2 Chronicles 10:15

KJV

So the king hearkened not unto the people: for the cause was of God, that the LORD might perform his word, which he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

KJV (with Strong's)

So the king {H4428} hearkened {H8085} not unto the people {H5971}: for the cause {H5252} was of God {H430}, that the LORD {H3068} might perform {H6965} his word {H1697}, which he spake {H1696} by the hand {H3027} of Ahijah {H281} the Shilonite {H7888} to Jeroboam {H3379} the son {H1121} of Nebat {H5028}.

Complete Jewish Bible

So the king didn't listen to the people; and that was something God brought about, so that ADONAI could fulfill his word, which he had spoken through Achiyah from Shiloh to Yarov'am the son of N'vat.

Berean Standard Bible

So the king did not listen to the people, and indeed this turn of events was from God, in order that the LORD might fulfill the word that He had spoken through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam son of Nebat.

American Standard Version

So the king hearkened not unto the people; for it was brought about of God, that Jehovah might establish his word, which he spake by Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Second Chronicles 10:15 encapsulates the profound theological truth that undergirds the tragic division of the united monarchy of Israel. It reveals that King Rehoboam's stubborn refusal to alleviate the people's burdens, which directly triggered the schism, was not merely a political miscalculation or a human failing, but a divinely orchestrated event. This seemingly disastrous human choice served as the precise means by which the LORD fulfilled His previously declared word through the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam, thereby establishing the northern kingdom of Israel and demonstrating God's absolute sovereignty over human history.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This pivotal verse is strategically placed by the Chronicler at the climax of the narrative detailing the succession crisis following King Solomon's death. The preceding verses [2 Chronicles 10:1-14](/2_chronicles/10-1-14 "2 Chronicles 10:1-14 - Rehoboam's Folly and the People's Plea") meticulously recount the people's earnest plea to Rehoboam for relief from the burdensome taxation and forced labor imposed during Solomon's reign. Rehoboam's initial consultation with the wise elders, who advocated a compassionate, servant-hearted approach to secure the people's loyalty, is contrasted sharply with his subsequent rejection of their counsel in favor of the harsh, domineering advice from his youthful peers. His infamous declaration, "My father made your yoke heavy, and I will add to your yoke: my father also chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions" [2 Chronicles 10:14](/2_chronicles/10-14 "2 Chronicles 10:14 - Rehoboam's Harsh Reply"), sets the stage for the inevitable and immediate schism. Verse 15 then provides the interpretive key, asserting that Rehoboam's obstinacy was not simply a human error but a divinely purposed event, framing the political disaster within God's overarching plan.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The historical setting is the early 10th century BCE, a period of immense tension and transition after the opulent but demanding reign of Solomon. The united kingdom, a legacy of David and Solomon, was under significant internal strain. The northern tribes, with their distinct historical identity and grievances (rooted in the historical significance of the Shechem assembly and their traditional independence), felt disproportionately burdened by Solomon's extensive building projects and administrative demands. Culturally, the practice of a new king seeking counsel upon ascending the throne was customary, a means of demonstrating wisdom and securing popular support. However, Rehoboam's disdainful rejection of the seasoned elders' advice in favor of his inexperienced contemporaries was a profound cultural misstep, signaling a dangerous embrace of autocratic power and a disregard for traditional wisdom. The resulting division into two distinct kingdoms—Judah in the south and Israel in the north—would have profound and lasting consequences, shaping the political, religious, and social landscape of the ancient Near East for centuries, leading to divergent spiritual paths and frequent conflict.
* **Key Themes:** The preeminent theme in [2 Chronicles 10:15](/2_chronicles/10-15 "2 Chronicles 10:15 - Divine Sovereignty in Kingdom Division") is **Divine Sovereignty**, powerfully illustrating God's ultimate control over human history and even the seemingly autonomous choices of individuals. Rehoboam's stubbornness, born of pride and folly, was paradoxically integrated into God's overarching plan. This highlights that God can utilize human actions, even sinful or misguided ones, to achieve His righteous purposes without being the author of sin. Closely intertwined is the theme of **Fulfillment of Prophecy**. The verse explicitly states that God acted "that the LORD might perform his word," directly referencing the prophecy delivered by Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam, found in [1 Kings 11:29-39](/1_kings/11-29 "1 Kings 11:29-39 - Ahijah's Prophecy to Jeroboam"). This prophecy foretold the tearing away of ten tribes from Solomon's kingdom due to his idolatry and unfaithfulness. Thus, the division of the kingdom, while immediately triggered by Rehoboam's poor leadership, was fundamentally a divine judgment and the outworking of God's revealed will, underscoring the theme of **Consequences of Disobedience**. Solomon's spiritual decline, detailed in [1 Kings 11:1-13](/1_kings/11-1 "1 Kings 11:1-13 - Solomon's Idolatry and God's Judgment"), was the ultimate root cause, demonstrating that God's judgments, though sometimes delayed, are certain and just.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **hearkened (Hebrew, _shâmaʻ'_):** From H8085, this primitive root means "to hear intelligently," often implying attention, understanding, and crucially, obedience. In this context, "hearkened not" signifies Rehoboam's deliberate refusal to listen to and obey the counsel of the elders and the legitimate grievances of the people. It underscores his willful disregard for wisdom and his rejection of the responsibilities of a servant-leader, highlighting his pride and folly.
* **cause (Hebrew, _nᵉçibbâh'_):** From H5252, this feminine participle passive means "an environment," "circumstance," or "turn of affairs." Here, "the cause was of God" (literally, "the turn of affairs was from God") asserts divine causality. It indicates that the situation, though appearing to be a result of human decision-making, was ultimately orchestrated by God. This phrase does not negate Rehoboam's responsibility but places his actions within the larger framework of God's sovereign plan, demonstrating God's ability to providentially direct events.
* **perform (Hebrew, _qûwm'_):** From H6965, this primitive root means "to rise," but in a causative sense, "to establish," "to confirm," or "to fulfill." When applied to God's word, as here, it emphasizes the absolute reliability, efficacy, and certainty of His declarations. God's "performing" His word means He brings it to pass, ensuring that His prophecies and decrees are not empty pronouncements but active forces that shape history according to His will.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"So the king hearkened not unto the people:"** This opening clause describes Rehoboam's decisive and negative response to the people's petition. It highlights his personal agency and responsibility for the ensuing division, emphasizing his pride, lack of discernment, and ultimate rejection of sound, compassionate leadership. His choice was a deliberate act of defiance against wise counsel.
* **"for the cause was of God,"** This is the Chronicler's crucial theological interpretation of Rehoboam's actions. It provides the divine rationale behind the human event, asserting that Rehoboam's obstinacy, while a genuine human decision, was providentially orchestrated by God. This phrase elevates the narrative beyond a simple account of political folly to a profound statement about divine sovereignty, demonstrating God's active hand in human affairs.
* **"that the LORD might perform his word,"** This clause states the ultimate purpose of God's intervention. God's orchestration of events was not arbitrary but specifically designed to bring about the fulfillment of a prior divine declaration. This underscores God's unwavering faithfulness to His prophetic utterances and His active involvement in history to ensure His purposes are realized, demonstrating the reliability and power of His word.
* **"which he spake by the hand of Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam the son of Nebat."** This final clause identifies the specific prophecy being fulfilled. It refers to the divine message delivered through the prophet Ahijah, promising Jeroboam the leadership over ten tribes due to Solomon's idolatry and unfaithfulness. This direct reference links the immediate historical event back to God's long-standing plan and judgment against the house of David, providing a comprehensive theological explanation for the kingdom's division.

