Amos 3
Israel's Unique Relationship and Imminent Judgment 1–2
The Certainty of Cause and Effect 3–8
Foreign Nations Witness Samaria's Doom 9–12
Destruction of Idolatry and Luxury 13–15
Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain
Study Notes for Amos 3
Verse 1
the whole family — The word is spoken 'against' the family 'which I brought up from the land of Egypt', as in 2:10. 'Family' (mishpachah) is also the word of the next verse's 'all the families of the earth' and of the promise to Abraham, 'in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed' (Gen 12:3).
Verse 2
You only have I known — Yada, to know, is knowing by relationship and choice, as of Abraham: 'For I know him, that he will command his children' (Gen 18:19). With the privilege comes accountability: 'unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required' (Luke 12:48). 'Punish' is paqad, to visit, the verb of 3:14.
Verse 3
Can two walk together — 'Agreed' is yaad, to meet by appointment, the verb of 'there I will meet with thee' (Ex 25:22), said of the place where the LORD met Israel. Walking together presupposes a meeting. Enoch 'walked with God' (Gen 5:22).
Verse 4
Will a lion roar — 'Roar' (sha'ag) and 'cry out', literally give a voice (nathan qol), are the words of 1:2, where the LORD 'will roar from Zion, and utter his voice'. A lion roars when it has taken prey, so the roar of 1:2 implies the prey is already in hand. 'Young lion' (kephir) is also the LORD's own title in Hos 5:14.
Verse 6
shall there be evil in a city — 'Evil' (ra'ah) is calamity, set against 'peace' in 'I make peace, and create evil' (Isa 45:7). The trumpet is the city's alarm, 'A day of the trumpet and alarm' (Zeph 1:16). The question teaches that disaster in a city comes from the LORD's hand.
Verse 7
he revealeth his secret — 'Secret' (sod) is counsel, the word of 'who hath stood in the counsel of the LORD' (Jer 23:18). Before Sodom fell the LORD asked, 'Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do' (Gen 18:17). Rev 10:7 speaks of the mystery of God 'as he hath declared to his servants the prophets'.
Verse 8
who can but prophesy — 'Prophesy' is naba. Amos names the compulsion of his own call: 'the LORD took me as I followed the flock, and the LORD said unto me, Go, prophesy unto my people Israel' (7:15). The apostles speak in the same way: 'we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard' (Acts 4:20). 'The lion hath roared' returns the roar of 1:2 and 3:4.
Verse 9
Publish in the palaces at Ashdod — Ashdod is a Philistine city already under sentence (1:8), and Egypt is the land Israel came from (v.1). 'Palaces' (armon) is the word of the fires in chapters 1–2, here used of palaces in Egypt. 'Tumults' (me'humot) are confusions, and the people are summoned to 'behold' them upon 'the mountains of Samaria'.
Verse 10
they know not to do right — 'Right' is nekochah, straightforwardness, a word found only here and in Isa 26:10, 30:10 ('prophesy not unto us right things') and 59:14 ('equity cannot enter'). 'Violence' (chamas) is the word of 6:3, and 'robbery' (shod) is the word rendered 'desolation' in Hos 12:1. These are what they 'store up' in their palaces.
Verse 11
an adversary — The fulfilment is recorded in Kings: 'Shalmaneser king of Assyria' came up against Hoshea (2 Kgs 17:3), 'besieged' Samaria 'three years' (2 Kgs 17:5), and in the ninth year 'took Samaria' (2 Kgs 17:6). 'Adversary' is tsar, one who crowds in on every side, and 'round about' fits a siege.
Verse 12
out of the mouth of the lion — The law said of a flock animal torn by a beast, 'let him bring it for witness' (Ex 22:13), so the shepherd would not have to repay. 'Taken out' is natsal, to rescue, the verb of David's 'delivered it out of his mouth' (1 Sam 17:35). Of Samaria's people only a fragment is rescued, 'the corner of a bed'.
Verse 14
the altars of Bethel — 'Visit' (paqad) is the verb of v.2. Bethel's altar was Jeroboam's, where he set one of his two golden calves (1 Kgs 12:28–29), and Josiah later 'brake down' that altar (2 Kgs 23:15). The 'horns of the altar' were what a fugitive grasped, as Adonijah 'caught hold on the horns of the altar' (1 Kgs 1:50).
Verse 15
houses of ivory — Ahab built 'the ivory house which he made' (1 Kgs 22:39). The 'winter house' (as in Jer 36:22) and 'summer house' (as in Judg 3:20, 'a summer parlour') mark a household with a dwelling for each season. The 'beds of ivory' of 6:4 belong to the same wealth.