenges?**
* **In what practical ways can you rely more fully on God's strength and empowerment, rather than your own efforts, in overcoming opposition?**
* **How can you contribute to the collective strength, courage, and spiritual warfare efforts of your spiritual community (church, small group) as you collectively face the "giants" of this world?**

### FAQ

**Who was Jonathan, the son of Shimea?**

Answer: Jonathan, the son of Shimea, was a nephew of King David. He is identified as the son of Shimea, who was one of David's older brothers (also known as Shammah in other biblical texts like [1 Samuel 16:9](/1_samuel/16-9 "1 Samuel 16:9 - Shammah, David's Brother")). It is crucial to distinguish this Jonathan from Jonathan, the son of Saul, who was King David's beloved friend and covenant partner. This Jonathan's inclusion in the account of giant-slayers highlights the widespread valor and commitment to God's cause that extended throughout David's family and among his loyal followers, demonstrating that the spirit of courage and faith was not unique to David but was present and active in his wider lineage.

**What is the significance of "defying Israel" in this context?**

Answer: The act of "defying Israel" (from the Hebrew *charaph*) was far more than a simple military challenge; it was a profound act of public taunt, reproach, and insult. In ancient warfare, such defiance was strategically intended to demoralize the enemy army, shame their nation, and often, critically, to question the power or even the existence of their God. For the Philistine giant to defy Israel was, by extension, to defy Yahweh, the living God of Israel. Jonathan's act of slaying the giant was therefore a powerful vindication of Israel's national honor and, more importantly, a resounding affirmation of God's sovereignty and power over those who would mock His people and His holy name. It was a spiritual victory as much as it was a physical one.

**Are there other accounts of giants in the Bible, and what do they signify?**

Answer: Yes, the Bible contains several accounts of giants, often referred to as Rephaim or descendants of Rapha. The most famous account is that of Goliath, the Philistine giant whom David famously slew in [1 Samuel 17](/1_samuel/17 "1 Samuel 17 - David and Goliath"). Other giants are mentioned in [Deuteronomy 2:10-11](/deuteronomy/2-10-11 "Deuteronomy 2:10-11 - The Emim and the Anakim"), [Joshua 11:21-22](/joshua/11-21-22 "Joshua 11:21-22 - Anakim Destroyed by Joshua"), and parallel accounts to 1 Chronicles 20 found in [2 Samuel 21:15-22](/2_samuel/21-15-22 "2 Samuel 21:15-22 - Accounts of David's Mighty Men Slaying Giants"). These giants consistently symbolize overwhelming, seemingly insurmountable opposition to God's people and His divine purposes. Their defeat, whether by David, Jonathan, or other mighty men, consistently demonstrates God's omnipotent power to deliver His people from any foe, no matter how formidable, reinforcing the profound biblical theme that with God, all things are indeed possible.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The narrative of Jonathan slaying the Philistine giant, who brazenly defied Israel, powerfully foreshadows the ultimate and decisive victory of Jesus Christ over all forms of defiance and cosmic opposition. While Jonathan, a valiant member of David's earthly family, secured a physical victory over a literal giant, Jesus, the true Son of David and the eternal Son of God, achieved a cosmic and eternal victory over the spiritual giants of sin, death, and the devil. The giant's defiance of Israel finds its ultimate and profound counterpart in Satan's rebellion and his ongoing attempts to defy God's authority and enslave humanity in sin. Christ, through His perfect life, atoning death, and triumphant resurrection, confronted and decisively defeated these spiritual powers, disarming the rulers and authorities and putting them to open shame by triumphing over them on the cross ([Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Colossians 2:15 - Christ's Triumph Over Spiritual Powers")). He is the true champion who came to take away the sin of the world ([John 1:29](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God")) and, through His death, to destroy the one who has the power of death, that is, the devil ([Hebrews 2:14](/hebrews/2-14 "Hebrews 2:14 - Christ's Defeat of Death and the Devil")). Just as Jonathan's victory secured a measure of peace and security for Israel, Christ's triumph offers eternal peace, freedom, and spiritual victory to all who believe, enabling them to be "more than conquerors through Him who loved us" ([Romans 8:37](/romans/8-37 "Romans 8:37 - More Than Conquerors Through Christ")) in their own battles against the forces of darkness.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Chronicles 2:13

And Jesse begat his firstborn Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimma the third,

1 Samuel 16:9

Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this.

Isaiah 37:23

Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted [thy] voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? [even] against the Holy One of Israel.

1 Samuel 17:26

And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? for who [is] this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?

1 Samuel 17:10

And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.

1 Samuel 17:36

Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God.