#### Literary Devices
The Chronicler employs several significant literary devices in [2 Chronicles 10:15](/2_chronicles/10-15 "2 Chronicles 10:15 - God's Hand in Rehoboam's Decision"). **Divine Irony** is powerfully evident in Rehoboam's actions: his attempt to assert absolute power and control, characterized by his harsh words, paradoxically becomes the very means by which God dismembers his kingdom. His prideful decision, intended to strengthen his rule, leads directly to its diminishment, demonstrating that human will, even when rebellious, can be subsumed into God's greater purposes. **Foreshadowing** is also a key element, as the verse explicitly references the prophecy of Ahijah, which had been delivered years prior. This highlights the long-term, pre-ordained nature of God's plan, showing that the events unfolding are not random but the inevitable outworking of a divine decree. Finally, the verse is a prime example of **Narrative Theology**, a hallmark of the Chronicler's work. Rather than simply reporting historical facts, the Chronicler consistently interprets events through a theological lens, emphasizing God's active involvement, sovereignty, and justice in the affairs of Israel. The explicit declaration "the cause was of God" transforms a political blunder into a profound theological statement about divine control and the reliability of God's word.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The profound theological implication of [2 Chronicles 10:15](/2_chronicles/10-15 "2 Chronicles 10:15 - Divine Sovereignty and Prophetic Fulfillment") lies in its powerful affirmation of God's absolute sovereignty over human affairs, even when those affairs involve human sin, folly, and rebellion. While Rehoboam's decision was genuinely his own, driven by pride and poor judgment, the Chronicler asserts that this very decision was ultimately "of God" to fulfill His prophetic word. This does not absolve Rehoboam of responsibility, nor does it imply that God causes sin; rather, it demonstrates God's ability to providentially work through human choices, even sinful ones, to accomplish His righteous and predetermined purposes. It underscores the reliability of God's word, showing that what He declares will inevitably come to pass, and that no human action can thwart His ultimate plan. This perspective offers immense comfort and a call to trust in God's overarching wisdom, even when circumstances appear chaotic or unjust from a human vantage point.

