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Commentary on Judges 16 verses 22–31
Though the last stage of Samson's life was inglorious, and one could wish there were a veil drawn over it, yet this account here given of his death may be allowed to lessen, though it does not quite roll away, the reproach of it; for there was honour in his death. No doubt he greatly repented of his sin, the dishonour he had by it done to God and his forfeiture of the honour God had put upon him; for that God was reconciled to him appears, 1. By the return of the sign of his Nazariteship (Jdg 16:22): His hair began to grow again, as when he was shaven, that is, to be as thick and as long as when it was cut off. It is probable that their general thanksgiving to Dagon was not long deferred, before which Samson's hair had thus grown, by which, and the particular notice taken of it, it seems to have been extraordinary, and designed for a special indication of the return of God's favour to him upon his repentance. For the growth of his hair was neither the cause nor the sign of the return of his strength further than as it was the badge of his consecration, and a token that God accepted him as a Nazarite again, after the interruption, without those ceremonies which were appointed for the restoration of a lapsed Nazarite, which he had not now the opportunity of performing, Num 6:9. It is strange that the Philistines in whose hands he was were not jealous of the growth of his hair again, and did not cut it; but perhaps they were willing his great strength should return to him, that they might have so much the more work out of him, and now that he was blind they were in no fear of any hurt from him. 2. By the use God made of him for the destruction of the enemies of his people, and that at a time when it would be most for the vindication of the honour of God, and not immediately for the defence and deliverance of Israel. Observe,
I. How insolently the Philistines affronted the God of Israel, 1. By the sacrifices they offered to Dagon, his rival. This Dagon they call their god, a god of their own making, represented by an image, the upper part of which was in the shape of a man, the lower part of a fish, purely the creature of fancy; yet it served them to set up in opposition to the true and living God. To this pretended deity they ascribe their success (Jdg 16:23, Jdg 16:24): Our god has delivered Samson our enemy, and the destroyer of our country, into our hands. So they dreamed, though he could do neither good nor evil. They knew Delilah had betrayed him, and they had paid her for doing it, yet they attribute it to their god, and are confirmed by it in their belief of his power to protect them. All people will thus walk in the name of their gods: they will give them the praise of their achievements; and shall not we pay this tribute to our God whose kingdom ruleth over all? Yet, considering what wicked arts they used to get Samson into their hands, it must be confessed it was only such a dunghill-deity as Dagon that was fit to be made a patron of the villany. Sacrifices were offered, and songs of praise sung, on the general thanksgiving day, for this victory obtained over one man; there were great expressions of joy, and all to the honour of Dagon. Much more reason have we to give the praise of all our successes to our God. Thanks be to him who causeth us to triumph in Christ Jesus! 2. By the sport they made with Samson, God's champion, they reflected on God himself. When they were merry with wine, to make them more merry Samson must be fetched to make sport for them (Jdg 16:25, Jdg 16:27), that is, for them to make sport with. Having sacrificed to their god, and eaten and drunk upon the sacrifice, they rose up to play, according to the usage of idolaters (Co1 10:7), and Samson must be the fool in the play. They made themselves and one another laugh to see how, being blind, he stumbled and blundered. It is likely they smote this judge of Israel upon the cheek (Mic 5:1), and said, Prophesy who smote thee. It was an instance of their barbarity to trample thus upon a man in misery, at the sight of whom awhile ago they would have trembled. It put Samson into the depth of misery, and as a sword in his bones were their reproaches, when they said, Where is now they God? Nothing could be more grievous to so great a spirit; yet, being a penitent, his godly sorrow makes him patient, and he accepts the indignity as the punishment of his iniquity. How unrighteous soever the Philistines were, he could not but own that God was righteous. He had sported himself in his own deceivings and with his own deceivers, and justly are the Philistines let loose upon him to make sport with him. Uncleanness is a sin that makes men vile, and exposes them to contempt. A wound and dishonour shall he get whose heart is deceived by a woman, and his reproach shall not be wiped away. Everlasting shame and contempt will be the portion of those that are blinded and bound by their own lusts. The devil that deceived them will insult over them.
