What number verse is 1 Chronicles 20:7 in the Bible?

1 Chronicles 20:7 is the 10,934th verse of the Bible. Counting straight through the King James canon — all 31,102 verses from Genesis 1:1 to Revelation 22:21 — 1 Chronicles 20:7 sits at position 10,934.

20:620:6

1 Chronicles 20:7

Q: What is the significance of "defying Israel" in this context?

The act of "defying Israel" (from the Hebrew *charaph*) was far more than a simple military challenge; it was a profound act of public taunt, reproach, and insult. In ancient warfare, such defiance was strategically intended to demoralize the enemy army, shame their nation, and often, critically, to question the power or even the existence of their God. For the Philistine giant to defy Israel was, by extension, to defy Yahweh, the living God of Israel. Jonathan's act of slaying the giant was therefore a powerful vindication of Israel's national honor and, more importantly, a resounding affirmation of God's sovereignty and power over those who would mock His people and His holy name. It was a spiritual victory as much as it was a physical one.

20:820:8

Translation

King James Version

But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him.

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KJV (with Strong's)

But when he defied ^H2778 Israel ^H3478, Jonathan ^H3083 the son ^H1121 of Shimea ^H8092 David's ^H1732 brother ^H251 slew ^H5221 him.

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Complete Jewish Bible

When he mocked Isra'el, Y'honatan the son of Shim'a David's brother killed him.

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Berean Standard Bible

and when he taunted Israel, Jonathan the son of David’s brother Shimei killed him.

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American Standard Version

And when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David’s brother slew him.

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World English Bible Messianic

When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David’s brother killed him.

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Geneva Bible (1599)

And when he reuiled Israel, Iehonathan the sonne of Shimea Dauids brother did slay him.

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Young's Literal Translation

And he reproacheth Israel, and smite him doth Jonathan son of Shimea, brother of David.

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Study This Verse

SUMMARY

1 Chronicles 20:7 recounts a pivotal moment during King David's reign, detailing how Jonathan, the son of Shimea and David's brother, decisively defeated a Philistine giant who had publicly defied Israel. This event is part of a broader series of encounters highlighting the ongoing conflict between Israel and the formidable descendants of Rapha, underscoring God's unwavering faithfulness in delivering His people through the valor of David's extended family and his mighty warriors.

CONTEXT

Literary Context: This verse is strategically placed within 1 Chronicles 20, a chapter dedicated to chronicling significant military victories achieved by David's valiant men against the Philistines. It serves as a concluding segment to the major military campaigns of David's monarchy, specifically focusing on the defeat of various giants who represented a persistent and formidable threat to Israel's security. The Chronicler, with his distinct theological agenda, emphasizes God's enduring faithfulness to His covenant with David and the establishment of his kingdom, illustrating how divine power is manifested through human agents. This account functions as a parallel narrative to 2 Samuel 21:15-22, offering a composite and reinforcing perspective on these heroic feats and underscoring their crucial role in solidifying Israel's national security and demonstrating God's continuous protection.
Historical & Cultural Context: The Philistines, a powerful confederation of "Sea Peoples" who had settled in the fertile coastal plain of Canaan, were Israel's most tenacious and formidable adversaries throughout the periods of the Judges and the early monarchy. Their pentapolis—comprising Gath, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, and Ekron—served as a base for frequent incursions into Israelite territory. The "giants" mentioned in this passage, identified as descendants of Rapha (Rephaim), were exceptionally large and powerful warriors, often employed by the Philistines as champions to intimidate and demoralize opposing armies. The act of "defying Israel" (from the Hebrew charaph) was a common ancient Near Eastern military tactic, a public taunt or challenge to single combat, designed to shame and psychologically undermine the enemy, famously exemplified by Goliath's challenge to the armies of Israel. Jonathan's decisive action was therefore not merely a military triumph but a profound restoration of Israel's honor and a powerful testament to God's sovereign power over seemingly insurmountable foes.
Key Themes: The narrative in 1 Chronicles 20:7 profoundly contributes to several overarching themes woven throughout the book of Chronicles. Firstly, it highlights God's unwavering deliverance of His people, demonstrating that even beyond David's personal triumph over Goliath, God continued to grant Israel victories through a diverse array of individuals, showcasing His consistent faithfulness. Secondly, the verse underscores the valor and effectiveness of David's mighty men, illustrating God's strategic use of various individuals to accomplish His purposes and secure His people. Thirdly, it emphasizes the vital theme of overcoming defiance and opposition, as the Philistine giant's act of defiance symbolizes the persistent challenges and threats faced by God's people, and Jonathan's swift action demonstrates the imperative of confronting such opposition with unwavering courage and faith. Finally, the inclusion of Jonathan, David's nephew, powerfully reinforces the theme of family loyalty and the extension of courage and commitment to God's cause within David's own lineage, echoing David's earlier exploits against giants and emphasizing the generational impact of faith.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