* [Proverbs 21:1](/proverbs/21-1 "Proverbs 21:1 - The King's Heart in God's Hand")
* [Isaiah 46:10](/isaiah/46-10 "Isaiah 46:10 - God Declares the End from the Beginning")
* [Romans 9:18](/romans/9-18 "Romans 9:18 - God's Mercy and Hardening")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The message of [2 Chronicles 10:15](/2_chronicles/10-15 "2 Chronicles 10:15 - Trusting God's Plan") offers profound comfort and challenge for believers today. In a world often characterized by political turmoil, social unrest, and human folly, this verse reminds us that God remains on His throne, sovereign over all. Even when leaders make disastrous decisions, or when events seem to spiral out of control, we can rest in the knowledge that God is working His purposes, often through means we cannot comprehend or that appear counterintuitive. This truth should cultivate a deep trust in His plan, even amidst adversity, and a confident assurance in the unfailing nature of His word. Furthermore, while God's sovereignty is paramount, the narrative does not excuse Rehoboam's pride or foolishness. We are still called to exercise wisdom, seek godly counsel, and make righteous choices, knowing that we are fully accountable for our actions. Our responsibility to obey and seek God's will is not negated by His sovereignty; rather, it is framed within it, compelling us to live faithfully, trusting that God can and will weave our obedience, and even our imperfections, into His grand tapestry of redemption.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the truth of God's sovereignty in 2 Chronicles 10:15 impact your perspective on current events or personal challenges, especially when human decisions seem to lead to negative outcomes?**
* **In what areas of your life do you need to surrender control and trust more fully in God's overarching plan, even when circumstances seem chaotic or contrary to your desires?**
* **Considering Rehoboam's failure to heed wise counsel, what practical steps can you take to ensure you are seeking and listening to godly wisdom from trusted advisors and the Scriptures in your own decision-making?**

### FAQ

**Does God force people to sin, or is Rehoboam still responsible for his actions?**

Answer: This is a crucial theological distinction. [2 Chronicles 10:15](/2_chronicles/10-15 "2 Chronicles 10:15 - God's Sovereignty and Human Responsibility") states that "the cause was of God," indicating divine orchestration. However, this does not mean God forced Rehoboam to sin or implanted sin into his heart. The biblical narrative clearly portrays Rehoboam's decision as a result of his own pride, folly, and rejection of wise counsel [2 Chronicles 10:8-14](/2_chronicles/10-8-14 "2 Chronicles 10:8-14 - Rehoboam's Folly and Stubbornness"). God's sovereignty works through, not against, human free will and responsibility. He can use human actions, even sinful ones, to accomplish His righteous purposes without being the author of sin. Rehoboam was fully accountable for his choices, yet God providentially used those choices to fulfill His prophetic word and bring about His predetermined plan for the kingdom. This concept is often referred to as "compatibilism," where divine sovereignty and human responsibility coexist in a way that is ultimately beyond full human comprehension but affirmed by Scripture.

**Why did God choose to divide the kingdom? Was it an act of punishment or part of a larger plan?**

Answer: The division of the kingdom was primarily a divine judgment against King Solomon's idolatry and unfaithfulness, as explicitly stated in [1 Kings 11:11-13](/1_kings/11-11-13 "1 Kings 11:11-13 - God's Judgment on Solomon's Disobedience"). God had warned Solomon that if he turned away from the covenant, the kingdom would be torn from him. While God, in His mercy, delayed the full judgment until after Solomon's death for the sake of David, the division was an inevitable consequence of Solomon's disobedience. Thus, it was an act of righteous judgment, demonstrating God's holiness and His commitment to His covenant. However, it was also part of God's larger, sovereign plan to establish the northern kingdom of Israel and to continue His covenant purposes through the line of David in Judah, ultimately leading to the Messiah. God's judgment is always purposeful, often serving both retributive and redemptive ends.

