Matthew 5:19

KJV

Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach [them], the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

KJV (with Strong's)

Whosoever {G3739}{G1437} therefore {G3767} shall break {G3089} one {G3391} of these {G5130} least {G1646} commandments {G1785}, and {G2532} shall teach {G1321} men {G444} so {G3779}, he shall be called {G2564} the least {G1646} in {G1722} the kingdom {G932} of heaven {G3772}: but {G1161} whosoever {G3739}{G302} shall do {G4160} and {G2532} teach {G1321} them, the same {G3778} shall be called {G2564} great {G3173} in {G1722} the kingdom {G932} of heaven {G3772}.

Complete Jewish Bible

So whoever disobeys the least of these mitzvot and teaches others to do so will be called the least in the Kingdom of Heaven. But whoever obeys them and so teaches will be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven.

Berean Standard Bible

So then, whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches others to do likewise will be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever practices and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

American Standard Version

Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven: but whosoever shall do and teach them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Matthew 5:19 encapsulates Jesus' profound affirmation of the enduring authority and comprehensive nature of God's Law, challenging any notion of its trivialization. It delineates a clear contrast between those who disregard even the seemingly "least" of God's commands and teach others to do likewise, and those who diligently obey and faithfully teach them. Jesus declares that one's posture toward God's revealed will—both in personal conduct and public instruction—directly impacts their standing, honor, or influence within the present and future reality of the kingdom of heaven.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is a pivotal statement within Jesus' [Sermon on the Mount](/matthew/5 "The Sermon on the Mount"), specifically following His declaration in [Matthew 5:17-18](/matthew/5-17-18 "Jesus Fulfills the Law and the Prophets") that He did not come to abolish the Law or the Prophets, but to fulfill them. It serves as a direct elaboration on the implications of His mission concerning the Mosaic Law. Jesus is establishing a new standard of righteousness, one that surpasses the external, often superficial, observance of the scribes and Pharisees, as further emphasized in [Matthew 5:20](/matthew/5-20 "Matthew 5:20 - Righteousness Exceeding the Scribes and Pharisees"). The immediate context underscores the continuity and divine authority of God's commands, setting the stage for Jesus' subsequent re-interpretations and deeper applications of the Law throughout the remainder of [Matthew 5](/matthew/5 "Matthew Chapter 5").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In first-century Judaism, the Torah (Law) was central to identity and piety. Rabbinic tradition often categorized commandments as "heavy" (important) or "light" (less important), though all were considered divine. Jesus' statement challenges any human-made hierarchy that might lead to the neglect of certain commands. The "kingdom of heaven" was a prevalent concept, signifying God's sovereign rule, which Jews anticipated would be fully established on earth. While many expected a political kingdom, Jesus consistently redefines it as a spiritual reality that has both present and future dimensions, entered through repentance and faith, and characterized by obedience to God's will, as taught in [Matthew 3:2](/matthew/3-2 "Matthew 3:2 - Repent, for the Kingdom of Heaven is Near"). His teaching here would have been revolutionary, asserting His own authority as the ultimate interpreter of the Law, even over established rabbinic traditions.
* **Key Themes:** Matthew 5:19 contributes significantly to several key themes in the Gospel of Matthew and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it reinforces the **enduring authority and integrity of God's Law**, demonstrating that every part of God's revealed will, no matter how seemingly insignificant, carries divine weight. Secondly, it highlights the theme of **true righteousness**, emphasizing that genuine discipleship involves not just hearing but also actively "doing" God's commands, as Jesus later stresses in [Matthew 7:24-27](/matthew/7-24-27 "Matthew 7:24-27 - The Wise and Foolish Builders"). Thirdly, the verse underscores the **responsibility of teaching**, particularly for those who would lead others in the kingdom. It warns against undermining God's truth and commends those who faithfully transmit it. Finally, it speaks to the **nature of the kingdom of heaven**, clarifying that while salvation is by grace, there are varying degrees of honor or standing within the kingdom, based on faithfulness and obedience, a concept echoed in passages like [Luke 19:11-27](/luke/19-11-27 "The Parable of the Ten Minas").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **break (Greek, _lýō'_):** From G3089, meaning "to loosen" (literally or figuratively), "destroy," "dissolve," or "put off." In this context, it signifies to annul, disregard, or treat as invalid. Jesus uses it to convey the profound seriousness of undermining or failing to uphold God's commandments, implying a deliberate act of setting aside or making void the divine standard.
* **least (Greek, _eláchistos'_):** From G1646, a superlative form meaning "least" in size, amount, or dignity; very little or smallest. This word is used twice in the verse. First, it refers to the "least commandments," emphasizing that even the seemingly minor or less significant commands of God are not to be dismissed. Second, it refers to being "called the least" in the kingdom, indicating a position of diminished honor or influence, not exclusion from the kingdom itself.
* **teach (Greek, _didáskō'_):** From G1321, meaning "to teach" in a broad application. This highlights the dual responsibility Jesus places on His followers: not only to obey God's commands themselves ("do") but also to instruct others in them. The verse contrasts teaching a disregard for the Law with teaching its faithful observance, underscoring the immense impact and accountability associated with spiritual instruction.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Whosoever therefore shall break one of these least commandments, and shall teach men so,"**: This opening clause establishes the negative scenario. "Whosoever" indicates a universal principle applicable to anyone. "Therefore" links back to Jesus' affirmation of the Law in [Matthew 5:17-18](/matthew/5-17-18 "Jesus Fulfills the Law and the Prophets"). To "break" a commandment implies not merely a failure to obey, but an active disregard or a deliberate act of undermining its authority. The phrase "one of these least commandments" emphasizes that no part of God's revealed will, however minor it may seem to human perception, is to be treated lightly. The addition "and shall teach men so" highlights the severe consequence of not only personal disobedience but also influencing others to adopt a similar dismissive attitude toward God's standards.
* **"he shall be called the least in the kingdom of heaven:"**: This clause presents the consequence for the one who breaks and teaches against the commandments. To be "called the least" does not imply exclusion from the kingdom but rather a diminished status, honor, or influence within it. The "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's sovereign rule, which is both a present reality (entered by faith and obedience) and a future consummation. This consequence speaks to a loss of reward or recognition, rather than a loss of salvation, which is by grace through faith.
* **"but whosoever shall do and teach [them],"**: This clause introduces the contrasting, positive scenario, marked by the adversative "but." It describes the faithful disciple. "Whosoever" again emphasizes the universal applicability. The phrase "shall do and teach [them]" sets forth the ideal of comprehensive obedience and faithful instruction. It's not enough to merely know the commands; one must embody them in action ("do") and then accurately transmit them to others ("teach"). This demonstrates a deep reverence for God's authority and a commitment to His truth.
* **"the same shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven."**: This final clause presents the consequence for the obedient and faithful teacher. Just as the "least" implies diminished honor, being "called great" signifies a position of high honor, influence, and reward within the kingdom of heaven. This greatness is not a matter of human pride but a divine recognition of faithful stewardship and diligent obedience to God's will, both personally and in teaching others. It serves as an encouragement for disciples to pursue a life of integrity and faithful service.