Defied (Hebrew, châraph', H2778): This verb (H2778) signifies to pull off, expose, or figuratively, to carp at, defame, reproach, or upbraid. In a military context, it carries a strong connotation of public taunting, challenging, or insulting, often with the intent to shame or demoralize the enemy. The giant's defiance was not merely a physical threat but a psychological and spiritual assault, questioning Israel's strength and, by extension, the power of their God. Jonathan's act was thus a vindication of Israel's honor against this brazen verbal and spiritual assault.
Son (Hebrew, bên', H1121): This noun (H1121) refers to a son in the widest sense, including literal and figurative relationships, such as grandson, subject, or a member of a group. In this verse, it precisely defines Jonathan's familial relationship to Shimea, David's brother, thereby establishing Jonathan as David's nephew. This detail is significant as it connects the hero of the account directly to David's lineage, emphasizing the extension of valor and commitment to God's cause within David's own family.
Slew (Hebrew, nâkâh', H5221): This primitive root (H5221) means to strike, smite, or kill, either lightly or severely, literally or figuratively. In this context, it denotes a decisive, fatal blow. The directness and finality of the verb underscore the definitive nature of Jonathan's action, bringing an abrupt end to the giant's defiance and the immediate threat he posed. It highlights the effectiveness of God's chosen instruments in overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles with a conclusive act.

Verse Breakdown

"But when he defied Israel": This initial clause sets the dramatic scene, highlighting the Philistine giant's provocative and insulting challenge. The act of "defying" was a direct affront not only to the Israelite army and its leaders but, more profoundly, to their God, Yahweh, whom Israel represented. This underscores the spiritual dimension of the conflict, where the physical battle was often a manifestation of a deeper clash of deities and worldviews, with the giant's taunts aimed at undermining Israel's faith in their divine protector.
"Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother": This segment precisely identifies the hero of the account, Jonathan, and meticulously establishes his lineage. By identifying him as David's nephew (the son of Shimea, who is also known as Shammah in 1 Samuel 16:9), the Chronicler intentionally connects this victory directly to David's own family. This linkage reinforces the broader legacy of courage, faith, and military prowess that characterized David's household, demonstrating that the spirit of valor and commitment to God's cause was not confined to David alone but extended to his kin and mighty men.
"slew him": This concise and powerful statement delivers the climactic resolution of the narrative. Jonathan's decisive action brings an immediate end to the giant's defiance and eliminates a significant threat to Israel's security and honor. The simplicity of the phrase belies the magnitude of the feat, powerfully highlighting the effectiveness of God's chosen instruments in overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles with divine empowerment.

