2 Samuel 23:8

Translation
King James Version
¶ These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite: he lift up his spear against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.
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KJV (with Strong's)
These be the names H8034 of the mighty men H1368 whom David H1732 had: The Tachmonite H8461 that sat H3427 in the seat H7675 H3429, chief H7218 among the captains H7991; the same was Adino H5722 the Eznite H6112: he lift up his spear against eight H8083 hundred H3967, whom he slew H2491 at one H259 time H6471.
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Complete Jewish Bible
Following are the names of David's warrior-heroes: Yoshev-Bashevet the Tach'kmoni, chief of the three, also known as 'Adino the 'Etzni; he is the one who came against 800 men, whom he killed in a single encounter.
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Berean Standard Bible
These are the names of David’s mighty men: Josheb-basshebeth the Tahchemonite was chief of the Three. He wielded his spear against eight hundred men, whom he killed at one time.
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American Standard Version
These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb-basshebeth a Tahchemonite, chief of the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite, against eight hundred slain at one time.
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World English Bible Messianic
These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb Basshebeth a Tahchemonite, chief of the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite, against eight hundred slain at one time.
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Geneva Bible (1599)
These be the names of the mightie men whome Dauid had. He that sate in the seate of wisedome, being chiefe of the princes, was Adino of Ezni, he slewe eight hundreth at one time.
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Young's Literal Translation
These are the names of the mighty ones whom David hath: sitting in the seat is the Tachmonite, head of the captains--he is Adino, who hardened himself against eight hundred--wounded at one time.
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See also
1 Chronicles 11:111 Chronicles 11:471 Chronicles 27:21 Chronicles 27:32
See on the biblical-era map
City Plan: Jerusalem in the Time of David
City Plan: Jerusalem in the Time of David View full PDF
David’s Mighty Warriors
David’s Mighty Warriors View full PDF

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In the KJVVerse 8,662 of 31,102

Study This Verse

SUMMARY

2 Samuel 23:8 introduces the distinguished roster of King David's most formidable warriors, known collectively as his "Mighty Men." This verse highlights the unparalleled prowess of the first and chief among them, Adino the Eznite (also identified as Jashobeam in parallel accounts), recounting his astonishing feat of single-handedly overcoming eight hundred adversaries in a single, decisive engagement, thereby setting the tone for the extraordinary valor and divine enablement that characterize this elite group.

CONTEXT

  • Literary Context: This verse marks the beginning of a significant appendix in the book of 2 Samuel 2 Samuel 23:8-39, which immediately follows David's final poetic testament and precedes accounts of his last days and the succession narrative. Its placement is deliberate, serving as a powerful literary device to underscore the divine favor upon David's reign, manifested through the exceptional capabilities and unwavering loyalty of his devoted followers. This list is not merely a historical record but a testament to the loyal and formidable individuals who were instrumental in establishing and securing David's kingdom. A parallel, though slightly variant, account of these mighty men is also found in 1 Chronicles 11:10-47. The variations between the two lists are a common feature of ancient Near Eastern historical records, often reflecting different sources, emphases, or scribal traditions.
  • Historical & Cultural Context: During the formative period of the Israelite monarchy, particularly under King David's leadership, the establishment of an elite fighting force was paramount for national security, territorial expansion, and the consolidation of power. David's "Mighty Men" represented the pinnacle of military prowess and personal loyalty, functioning as a highly effective special forces unit. Their existence underscores the strategic importance of a strong, dedicated military in a nascent kingdom frequently threatened by surrounding nations. The extraordinary feats described, while potentially employing hyperbolic language common to ancient heroic literature, reflect the high cultural value placed on individual courage, martial skill, and unwavering commitment to the king and the nation. These individuals were more than mere soldiers; they were champions whose legendary deeds became an integral part of Israel's national lore, embodying the strength and divine backing that characterized David's reign.
  • Key Themes: The introduction of Adino the Eznite immediately establishes several overarching themes pertinent to this passage and the broader narrative of David's reign. Valor and Courage are paramount, showcasing individuals willing to face overwhelming odds and perform seemingly impossible feats. This is intrinsically linked to Exceptional Strength and Skill, implying not only physical prowess but also superior military training and, implicitly, divine enablement, as seen in other biblical accounts of extraordinary strength like Samson's victory over the Philistines or Gideon's strategic triumph. Furthermore, the list highlights the profound Loyalty and Dedication of these men to King David, serving as the backbone of his military and ensuring the stability of the kingdom that God had promised him. Their collective efforts contribute significantly to the theme of Divine Sovereignty and Kingdom Establishment, demonstrating how God works powerfully through human agents, even in their military endeavors, to fulfill His redemptive purposes for Israel.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