#### Literary Devices
Matthew 5:19 is rich in literary devices that enhance its message. The most prominent is **Antithesis**, where two opposing ideas are placed in juxtaposition to create a strong contrast. Here, the "one who breaks and teaches so" is contrasted with "the one who does and teaches," leading to diametrically opposed outcomes: "called the least" versus "called great" in the kingdom of heaven. This stark contrast powerfully underscores the critical importance of obedience and faithful teaching. **Parallelism** is also evident, as the two halves of the verse mirror each other in structure, reinforcing the comparative nature of the teaching. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" functions as a central **Metaphor**, representing God's active rule and reign, which is both a present spiritual reality and a future eschatological hope. This metaphorical language grounds the ethical instruction in a theological framework of divine sovereignty and ultimate accountability.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Matthew 5:19 stands as a testament to the enduring significance of God's moral law within the new covenant, not as a means of salvation, but as the standard for kingdom living and a reflection of God's character. It clarifies that Jesus' fulfillment of the Law does not abrogate its ethical demands but rather intensifies them, calling for an obedience rooted in the heart. The verse highlights that true discipleship involves both personal adherence to God's will and faithful stewardship of His truth in teaching others. This integrity of life and doctrine is not merely a suggestion but a foundational principle for those who claim citizenship in God's kingdom, impacting their honor and influence within that divine realm. It underscores that while grace alone saves, our works demonstrate the reality of our faith and contribute to our eternal reward.