Literary Devices

The verse employs several significant literary devices that enhance its impact and meaning. Conciseness is prominently displayed in the direct and unadorned statement of the action ("slew him"), focusing on the outcome rather than elaborate description, which is characteristic of the Chronicler's efficient historical reporting. There is also a strong element of Parallelism, as this account directly mirrors and complements the similar narratives found in 2 Samuel 21, reinforcing the historical veracity and theological significance of these victories. The Philistine giant himself functions as a potent Symbol of overwhelming opposition and brazen defiance against God's people, making Jonathan's victory a symbolic triumph over seemingly insurmountable odds and a demonstration of divine power. Furthermore, the act of "defying Israel" carries a profound Irony, as the giant's attempt to demoralize and shame Israel ultimately leads to his own swift and decisive demise, showcasing the futility and self-defeating nature of opposing God's chosen nation.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

This singular act of Jonathan slaying a Philistine giant serves as a powerful theological statement: God's deliverance of His people is not limited to one champion (like David over Goliath) but extends through various faithful individuals empowered by His Spirit. It underscores the ongoing nature of spiritual warfare and the necessity for God's people to confront defiance with courage and faith, trusting in the Lord who fights for them. The victory of Jonathan, a member of David's family, also reinforces the theme of God's covenant faithfulness to David's house, demonstrating that the strength and valor associated with David's reign permeated his entire lineage and kingdom. This account reminds believers that God equips and uses ordinary people for extraordinary tasks, particularly in confronting the "giants" of opposition that rise against His kingdom.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

The account of Jonathan slaying the Philistine giant in 1 Chronicles 20:7 offers profound and enduring insights for contemporary believers. We, too, face various "giants" in our lives—whether they manifest as overwhelming personal challenges, persistent temptations, systemic injustices, intense spiritual opposition, or seemingly insurmountable obstacles to our faith and calling. This verse serves as a powerful reminder that God's power is not confined to ancient heroes or historical narratives; He continues to empower and equip His people today. Just as Jonathan was specifically chosen and equipped for a particular battle, we are given strength and courage through the indwelling Holy Spirit to confront the defiance and opposition we encounter in our own contexts. Our ultimate victory is not found in our own limited might, cleverness, or resources, but in trusting God's unwavering faithfulness and acting in obedient reliance upon Him. This narrative also highlights the profound importance of community and the collective strength of God's people; while Jonathan is individually highlighted, he was an integral part of a larger army and a kingdom devoted to God. This reminds us that we are called to stand together in spiritual warfare, supporting and encouraging one another as we collectively face the common adversaries and "giants" of this world.

Questions for Reflection

What "giants" or seemingly insurmountable challenges are you currently facing in your life that are defying your peace, progress, or faith?
How does Jonathan's courage, rooted in his identity within God's people and his family's legacy, inspire you to confront your own challenges?
In what practical ways can you rely more fully on God's strength and empowerment, rather than your own efforts, in overcoming opposition?
How can you contribute to the collective strength, courage, and spiritual warfare efforts of your spiritual community (church, small group) as you collectively face the "giants" of this world?

FAQ

Who was Jonathan, the son of Shimea?

Answer: Jonathan, the son of Shimea, was a nephew of King David. He is identified as the son of Shimea, who was one of David's older brothers (also known as Shammah in other biblical texts like 1 Samuel 16:9). It is crucial to distinguish this Jonathan from Jonathan, the son of Saul, who was King David's beloved friend and covenant partner. This Jonathan's inclusion in the account of giant-slayers highlights the widespread valor and commitment to God's cause that extended throughout David's family and among his loyal followers, demonstrating that the spirit of courage and faith was not unique to David but was present and active in his wider lineage.

What is the significance of "defying Israel" in this context?

Answer: The act of "defying Israel" (from the Hebrew charaph) was far more than a simple military challenge; it was a profound act of public taunt, reproach, and insult. In ancient warfare, such defiance was strategically intended to demoralize the enemy army, shame their nation, and often, critically, to question the power or even the existence of their God. For the Philistine giant to defy Israel was, by extension, to defy Yahweh, the living God of Israel. Jonathan's act of slaying the giant was therefore a powerful vindication of Israel's national honor and, more importantly, a resounding affirmation of God's sovereignty and power over those who would mock His people and His holy name. It was a spiritual victory as much as it was a physical one.

Are there other accounts of giants in the Bible, and what do they signify?