II. How justly the God of Israel brought sudden destruction upon them by the hands of Samson. Thousands of the Philistines had got together, to attend their lords in the sacrifices and joys of this day, and to be the spectators of this comedy; but it proved to them a fatal tragedy, for they were all slain, and buried in the ruins of the house: whether it was a temple or a theatre, or whether it was some slight building run up for the purpose, is uncertain. Observe,
1.Who were destroyed: All the lords of the Philistines (Jdg 16:27), who had by bribes corrupted Delilah to betray Samson to them. Evil pursued those sinners. Many of the people likewise, to the number of 3000, and among them a great many women, one of whom, it is likely, was that harlot of Gaza mentioned, Jdg 16:1. Samson had been drawn into sin by the Philistine women, and now a great slaughter is made among them, as was by Moses's order among the women of Midian, because it was they that caused the children of Israel to trespass against the Lord in the matter of Peor, Num 31:16.
2.When they were destroyed. (1.) When they were merry, secure, and jovial, and far from apprehending themselves in any danger. When they saw Samson lay hold of the pillars, we may suppose, his doing so served them for a jest, and they made sport with that too: What will this feeble Jew do? How are sinners brought to desolation in a moment! They are lifted up in pride and mirth, that their fall may be the more dreadful. Let us never envy the mirth of wicked people, but infer from this instance that their triumphing is short and their joy but for a moment. (2.) It was when they were praising Dagon their god, and giving that honour to him which is due to God only, which is no less than treason against the King of kings, his crown and dignity. Justly therefore is the blood of these traitors mingled with their sacrifices. Belshazzar was cut off when he was praising his man-made gods, Dan 5:4. (3.) It was when they were making sport with an Israelite, a Nazarite, and insulting over him, persecuting him whom God had smitten. Nothing fills the measure of the iniquity of any person or people faster than mocking and misusing the servants of God, yea, though it is by their own folly that they are brought low. Those know not what they do, nor whom they affront, that make sport with a good man.
3.How they were destroyed. Samson pulled the house down upon them, God no doubt putting it into his heart, as a public person, thus to avenge God's quarrel with them, Israel's, and his own. (1.) He gained strength to do it by prayer, Jdg 16:28. That strength which he had lost by sin he, like a true penitent, recovers by prayer; as David, who, when he had provoked the Spirit of grace to withdraw, prayed (Psa 51:12), Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation, and uphold me with thy free Spirit. We may suppose that this was only a mental prayer, and that his voice was not heard (for it was made in a noisy clamorous crowd of Philistines); but, though his voice was not heard of men, yet his prayer was heard of God and graciously answered, and though he lived not to give an account himself of this his prayer, as Nehemiah did of his, yet God not only accepted it in heaven, but, by revealing it to the inspired penmen, provided for the registering of it in his church. He prayed to God to remember him and strengthen him this once, thereby owning that his strength for what he had already done he had from God, and begged it might be afforded to him once more, to give them a parting blow. That it was not from a principle of passion or personal revenge, but from a holy zeal for the glory of God and Israel, that he desired to do this, appears from God's accepting and answering the prayer. Samson died praying, so did our blessed Saviour; but Samson prayed for vengeance, Christ for forgiveness. (2.) He gained opportunity to do it by leaning on the two pillars which were the chief supports of the building, and were, it seems, so near together that he could take hold of them both at one time, v. 26, 29. Having hold of them, he bore them down with all his might, crying aloud, Let me die with the Philistines, v. 30. Animamque in vulnere ponit - While inflicting the wound he dies. The vast concourse of people that were upon the roof looking down through it to see the sport, we may suppose, contributed to the fall of it. A weight so much greater than ever it was designed to carry might perhaps have sunk of itself, at least it made the fall more fatal to those within: and indeed few of either could escape being either stifled or crushed to death. This was done, not by any natural strength of Samson, but by the almighty power of God, and is not only marvellous, but miraculous, in our eyes. Now in this, [1.] The Philistines were greatly mortified. All their lords and great men were killed, and abundance of their people, and this in the midst of their triumph; the temple of Dagon (as many think the house was) was pulled down, and Dagon buried in it. This would give a great check to the insolence of the survivors, and, if Israel had but had so much sense and spirit left them as to improve the advantages of this juncture, they might now have thrown off the Philistines' yoke. [2.] Samson may very well be justified, and brought in not guilty of any sinful murder either of himself or the Philistines. He was a public person, a declared enemy to the Philistines, against whom he might therefore take all advantages. They were now in the most barbarous manner making war upon him; all present were aiding and abetting, and justly die with him. Nor was he felo de se, or a self-murderer, in it; for it was not his own life that he aimed at, though he had too much reason to be weary of it, but the lives of Israel's enemies, for the reaching of which he bravely resigned his own, not counting it dear to him, so that he might finish his course with honour. [3.] God was very much glorified in pardoning Samson's great transgressions, of which this was an evidence. It has been said that the prince's giving a commission to one convicted amounts to a pardon. Yet, though he was a God that forgave him, he took vengeance of his inventions (Psa 99:8), and, by suffering his champion to die in fetters, warned all to take heed of those lusts which war against the soul. However, we have good reason to hope that though Samson died with the Philistines he had not his everlasting portion with them. The Lord knows those that are his. [4.] Christ was plainly typified. He pulled down the devil's kingdom, as Samson did Dagon's temple; and, when he died, he obtained the most glorious victory over the powers of darkness. Then when his arms were stretched out upon the cross, as Samson's to the two pillars, he gave a fatal shake to the gates of hell, and, through death, destroyed him that had the power of death, that is, the devil (Heb 2:14, Heb 2:15), and herein exceeded Samson, that he not only died with the Philistines, but rose again to triumph over them.