  • Mighty men (Hebrew, gibbôwr', H1368): This term (H1368) refers to powerful, valiant warriors, often denoting heroes, champions, or even tyrants. In the biblical context, it implies not only physical strength and military skill but also courage, formidable presence, and often, a sense of divine empowerment or an exceptional, almost superhuman, capability. These were not ordinary soldiers but an elite cadre, distinguished by their extraordinary feats and unwavering loyalty to David.
  • Slew (Hebrew, châlâl', H2491): Derived from H2491, this word means "pierced (especially to death)" or "polluted." In this context, it specifically refers to killing or slaying in battle. Its use here emphasizes the deadly effectiveness and destructive power of the warrior, indicating that the enemies were not merely defeated or routed, but decisively killed.
  • One time (Hebrew, ʼechâd' and paʻam', H259): This phrase combines H259 ('echâd, meaning "one" or "united") and H6471 (paʻam, meaning "a stroke," "time," or "occurrence"). Together, they emphatically convey the singular, decisive, and instantaneous nature of the warrior's feat. It highlights not just the immense number of enemies overcome but the incredible speed, efficiency, and overwhelming power with which it was accomplished in a single engagement, underscoring the warrior's dominance.

Verse Breakdown

  • "¶ These [be] the names of the mighty men whom David had:" This opening clause serves as the formal introduction to the ensuing list, immediately signaling to the reader that the following verses will enumerate an exclusive and highly esteemed group of extraordinary warriors. The phrase "whom David had" emphasizes their personal allegiance and service to King David, highlighting their integral role in his reign and military successes, and distinguishing them as his personal, elite guard.
  • "The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same [was] Adino the Eznite:" This identifies the first and most prominent of David's mighty men. The description "that sat in the seat, chief among the captains" indicates his preeminent position, likely signifying he was the leader, most distinguished, or highest-ranking among David's elite military commanders. It suggests a position of authority and honor. As noted in the key word analysis and FAQ, "Adino the Eznite" is widely considered a textual variant, with the parallel account in 1 Chronicles 11:11 identifying him as "Jashobeam, a Hachmonite" or "Joseb-basshebeth, a Tahkemonite." Despite the textual discrepancy, both accounts refer to the same legendary figure at the apex of David's warriors.
  • "[he lift up his spear] against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time." This climactic statement details the specific, astonishing feat attributed to this warrior, solidifying his reputation as the foremost of David's champions. The action of "lifting up his spear" against such a vast number and slaying them "at one time" portrays an almost superhuman level of skill, strength, and courage. While the number "eight hundred" is debated against the "three hundred" in 1 Chronicles 11:11, the clear intent is to convey an unparalleled act of martial prowess, demonstrating the warrior's overwhelming individual power and effectiveness in battle.

Literary Devices

The passage employs several literary devices to convey the extraordinary nature of David's mighty men and the awe-inspiring deeds attributed to them. Hyperbole is notably evident in the description of Adino (or Jashobeam) slaying eight hundred men "at one time." This exaggerated number, while not necessarily intended as a literal, precise count, effectively emphasizes the warrior's immense power, skill, and the overwhelming impact of his single-handed feat, elevating him to legendary status. The passage also functions as a Catalogue or List, a common literary form in ancient Near Eastern texts used to honor individuals, record achievements, and establish lineage or hierarchy. This cataloging serves to memorialize the valor of these men and underscore the strength and divine backing of David's kingdom. Finally, the account carries strong Symbolism, where the individual strength, courage, and loyalty of these warriors collectively symbolize the overall strength, stability, and divine favor that characterized David's reign, reflecting the principle that a king's power and success are often manifested through the capabilities and devotion of his most trusted servants.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

The account of David's mighty men, beginning with the extraordinary feat of Adino the Eznite, powerfully illustrates God's capacity to work through and empower individuals for His purposes, often in ways that defy human expectation and natural limitations. These warriors, though serving an earthly king and engaged in physical warfare, were instruments in the establishment and defense of God's chosen nation, Israel. Their extraordinary strength, courage, and decisive victories can be seen as a manifestation of divine enablement, much like the supernatural strength given to Samson or the strategic victories granted to Gideon with a vastly outnumbered army. This highlights the profound theological principle that God often uses human agency, even in the realm of conflict, to achieve His redemptive plans. It underscores that faithfulness and courage, when coupled with divine strength, can accomplish the seemingly impossible, reminding us that God equips those He calls, enabling them to perform deeds far beyond their natural capabilities for the advancement of His kingdom and purposes.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

The awe-inspiring account of Adino the Eznite and David's mighty men serves as a profound reminder that God often uses seemingly ordinary individuals to accomplish extraordinary feats for His kingdom. While believers today are not typically called to literal battles wielding spears against hundreds, we are undeniably called to spiritual warfare and to live lives of courage, dedication, and excellence in our own spheres of influence. The unwavering loyalty and commitment of these ancient warriors to David, their earthly king, challenges us to deeply consider the depth of our own commitment and allegiance to Christ, our ultimate King and Lord. Their willingness to face overwhelming odds with valor inspires us to confront the spiritual, personal, and societal challenges in our lives with unwavering faith, knowing that the same God who empowered them is actively at work within us through His Holy Spirit. This passage encourages us to identify our unique gifts, talents, and strengths, dedicating them fully and without reservation to God's service, and to recognize that even one person, empowered by divine grace and courage, can make a significant and lasting impact for righteousness and for the advancement of God's purposes in the world.