* [Matthew 7:21](/matthew/7-21 "Matthew 7:21 - Doing the Father's Will")
* [James 2:10](/james/2-10 "James 2:10 - Breaking the Law")
* [1 Corinthians 3:13-15](/1_corinthians/3-13-15 "1 Corinthians 3:13-15 - Rewards for Service")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Matthew 5:19 calls believers to a profound and holistic commitment to God's Word. It challenges us to examine our attitudes toward all of Scripture, recognizing that even the "least" of God's commands are expressions of His divine will and wisdom. This verse compels us to move beyond superficial obedience, urging us to diligently "do" what God commands, allowing His truth to shape every aspect of our lives—our thoughts, words, and actions. Furthermore, it places a weighty responsibility on anyone who teaches or influences others, whether formally from a pulpit or informally in daily conversations. We are called to handle God's Word with utmost integrity, never diminishing its authority or relevance for the sake of convenience, popularity, or personal preference. Our faithfulness in both obedience and teaching reflects our reverence for God and has eternal implications for our standing and usefulness in His kingdom, reminding us that our lives are a testimony to the truth we proclaim.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life might I be tempted to dismiss certain commandments as "least" or less important?**
* **How does my personal obedience (or lack thereof) align with what I teach or advocate to others about God's Word?**
* **What does it mean for me to be "great" in the kingdom of heaven, and how does this motivate my daily choices?**

### FAQ
**Does "least in the kingdom of heaven" mean one is not saved?**

Answer: No, the phrase "least in the kingdom of heaven" does not imply a loss of salvation. The context of the Sermon on the Mount, and indeed the entire New Testament, clearly teaches that salvation is a gift of God's grace, received through faith in Jesus Christ, not by perfect obedience to the Law (e.g., [Ephesians 2:8-9](/ephesians/2-8-9 "Ephesians 2:8-9 - Salvation by Grace Through Faith")). Instead, Jesus is speaking about varying degrees of honor, reward, or influence within the kingdom. Those who disregard God's commands and lead others astray will have a diminished standing, while those who faithfully obey and teach will be highly esteemed. It's a matter of spiritual stature and commendation, not eternal destiny. The very fact that they are "in the kingdom" indicates their salvation.

**What does Jesus mean by "least commandments"?**

Answer: In Jewish tradition, commandments were sometimes categorized as "heavy" or "light" based on their perceived importance or difficulty. However, Jesus' statement here challenges any human attempt to diminish the importance of any part of God's Law. By "least commandments," Jesus emphasizes that *all* of God's commands, down to their seemingly most minor details, carry divine authority and are significant in His eyes. He is not endorsing a hierarchy of importance but rather condemning the attitude that would allow one to disregard any part of God's revealed will. This aligns with the principle that God's Law is a unified whole, as seen in [James 2:10](/james/2-10 "James 2:10 - Breaking the Law").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Matthew 5:19 finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who perfectly embodies the "great" one in the kingdom of heaven. Unlike those who would break or diminish the commandments, Jesus Himself lived a life of flawless obedience, fulfilling every jot and tittle of the Law, as declared in [Matthew 5:17](/matthew/5-17 "Matthew 5:17 - Jesus Fulfills the Law"). He is the only one who truly "did" God's will without blemish, serving as our perfect example and the righteous standard by which all humanity falls short ([Hebrews 4:15](/hebrews/4-15 "Hebrews 4:15 - Jesus, Our Sinless High Priest")). Furthermore, Jesus perfectly "taught" the commandments, not only explaining their true spiritual depth and intent, as seen throughout the Sermon on the Mount, but also commissioning His disciples to teach "all things whatsoever I have commanded you" ([Matthew 28:19-20](/matthew/28-19-20 "Matthew 28:19-20 - The Great Commission")). Our ability to "do and teach" these commandments is not by our own strength but by the power of the Holy Spirit, whom Christ sends to indwell and empower us ([John 14:26](/john/14-26 "John 14:26 - The Holy Spirit, the Helper")). Thus, our standing as "great" in the kingdom is ultimately derived from our union with Christ and His perfect obedience imputed to us, enabling us to live out and proclaim His righteous standards as a response to His grace.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Deuteronomy 12:32

What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it.

James 2:10

For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one [point], he is guilty of all.

James 2:11

For he that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. Now if thou commit no adultery, yet if thou kill, thou art become a transgressor of the law.

Matthew 28:20

Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, [even] unto the end of the world. Amen.

Romans 13:8

Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law.

Romans 13:10

Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love [is] the fulfilling of the law.

Matthew 11:11

Verily I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist: notwithstanding he that is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.