1 Chronicles 14:15

KJV

And it shall be, when thou shalt hear a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees, [that] then thou shalt go out to battle: for God is gone forth before thee to smite the host of the Philistines.

KJV (with Strong's)

And it shall be, when thou shalt hear {H8085} a sound {H6963} of going {H6807} in the tops {H7218} of the mulberry trees {H1057}, that then thou shalt go out {H3318} to battle {H4421}: for God {H430} is gone forth {H3318} before {H6440} thee to smite {H5221} the host {H4264} of the Philistines {H6430}.

Complete Jewish Bible

When you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the balsam trees, move out, and attack; because God has gone out ahead of you to defeat the army of the P'lishtim."

Berean Standard Bible

As soon as you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the balsam trees, move out to battle, because this will mean that God has marched out before you to strike the camp of the Philistines.”

American Standard Version

And it shall be, when thou hearest the sound of marching in the tops of the mulberry-trees, that then thou shalt go out to battle; for God is gone out before thee to smite the host of the Philistines.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 14:15 captures a pivotal moment in King David's reign, revealing God's precise and supernatural guidance for military engagement. Following an initial victory, the persistent Philistine threat necessitated a renewed divine strategy. This verse records God's instruction to David: to await an unmistakable sound in the tops of the mulberry trees, signaling that the Lord Himself had gone forth as the vanguard, assuring victory over the Philistine host.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within a crucial period of King David's reign, immediately after his anointing as king over all Israel and his establishment of Jerusalem as the capital. [1 Chronicles 14:1-7](/1_chronicles/14-1 "1 Chronicles 14:1-7 - David's Reign Established") details his consolidation of power and the building of his palace. The Philistines, Israel's perennial adversaries, respond to David's growing strength by launching an attack, as recounted in [1 Chronicles 14:8](/1_chronicles/14-8 "1 Chronicles 14:8 - Philistine Attack"). David, unlike his predecessor Saul, consistently seeks divine counsel before engaging in battle, leading to an initial decisive victory ([1 Chronicles 14:9-12](/1_chronicles/14-9 "1 Chronicles 14:9-12 - David's First Victory")). However, the Philistines regroup and return, necessitating a second, distinct divine strategy, which is the focus of [1 Chronicles 14:15](/1_chronicles/14-15 "1 Chronicles 14:15 - God's Specific Guidance for Battle"), emphasizing God's direct involvement in Israel's military affairs.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Historically, the Philistines were a formidable coastal people who had long posed a significant military and cultural threat to Israel, particularly during the period of the Judges and King Saul. Their presence in the Valley of Rephaim (mentioned in the parallel account in [2 Samuel 5:18](/2_samuel/5-18 "2 Samuel 5:18 - Valley of Rephaim")) indicates their proximity to Jerusalem and their intent to challenge David's sovereignty. Culturally, ancient Near Eastern warfare often involved omens and divinations, but David's consistent practice of inquiring of Yahweh set him apart from pagan kings and even from Saul, who eventually resorted to forbidden means ([1 Samuel 28:6-7](/1_samuel/28-6 "1 Samuel 28:6-7 - Saul's Desperation")). The 'mulberry trees' (Hebrew: _beka'im_), likely balsam trees or poplars, were a natural feature of the valley, but the 'sound of going' in their tops was clearly understood as a supernatural phenomenon, a divine signal rather than a natural occurrence, signifying God's direct intervention.

* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within 1 Chronicles and the broader biblical narrative. Foremost is the theme of **Divine Guidance**, demonstrating God's willingness to provide specific, unmistakable direction to His people when they seek His will, contrasting sharply with human reliance on strength or strategy alone. It underscores **God's Sovereignty** over all aspects of life, including warfare, asserting that ultimate victory belongs to Him, not to human armies ([Psalm 20:7](/psalms/20-7 "Psalm 20:7 - Trust in the Lord")). The narrative also highlights the critical importance of **Obedience and Timing**, as David's success hinges on his patient adherence to God's precise instructions and waiting for the divine signal. Finally, it reinforces the concept of **Spiritual Warfare**, portraying the physical conflict with the Philistines as an arena where God Himself actively intervenes, fighting for His people and ensuring the triumph of His purposes, a theme echoed throughout the Old Testament, from the Exodus ([Exodus 14:14](/exodus/14-14 "Exodus 14:14 - The Lord Will Fight for You")) to the conquest of Canaan.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **mulberry trees (Hebrew, _beka'im'_):** This term (בְּכָאִים) is debated among scholars, with translations ranging from "mulberry trees" (KJV, ESV) to "balsam trees" (NIV) or even "poplar trees." The root may relate to "weeping" or "dropping," perhaps referring to sap or the rustling sound of their leaves. However, the exact species is less significant than their location in the Valley of Rephaim and their role as the specific locus for God's supernatural sign. The ordinary nature of the trees contrasts sharply with the extraordinary sound emanating from them, underscoring the divine origin of the phenomenon.
* **sound of going (Hebrew, _qol tze'adah'_):** The phrase ק֣וֹל צְעָדָה֙ literally translates to "voice/sound of marching" or "stepping." This is not merely the natural rustling of leaves in the wind but a distinct, audible manifestation, akin to the sound of an army marching. It signifies the movement of a divine host, perhaps angelic forces, or the very presence of God Himself, moving ahead of David's army to prepare the way and strike fear into the enemy. It is an unmistakable, supernatural signal, designed to be clearly discerned by David.
* **gone forth before thee (Hebrew, _yatza Elohim l'fanekha'_):** This powerful declaration, יָצָא אֱלֹהִים לְפָנֶיךָ, literally means "God has gone out before you." It vividly portrays God as the vanguard, leading the charge, clearing the path, and engaging the enemy first. This imagery assures David that the victory is not dependent on his military might or strategic brilliance, but on God's active, preceding intervention. It echoes ancient Near Eastern concepts of a divine warrior leading his people into battle, but here it is Yahweh, the true God of Israel, who takes the lead.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And it shall be, when thou shalt hear a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees":** This opening clause establishes the condition for David's action. It emphasizes that the divine instruction is not to act immediately but to wait for a specific, audible, and supernatural sign. The "sound of going" (or marching) in the treetops, specifically the 'beka'im' trees, serves as an unmistakable signal, a divine cue that transcends natural phenomena and requires careful discernment and patience on David's part.
* **"[that] then thou shalt go out to battle":** This is the direct command, contingent upon the fulfillment of the preceding condition. It highlights the importance of divine timing and obedience. David is not to initiate the battle based on his own assessment or eagerness, but only once the supernatural signal is received. This precise timing is crucial for securing victory and demonstrates David's disciplined reliance on God's strategy.
* **"for God is gone forth before thee to smite the host of the Philistines":** This concluding clause provides the divine rationale and assurance for the command. The "sound of going" is explicitly identified as God's own movement – He has "gone forth" as the divine vanguard, leading the charge. This declaration transforms the battle from a human conflict into a divine one, guaranteeing victory because God Himself is actively engaged in "smiting" (striking down, defeating) the Philistine army. It removes any doubt about the outcome, provided David obeys.

#### Literary Devices
The passage employs several potent **Literary Devices** to convey its profound theological message. Central to the verse is the **Symbolism** of the 'sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees.' This audible phenomenon serves as a tangible, unmistakable sign of God's invisible presence and active intervention. The ordinary trees become extraordinary conduits for divine communication, symbolizing that God can use any part of His creation to reveal His will and presence. Furthermore, the phrase 'God is gone forth before thee' utilizes **Anthropomorphism**, attributing human-like action (going forth, leading an army) to God. This vivid imagery makes God's active involvement in the battle relatable and assures David of His tangible support, even though God is spirit. This divine action also functions as a **Divine Omen**, a supernatural sign given by God to confirm His will and to encourage His servant, distinct from pagan divination. It is a clear, unambiguous signal that validates David's inquiry and empowers his subsequent obedience, demonstrating God's direct and personal engagement with His chosen king.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This passage profoundly illustrates the biblical truth that God is not a distant, passive deity but an active, intervening Lord who orchestrates history and fights for His people. It underscores the necessity of seeking God's specific will and waiting for His timing, rather than rushing into action based on human wisdom or presumption. The 'sound of going' signifies God's tangible presence and His role as the divine warrior who goes before His people, ensuring victory. This principle extends beyond physical warfare to all areas of life, reminding believers that true success and deliverance come from God's leading and power, not human strength. It establishes a pattern of divine partnership, where human obedience unlocks divine intervention, reinforcing the covenantal relationship between God and His people.

* [Exodus 14:14](/exodus/14-14 "Exodus 14:14 - The Lord Will Fight for You")
* [Joshua 5:13-15](/joshua/5-13 "Joshua 5:13-15 - Commander of the Lord's Army")
* [Psalm 44:3-5](/psalms/44-3 "Psalm 44:3-5 - God's Deliverance, Not Our Own Strength")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
For believers today, 1 Chronicles 14:15 offers profound and enduring lessons on navigating life's challenges. Just as David faced formidable Philistine threats, we encounter various 'battles'—spiritual, relational, professional, or personal—that can feel overwhelming. This passage calls us to emulate David's posture of humble dependence: to consistently seek God's specific guidance rather than relying solely on our own wisdom, experience, or strength. It teaches us the vital importance of patience and discernment, urging us to wait for God's clear signal and perfect timing, even when circumstances press for immediate action. The assurance that 'God is gone forth before thee' provides immense comfort and confidence, reminding us that we do not fight alone. Our victory is ultimately secured by His active presence and power, not by our own might. Therefore, our primary task is not to strategize independently, but to listen attentively, obey promptly, and trust implicitly in the Lord who goes before us to secure our triumph.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life are you currently facing a "battle" or significant challenge? Have you truly sought God's specific guidance for it?**
* **What "sound of going" might God be trying to communicate to you today, indicating His leading or timing? Are you patiently waiting for His clear signal, or are you tempted to rush ahead?**
* **How does the truth that "God is gone forth before thee" impact your confidence and approach to your current challenges? How can you cultivate a deeper trust in His active presence?**