Answer: Yes, the Bible contains several accounts of giants, often referred to as Rephaim or descendants of Rapha. The most famous account is that of Goliath, the Philistine giant whom David famously slew in 1 Samuel 17. Other giants are mentioned in Deuteronomy 2:10-11, Joshua 11:21-22, and parallel accounts to 1 Chronicles 20 found in 2 Samuel 21:15-22. These giants consistently symbolize overwhelming, seemingly insurmountable opposition to God's people and His divine purposes. Their defeat, whether by David, Jonathan, or other mighty men, consistently demonstrates God's omnipotent power to deliver His people from any foe, no matter how formidable, reinforcing the profound biblical theme that with God, all things are indeed possible.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

The narrative of Jonathan slaying the Philistine giant, who brazenly defied Israel, powerfully foreshadows the ultimate and decisive victory of Jesus Christ over all forms of defiance and cosmic opposition. While Jonathan, a valiant member of David's earthly family, secured a physical victory over a literal giant, Jesus, the true Son of David and the eternal Son of God, achieved a cosmic and eternal victory over the spiritual giants of sin, death, and the devil. The giant's defiance of Israel finds its ultimate and profound counterpart in Satan's rebellion and his ongoing attempts to defy God's authority and enslave humanity in sin. Christ, through His perfect life, atoning death, and triumphant resurrection, confronted and decisively defeated these spiritual powers, disarming the rulers and authorities and putting them to open shame by triumphing over them on the cross (Colossians 2:15). He is the true champion who came to take away the sin of the world (John 1:29) and, through His death, to destroy the one who has the power of death, that is, the devil (Hebrews 2:14). Just as Jonathan's victory secured a measure of peace and security for Israel, Christ's triumph offers eternal peace, freedom, and spiritual victory to all who believe, enabling them to be "more than conquerors through Him who loved us" (Romans 8:37) in their own battles against the forces of darkness.

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Commentary on 1 Chronicles 20 verses 4–8

4 ¶ And it came to pass after this, that there arose war at Gezer with the Philistines; at which time Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Sippai, that was of the children of the giant: and they were subdued.

5 And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver's beam.

6 And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of great stature, whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each hand, and six on each foot: and he also was the son of the giant.

7 But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him.

8 These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

The Philistines were nearly subdued (Ch1 18:1); but, as in the destruction of the Canaanites by Joshua the sons of Anak were last subdued (Jos 11:21), so here in the conquest of the Philistines the giants of Gath were last brought down. In the conflicts between grace and corruption there are some sins which, like these giants, keep their ground a great while and are not mastered without much difficulty and a long struggle: but judgment will be brought forth unto victory at last. Observe, 1. We never read of giants among the Israelites as we do of the giants among the Philistines - giants of Gath, but not giants of Jerusalem. The growth of God's plants is in usefulness, not in bulk. Those who covet to have cubits added to their stature do not consider that it will but make then more unwieldy. In the balance of the sanctuary David far outweighs Goliath. 2. The servants of David, though men of ordinary stature, were too hard for the giants of Gath in every encounter, because they had God on their side, who takes pleasure in abasing lofty looks, and mortifying the giants that are in the earth, as he did of old by the deluge, though they were men of renown. Never let the church's friends be disheartened by the power and pride of the church's enemies. We need not fear great men against us while we have the great God for us. What will a finger more on each hand do, or a toe more on each foot, in contest with Omnipotence? 3. These giants defied Israel (Ch1 20:7) and were thus made to pay for their insolence. None are more visibly marked for ruin that those who reproach God and his Israel. God will do great things rather than suffer the enemy to behave themselves proudly, Deu 32:27. The victories of the Son of David, like those of David himself, are gradual. We see not yet all things put under him; but it will be seen shortly: and death itself, the last enemy, like these giants, will be triumphed over.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 4–8. Public domain.

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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.

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Cross-References

1 Chronicles 2:13
And Jesse begat his firstborn Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimma the third,
1 Samuel 16:9
Then Jesse made Shammah to pass by. And he said, Neither hath the LORD chosen this.
Isaiah 37:23
Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel.
1 Samuel 17:26
And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?
1 Samuel 17:10
And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.
1 Samuel 17:36
Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God.