Questions for Reflection

  • In what specific areas of your life are you called to demonstrate courage and strength, even when facing seemingly overwhelming odds or opposition?
  • How does the unwavering loyalty of David's mighty men challenge your own commitment and dedication to Christ and the mission of His kingdom?
  • What "impossible" tasks or challenges might God be calling you to face, trusting in His supernatural empowerment rather than relying solely on your own limited strength or resources?

FAQ

Who was Adino the Eznite, and why is his name sometimes different in other Bible versions?

Answer: Adino the Eznite is identified in 2 Samuel 23:8 as the first and chief among King David's elite warriors, credited with the astonishing feat of slaying 800 men at one time. However, there is a significant textual variant when comparing this verse with its parallel account in 1 Chronicles 11:11. In 1 Chronicles, the same warrior is named "Jashobeam, a Hachmonite," and he is said to have slain 300 men. Most biblical scholars believe that "Adino the Eznite" in 2 Samuel 23:8 is likely a scribal error or corruption of the Hebrew text, and that "Jashobeam, a Hachmonite" (or "Joseb-basshebeth, a Tahkemonite" in some translations) is the more accurate original reading. The discrepancy in the number of slain (800 vs. 300) is also part of this textual issue, often attributed to scribal transmission errors or different source traditions. Regardless of the precise name or number, both accounts unequivocally intend to highlight the unparalleled strength, valor, and legendary status of David's foremost warrior.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

While 2 Samuel 23:8 celebrates the earthly might and unwavering loyalty of David's elite warriors, it ultimately points forward to the ultimate Warrior-King, Jesus Christ. David's mighty men fought valiantly to establish and defend an earthly kingdom, but Christ, the greater Son of David, came to establish an eternal, spiritual kingdom that will never end (Luke 1:32-33). Adino's single-handed triumph over 800 enemies, though a remarkable earthly feat, foreshadows Christ's decisive and singular victory over the ultimate spiritual forces of darkness, sin, and death on the cross (Colossians 2:15). He is the true "chief among the captains," leading His church—His "mighty men" and women—in spiritual warfare against the schemes of the devil (Ephesians 6:10-12). Just as David's men were empowered for their physical battles, Christ's followers are empowered by the Holy Spirit to proclaim the gospel, overcome temptation, and live victorious lives as part of His kingdom mission (Acts 1:8). The unwavering loyalty of David's champions to their king serves as a profound model for our own unwavering allegiance to Christ, who has been given all authority in heaven and on earth and commissions us to make disciples of all nations (Matthew 28:18-20). Ultimately, the strength, valor, and dedication of David's men find their perfect and complete fulfillment in the person and redemptive work of Jesus, who conquered the greatest enemies and established a kingdom that is everlasting.

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Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers . Public domain.
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BedeAD 735
Questions on the Book of Kings #9
"He is like the most delicate worm of wood." [2 Samuel 23:8] This is said of the wisest leader of David’s mighty men, whose name indeed is not mentioned in the Book of Kings, but in the Book of Chronicles he is called Jeshbaam and is noted to have been the son of Hachmoni (I Chron. XI). "He is like the most delicate worm of wood" (II Sam. XXIII, 8). This signifies both the man’s martial strength and his modest civility, as he appeared, like a woodworm, indeed tender and fragile in his whole body, and even very small, yet nonetheless consumed and hollowed out the strongest wood, rendering it decayed. Hence, the woodworm takes its name from gnawing through wood. In the same way, he seemed to be affable to all at home, quiet and humble; yet in public battle, he showed himself to be a lion, strong and unbearable to his enemies.
Richard ChallonerAD 1781
Most tender: He appeared like one tender and weak, but was indeed most valiant and strong. It seems the Latin has here given the interpretation of the Hebrew name of the hero, to whom Jesbaham was like, instead of the name itself, which was Adino the Eznite, one much renowned of old for his valour.
Richard ChallonerAD 1781
Jesbaham: The son of Hachamoni. For this was the name of this hero, as appears from 1 Chron. or Paralip. 11.-- Ibid.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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