**What is the significance of Ahijah's prophecy in this context?**

Answer: Ahijah's prophecy, delivered to Jeroboam in [1 Kings 11:29-39](/1_kings/11-29-39 "1 Kings 11:29-39 - Ahijah's Prophecy of Kingdom Division to Jeroboam"), is foundational to understanding [2 Chronicles 10:15](/2_chronicles/10-15 "2 Chronicles 10:15 - Fulfillment of Ahijah's Prophecy"). It revealed God's intention to tear ten tribes from Solomon's kingdom and give them to Jeroboam, explicitly linking this action to Solomon's idolatry. The significance lies in demonstrating God's absolute faithfulness to His word. Even years after the prophecy was given, God actively intervened in human affairs, using Rehoboam's stubbornness, to ensure that His declared will was perfectly "performed" or fulfilled. It underscores the reliability and power of God's prophetic word, proving that what God says, He will do. It also highlights that God's plan is not reactive but proactive, unfolding according to His predetermined counsel.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The profound theological truth unveiled in [2 Chronicles 10:15](/2_chronicles/10-15 "2 Chronicles 10:15 - God's Sovereignty in Christ") finds its ultimate and most glorious fulfillment in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. Just as God sovereignly orchestrated Rehoboam's foolish decision to fulfill His prophetic word and advance His purposes, so too did God sovereignly orchestrate the entire sweep of redemptive history, culminating in the incarnation, life, atoning death, and triumphant resurrection of Jesus. The crucifixion of Christ, though carried out by wicked human hands, was not a random tragedy but occurred "according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God" [Acts 2:23](/acts/2-23 "Acts 2:23 - God's Plan in Christ's Crucifixion"). God used the ultimate act of human sin—the murder of His Son—to accomplish the ultimate act of divine love and redemption, providing salvation for humanity. Unlike Rehoboam, who sought to increase burdens and wield oppressive power, Jesus, the true and eternal King, came to lighten burdens and offer profound rest to weary souls [Matthew 11:28-30](/matthew/11-28-30 "Matthew 11:28-30 - Jesus' Invitation to Rest"). He is the ultimate fulfillment of all prophecies, the one in whom all God's promises find their resounding "Yes" and "Amen" [2 Corinthians 1:20](/2_corinthians/1-20 "2 Corinthians 1:20 - God's Promises in Christ"). The division of the earthly kingdom foreshadowed a greater spiritual division between those who follow the true King and those who reject Him, yet Jesus ultimately unites all who believe in Him under His benevolent and eternal reign, establishing a kingdom that will never be divided or destroyed [Isaiah 9:6-7](/isaiah/9-6-7 "Isaiah 9:6-7 - Prophecy of Christ's Eternal Kingdom"); [Hebrews 1:1-3](/hebrews/1-1-3 "Hebrews 1:1-3 - Christ as God's Final Revelation"). In Christ, we see the perfect King whose heart is always aligned with the Father's will, ensuring that God's word of salvation is perfectly performed and eternally established.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Samuel 2:25

If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them.

1 Kings 11:29

And it came to pass at that time when Jeroboam went out of Jerusalem, that the prophet Ahijah the Shilonite found him in the way; and he had clad himself with a new garment; and they two [were] alone in the field:

1 Kings 11:39

And I will for this afflict the seed of David, but not for ever.

Isaiah 19:14

The LORD hath mingled a perverse spirit in the midst thereof: and they have caused Egypt to err in every work thereof, as a drunken [man] staggereth in his vomit.

2 Chronicles 25:16

And it came to pass, as he talked with him, that [the king] said unto him, Art thou made of the king's counsel? forbear; why shouldest thou be smitten? Then the prophet forbare, and said, I know that God hath determined to destroy thee, because thou hast done this, and hast not hearkened unto my counsel.

2 Chronicles 25:20

But Amaziah would not hear; for it [came] of God, that he might deliver them into the hand [of their enemies], because they sought after the gods of Edom.

1 Kings 22:20

And the LORD said, Who shall persuade Ahab, that he may go up and fall at Ramothgilead? And one said on this manner, and another said on that manner.