### FAQ
**What exactly were the "mulberry trees" and why were they significant?**

Answer: The Hebrew term for "mulberry trees" is _beka'im_ (בְּכָאִים), which scholars debate, suggesting it could refer to balsam trees, poplars, or other trees known for a rustling sound. The precise species is less important than their location in the Valley of Rephaim, a strategic battleground. Their significance lies not in their botanical identity but in their role as the specific, identifiable location where God chose to manifest a supernatural sign. The 'sound of going' in their tops was not natural wind but an unmistakable, divine signal, making these ordinary trees the site of an extraordinary revelation of God's active presence and leading in battle. This specificity ensured David would know precisely when and where God was acting.

**Was this a common way for God to communicate with His people in the Old Testament?**

Answer: While God communicated in various ways in the Old Testament—through prophets, dreams, visions, the Urim and Thummim, and direct audible voice—this specific manifestation of a "sound of going" in trees was unique to this particular instance with David. It served as a highly contextual and unmistakable sign for a crucial military engagement. It highlights God's sovereignty in choosing how and when to reveal His will, often tailoring His communication to the specific needs and circumstances of His servant. Other examples of unique divine communication include the burning bush for Moses ([Exodus 3:2-4](/exodus/3-2 "Exodus 3:2-4 - The Burning Bush")), or the still small voice for Elijah ([1 Kings 19:12](/1_kings/19-12 "1 Kings 19:12 - The Still Small Voice")).

**How does this passage apply to believers facing "spiritual warfare" today?**

Answer: 1 Chronicles 14:15 offers profound principles for spiritual warfare. Just as David sought God's strategy for a physical battle, believers are called to seek divine guidance for spiritual conflicts ([Ephesians 6:10-18](/ephesians/6-10 "Ephesians 6:10-18 - The Armor of God")). The "sound of going" symbolizes God's active presence and leading. In spiritual battles, we are assured that God goes before us, fighting on our behalf, and that the victory is ultimately His ([Romans 8:37](/romans/8-37 "Romans 8:37 - More Than Conquerors")). Our role is to discern His will, obey His timing, and trust in His power, rather than relying on our own strength or wisdom. It emphasizes that spiritual victory is not achieved through human effort alone but through humble dependence on the Lord who has already "gone forth" to secure our triumph.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 1 Chronicles 14:15 vividly portrays God as the divine warrior leading His people to victory, its ultimate fulfillment is found in Jesus Christ. David, as king, foreshadows the greater King, Jesus, who is not merely led by God, but is God Himself, the ultimate General of the heavenly hosts. The 'sound of going' in the trees, signaling God's advance, points to the unseen, yet powerful, work of Christ who has already 'gone forth' to conquer sin, death, and the powers of darkness through His crucifixion and resurrection ([Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Colossians 2:15 - Triumph Over Principalities")). He is the true [Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God"), but also the Lion of Judah who has triumphed ([Revelation 5:5](/revelation/5-5 "Revelation 5:5 - The Lion of Judah")). For the believer, the assurance that 'God is gone forth before thee' is realized in Christ, who has already secured the decisive victory over our greatest enemies. We are called to follow Him, our Captain of Salvation ([Hebrews 2:10](/hebrews/2-10 "Hebrews 2:10 - Captain of Salvation")), knowing that He leads us in triumph ([2 Corinthians 2:14](/2_corinthians/2-14 "2 Corinthians 2:14 - Led in Triumph")). Our spiritual battles are fought from a position of victory already secured by our Christ, who has gone before us and made the way.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Isaiah 13:4

The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together: the LORD of hosts mustereth the host of the battle.

Acts 2:2

And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting.

Micah 2:12

¶ I will surely assemble, O Jacob, all of thee; I will surely gather the remnant of Israel; I will put them together as the sheep of Bozrah, as the flock in the midst of their fold: they shall make great noise by reason of [the multitude of] men.

Micah 2:13

The breaker is come up before them: they have broken up, and have passed through the gate, and are gone out by it: and their king shall pass before them, and the LORD on the head of them.

Philippians 2:12

¶ Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.

Philippians 2:13

For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of [his] good pleasure.

Isaiah 45:1

¶ Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut;