Psalms 83:5

KJV

For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee:

KJV (with Strong's)

For they have consulted {H3289}{H8738)} together {H3162} with one consent {H3820}: they are {H3772}{H8799)} confederate {H1285} against thee:

Complete Jewish Bible

With one mind they plot their schemes; the covenant they have made is against you

Berean Standard Bible

For with one mind they plot together, they form an alliance against You—

American Standard Version

For they have consulted together with one consent; Against thee do they make a covenant:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Psalms 83:5 profoundly illuminates the deliberate and unified nature of the enemies arrayed against God's people, Israel. It unveils a sophisticated and deeply committed conspiracy, emphasizing that diverse nations have not merely stumbled into conflict but have actively "consulted together with one consent" and formed a binding "confederacy." Crucially, this alliance is explicitly directed "against thee," signifying that their ultimate target is not just Israel, but God Himself. This verse sets the urgent tone for the Psalmist's fervent plea for divine intervention against a threat perceived as both existential for Israel and a direct affront to the Lord's honor and sovereignty.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Psalm 83 is a communal lament, a fervent prayer from the Levitical musician Asaph (or a guild descendant) for God's intervention against a formidable coalition of nations threatening Israel. The Psalm adheres to a classic lament structure, commencing with an urgent cry for God to act (vv. 1-2), meticulously detailing the enemies' malicious intent (vv. 3-8), and culminating in a passionate petition for divine judgment and vindication (vv. 9-18). Verse 5, strategically positioned within the "complaint" or "description of the enemy" section, serves as a pivotal bridge. It transitions from the general declaration of the enemies' plotting in verse 3 to the specific enumeration of the confederate nations in [Psalm 83:6-8](/psalms/83-6-8 "Psalm 83:6-8 - The Confederate Nations"). This verse precisely defines the *nature* of their opposition—its unity and deliberate malice—before identifying the *actors* involved, thereby intensifying the perceived threat.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The precise historical setting for Psalm 83 remains a subject of scholarly debate, with suggestions ranging from the time of King Jehoshaphat (as recorded in [2 Chronicles 20](/2_chronicles/20 "2 Chronicles 20 - Jehoshaphat's Victory")) to later periods of post-exilic threats. Regardless of the specific historical moment, the Psalm vividly reflects a recurring geopolitical reality for ancient Israel: being surrounded by hostile nations, frequently forming alliances to challenge Israel's very existence and, by extension, the sovereignty of Yahweh. The concept of "confederacy" (Hebrew: *berit*) was profoundly significant, denoting a solemn and binding covenant or alliance. While covenants could be for peace, here it unequivocally signifies a hostile, formal agreement. The cultural understanding deeply embedded in Israelite thought was that an attack on God's chosen people was, in essence, an attack on God Himself, as powerfully illustrated by the imagery in [Zechariah 2:8](/zechariah/2-8 "Zechariah 2:8 - Touching God's Apple of His Eye"), where those who touch Israel touch the "apple of His eye." This underscores the profound spiritual dimension inherent in what might otherwise appear to be purely political or military conflicts.
* **Key Themes:** Psalms 83:5 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the Psalm and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully underscores the theme of **Unified Opposition**, portraying the enemies not as disparate threats but as a cohesive, single-minded force. This formidable unity makes their plot particularly menacing and seemingly insurmountable. Secondly, it highlights the **Spiritual Dimension of Conflict**, revealing that the ultimate target of the confederacy is not merely Israel's land or people, but God's very name and honor. The explicit phrase "against thee" (referring to God) elevates the conflict from a geopolitical struggle to a cosmic battle for divine supremacy, a theme echoed in [Psalm 2:1-2](/psalms/2-1-2 "Psalm 2:1-2 - The Raging Nations"). Lastly, it implicitly introduces the theme of **Divine Justice and Vindication**, as the Psalmist's subsequent appeal is for God to rise and demonstrate His sovereignty over these unified, rebellious forces, thereby upholding His own glory and ensuring that all may "know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth" ([Psalm 83:18](/psalms/83-18 "Psalm 83:18 - God's Name and Sovereignty")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Consulted (Hebrew, יָעַץ, _yâʻats_):** This verb (H3289) signifies more than casual discussion; it implies deep deliberation, strategic planning, and the formation of a concerted plan or plot. It suggests a calculated and intentional decision-making process, indicating that the enemies' actions are not spontaneous or accidental but the result of careful, perhaps clandestine, counsel and a determined purpose to "devise" a harmful scheme.
* **One consent (Hebrew, לֵב, _lêb_):** While the KJV translates "one consent," the underlying Hebrew (H3820, combined with 'echad, "one") literally means "one heart." This powerful idiom conveys a profound unity of mind, purpose, and intention. It emphasizes the complete agreement and shared resolve among the confederates. Their opposition is not fragmented or hesitant but proceeds from a singular, unified will, making their threat particularly potent and terrifying, as their "heart" is fully engaged in this malicious endeavor.
* **Confederate (Hebrew, כָּרַת, _kârath_):** The verb translated "confederate" (H3772) literally means "to cut." This refers to the ancient practice of "cutting a covenant" (כָּרַת בְּרִית, _kârath bᵉrîyth_), which was a solemn and binding agreement, often involving the cutting of animals as a ritualistic pledge to seal the pact. Here, it denotes the formation of a formal, binding alliance or league. The use of this term underscores the gravity and permanence of the enemies' hostile alliance; they have entered into a sacred, albeit wicked, commitment to act together.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"For they have consulted together with one consent:":** This initial clause powerfully establishes the deliberate and unified nature of the enemies' plot. It reveals that the various hostile nations have not merely acted in parallel or by coincidence but have actively convened, meticulously planned, and reached a complete, unwavering consensus regarding their malicious intentions. The phrase "with one consent" (literally "with one heart") emphasizes the singular, unwavering resolve and shared purpose that binds them in their conspiracy, highlighting a deep-seated, collective animosity.
* **"they are confederate against thee:":** This second clause clarifies both the outcome and the ultimate target of their unified consultation. It states that they have formed a formal, binding alliance (a "confederacy"), sealed by a solemn commitment. Crucially, this alliance is directed not merely against Israel, but explicitly "against thee"—against God Himself. This elevates the conflict from a geopolitical struggle to a profound theological one, implying that the enemies' ultimate aim is to undermine God's sovereignty, invalidate His covenant with Israel, and erase His name from the earth.

#### Literary Devices
Psalms 83:5 employs several potent literary devices to convey the gravity and insidious nature of the threat. **Personification** is evident in the portrayal of diverse nations acting with a single "heart" and purpose, as if they are one unified, malevolent entity plotting against God. This collective agency amplifies their perceived power and menace. **Hyperbole** is used to emphasize the overwhelming unity and resolve of the enemies; while unlikely to be literally "one heart," the phrase powerfully conveys their complete agreement and coordinated effort, underscoring the formidable challenge they present. Furthermore, an implicit **Antithesis** is present: the formidable, unified conspiracy of human nations stands in stark contrast to the singular, unchallengeable power of God, to whom the Psalmist appeals. This stark contrast highlights the desperate need for divine intervention against such a seemingly overwhelming human force, emphasizing God's unique ability to scatter such determined alliances.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Psalms 83:5 offers profound theological insights into the nature of opposition against God and His people. It reveals that human conspiracies, even those seemingly directed at earthly kingdoms or specific groups, often possess a deeper, spiritual dimension, ultimately arrayed against the divine will and sovereignty. The unity of the enemies, far from being a sign of their invincibility, serves as a dramatic backdrop against which God's singular power and ability to scatter such alliances will be magnified. This verse reminds us that God's honor and reputation are intrinsically linked to the fate of His people, compelling Him to act decisively against those who seek to obliterate His name from the earth. It affirms that God is not a passive observer but an active defender of His covenant and His people, demonstrating His ultimate authority over all earthly powers.

* [Psalm 2:1-4](/psalms/2-1-4 "Psalm 2:1-4 - The Nations Rage Against God's Anointed")
* [Isaiah 8:9-10](/isaiah/8-9-10 "Isaiah 8:9-10 - God's Plan Cannot Be Thwarted")
* [Acts 4:27-28](/acts/4-27-28 "Acts 4:27-28 - Unified Opposition Against Jesus")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Psalms 83:5 provides a timeless lens through which believers can understand and respond to opposition in their own lives and in the world. It reminds us that forces arrayed against truth, justice, and the advancement of God's kingdom are often deliberate, unified, and rooted in an underlying animosity towards God Himself. This discernment is crucial, preventing us from viewing all challenges as random or merely personal, and instead recognizing the spiritual dimension of many conflicts. In the face of such formidable, unified opposition, the verse calls us to emulate the Psalmist: not to despair, but to turn to God in fervent prayer, trusting in His ultimate sovereignty and His unwavering commitment to vindicate His name and protect His people. It encourages us to find our security not in human alliances or strategies, but in the God who can scatter the most determined conspiracies with a single word, reminding us that "if God is for us, who can be against us?" ([Romans 8:31](/romans/8-31 "Romans 8:31 - God Is For Us")). Our confidence rests not in the weakness of our enemies, but in the omnipotence of our God.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does recognizing the "unified consent" of opposition change your perspective on spiritual battles you may be facing?**
* **In what ways might current societal or cultural trends reflect a "confederacy against thee" (against God)?**
* **What is your immediate reaction when you perceive a formidable, unified threat against the Church or Christian values? How does this verse encourage you to respond?**
* **How can understanding that opposition is ultimately "against God" strengthen your faith and resolve in difficult times, knowing His honor is at stake?**

### FAQ
**Who are the specific nations mentioned as "confederate" in this Psalm?**

Answer: While Psalms 83:5 describes the *nature* of their unity, the subsequent verses, [Psalm 83:6-8](/psalms/83-6-8 "Psalm 83:6-8 - List of God's Enemies"), explicitly list the confederate nations. These include the tents of Edom, the Ishmaelites, Moab, the Hagarenes, Gebal, Ammon, Amalek, the Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre, and even Assyria (which is often identified with the historical Assyrian empire or a broader northern power). This comprehensive list indicates a widespread, formidable alliance from all directions surrounding Israel, highlighting the existential threat they posed.

**Does this Psalm describe a specific historical event, or is it a general prayer for protection?**

Answer: Biblical scholars debate the precise historical context of Psalm 83. Some suggest it refers to specific historical events, such as the invasion during the reign of King Jehoshaphat (as recounted in [2 Chronicles 20](/2_chronicles/20 "2 Chronicles 20 - Jehoshaphat's Victory")) or other periods of intense regional conflict. Others view it as a more generalized communal lament, reflecting the perennial threats faced by Israel throughout its history from various hostile neighbors. Regardless of a single definitive historical event, the Psalm powerfully captures the recurring reality of God's people facing unified opposition, making its message applicable across different eras. The core theological truth remains: God's people are often targeted by unified forces, and their ultimate appeal is to God's sovereign power to intervene, as the Psalmist urgently pleads throughout [Psalm 83](/psalms/83 "Psalm 83 - A Prayer for God's Judgment on His Enemies").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Psalms 83:5, with its vivid depiction of a unified confederacy against God and His people, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The earthly powers, both political and religious, "consulted together with one consent" to oppose God's ultimate Anointed One, the Messiah. From the plotting of the Jewish religious leaders to the collaboration of Herod and Pilate, as powerfully recounted in [Acts 4:27-28](/acts/4-27-28 "Acts 4:27-28 - Opposition to Jesus and the Early Church"), we witness the very essence of this verse played out: "For truly in this city there were gathered together against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, along with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place." This unified opposition, though seemingly overwhelming, was ultimately part of God's sovereign plan to bring about salvation. The cross, the very instrument of their confederacy's apparent triumph, became the means by which Christ disarmed and triumphed over all spiritual principalities and powers, making a public spectacle of them ([Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Colossians 2:15 - Christ's Triumph Over Powers")). Thus, the ultimate "confederacy against thee" was decisively defeated by the Lamb of God, who, through His resurrection, established His eternal reign, ensuring that no human or demonic alliance can ever thwart God's ultimate purposes or overcome His Church, the new Israel ([Matthew 16:18](/matthew/16-18 "Matthew 16:18 - The Church Built on Christ")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Psalms 2:2

The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD, and against his anointed, [saying],

Isaiah 8:9

¶ Associate yourselves, O ye people, and ye shall be broken in pieces; and give ear, all ye of far countries: gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces; gird yourselves, and ye shall be broken in pieces.

Isaiah 8:10

Take counsel together, and it shall come to nought; speak the word, and it shall not stand: for God [is] with us.

Revelation 19:19

And I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against him that sat on the horse, and against his army.

Revelation 17:13

These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast.

Proverbs 21:30

¶ [There is] no wisdom nor understanding nor counsel against the LORD.

John 11:47

Then gathered the chief priests and the Pharisees a council, and said, What do we? for this man doeth many miracles.