Lastly, The story of Samson concludes, 1. With an account of his burial. His own relations, animated by the glories that attended his death, came and found out his body among the slain, brought it honourably to his own country, and buried it in the place of his fathers' sepulchres, the Philistines being in such a consternation that they durst not oppose it. 2. With the repetition of the account we had before of the continuance of his government: He judged Israel twenty years; and, if they had not been as mean and sneaking as he was brave and daring, he would have left them clear of the Philistines' yoke. They might have been easy, safe, and happy, if they would but have given God and their judges leave to make them so.
But in process of time his hair began to grow again; and on the occasion of a great feast Samson is brought out of prison to the assembly of the Philistines, and set in sight of the people. There were nearly three thousand in number, men and women; and they insulted him with bitter reproaches, and carried him about in mockery, a trial harder to be borne than the very reality of captivity by a man conscious of innate power. For to live and die is natural, to be a laughing stock is counted a disgrace. Desirous therefore either of consoling himself by avenging so great an indignity, or of forestalling it for the future by death, he pretended that from the weakness of his limbs and the weight of his fetters he could not support himself, and desired the boy who guided his steps to bring him to the nearest pillars by which the whole house was supported. Being brought near, he grasped with both hands the props of the building, and while the Philistines were intent on the sacrificial feast which they were offering to Dagon their god, by whose help they deemed their adversary had been delivered into their power, reckoning a woman's perfidy as a gift from above, he called unto the Lord, and said, "O Lord God, remember me I pray Thee this once, that I may be avenged of the heathen for my two eyes, and that they give not glory to their gods as if by their help they had gotten me into their power. Let me die with the Philistines, that they may find my weakness to have been no less fatal to them than my strength."
Then he shook the columns with great force, and broke them in pieces, whereon followed the downfall of the upper roof, crushing Samson himself and casting down all those who were looking on from above. Thus were a great number of men and women slain together, and by an end not unworthy or disgraceful, but excelling all his former victories, the dying Samson obtained a triumph. For although to that point and thenceforward he was invincible, and incomparable during life among men versed in war, yet in death he conquered himself, and shewed an unconquerable soul, so as to despise and count for nothing that end of life which all men fear.
Thus it was through his valour that the last day of his life was also the sum of his victories, and that he met not a captive but a triumphant end. But to have been entrapped by a woman is to be ascribed to nature rather than to the man, because it was by the condition of his humanity more than through his own fault that he fell; for this is wont to be overcome, and yield to the allurements of wickedness. Wherefore, since Scripture bears witness that he slew more in his death than while in the light of life, it would seem that his captivity happened rather for the destruction of his adversaries than for his own fall and humiliation. For he whose burial was more efficacious than his living strength cannot be said to have found himself inferior. Lastly, he was overwhelmed and buried not by the weapons but by the bodies of his enemies, and thus, covered by his own triumph, he left a glorious memorial to posterity. For he judged his countrymen, whom he found enslaved, twenty years, and buried in his native soil, left them inheritors of liberty.
By this example then it is plain that alliances with strangers should be avoided, lest through love for our wife the snares of treachery should be successful.
Furthermore, the fact that after Samson’s hair grew again he recovered his former strength and seizing the pillars destroyed the house of his enemies together with its builders, is also seen today in the case of some sinners. If they destroy their vices by repentance and provide a place for virtue, the likeness and figure of Samson is fulfilled in them. Then is accomplished in them what is written concerning Samson: “Those he killed at his death were more than those he had killed during his lifetime.” It is true, brothers. A greater number of sins is destroyed by repentance than is known to be overcome at a time when one seems to be free from offenses. Now we should not notice with indifference that at the death of Samson all his enemies were killed. Thus, may our adversaries also be destroyed at our death. Brothers, the apostle says, “Mortify your members, which are on earth: lust, evil desire and covetousness (which is a form of idol worship).” Let drunkenness and pride die in us, envy be extinguished, anger appeased and malice rejected. If we endeavor to kill all these things with God’s help, like Samson we can destroy our adversaries by dying to sins and vices.
“Therefore his enemies brought him to play the buffoon before them.” Notice here an image of the cross. Samson extends his hands spread out to the two columns as to the two beams of the cross. Moreover, by his death he overcame his adversaries, because his sufferings became the death of his persecutors. For this reason Scripture concludes as follows: “Those he killed at his death were more than those he had killed during his lifetime.” This mystery was clearly fulfilled in our Lord Jesus Christ, for at his death he completed our redemption which he had by no means publicly announced during his life: who lives and reigns forever and ever. Amen.
Now that splendor which was restored in Samson and was covered at his death I think fits every servant of Christ. If someone is overtaken by some sin and in a salutary manner has recourse to the remedies of repentance, with the restoration of grace there returns the face of a good conscience, like the hair which grew again. Thus, it becomes possible for the merits of faith like very strong muscles of courage to attack and overthrow the enemy’s pillars which support the hostile house. What are these pillars of the enemy’s house except our sins upon which the house of the devil rests, where he feasts as victor and mocks our minds if they have been captivated? Therefore, we eject this enemy from his house by the destruction and death of our flesh. Our enemy is enclosed within us; he daily wages an internal war inside. As long as we sometimes assent to him, in accord with the evil agreement of our will he gains power over us. With our vices against us as his accomplices within, he attacks our exterior ministry, so that when we hand over to him our members for works of iniquity we are killed by our own sword, as is usually said. However, we ought to remember the agreement which we promised in return for the grace of baptism, when we were buried together with Christ in the mystery of the cross: that we would renounce the devil, his ostentatious displays and his works. Let us no longer live in this world as we have been; in fact, let us no longer live to ourselves but let Christ live in us. When he has been restored to the honor of the head, the house of the devil will fall, and all our enemies will die with our sins in eternal destruction.
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SUMMARY
Judges 16:24 vividly portrays the Philistines' exultant and spiritually misguided celebration after capturing Samson. In a public display of triumph, they fervently praise their god, Dagon, crediting him with delivering into their hands "our enemy, and the destroyer of our country, which slew many of us." This moment profoundly highlights the Philistine's deep-seated idolatry and their spiritual blindness to the true sovereignty of Yahweh, the God of Israel, even as His deeper, redemptive purposes for Samson and His people were strategically unfolding.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The verse is rich with Irony, which is the most prominent literary device. The Philistines praise Dagon for a "victory" that, from the divine perspective of the biblical narrative, is a direct consequence of Samson's disobedience and a calculated step in Yahweh's sovereign plan, ultimately leading to Dagon's humiliation and the Philistines' greater defeat. There is also a strong Contrast established between the Philistines' false god, Dagon, and the true God of Israel, Yahweh. The Philistines' boisterous celebration of Dagon's supposed triumph over Samson serves to highlight the pervasive spiritual battle between idolatry and true worship, a battle Yahweh will decisively win. Furthermore, the verse employs Foreshadowing, as the Philistines' short-lived triumph and their profound misattribution of power set the stage for Samson's final, divinely empowered act, which will turn their celebration into mourning and demonstrate Yahweh's ultimate supremacy over Dagon. The vivid description of Samson as "the destroyer of our country" also functions as Hyperbole from the Philistine perspective, emphasizing the extreme impact Samson had on their lives and justifying their intense joy and relief.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Judges 16:24 serves as a stark reminder of the fundamental clash between spiritual realities: the omnipotence of the one true God versus the impotence of false idols. The Philistines' fervent praise of Dagon for delivering Samson into their hands is a classic example of misplaced worship and profound spiritual blindness. They attribute a divinely orchestrated event—Samson's downfall due to his own sin and God's sovereign allowance—to their pagan deity. This highlights the pervasive human tendency to create gods in their own image or to attribute divine power to things that are not God, seeking to control or explain circumstances through their own limited understanding. Yet, even in this moment of apparent defeat for God's champion, the narrative subtly affirms God's ultimate sovereignty. Samson's capture, though humiliating, was not the end of God's plan but a painful, necessary step towards a greater, more decisive victory that would ultimately bring glory to Yahweh and judgment upon the Philistines and their false god. This demonstrates that God's purposes can unfold even through human failure and the actions of His enemies.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
This verse offers profound lessons for contemporary believers, challenging us to critically examine where we place our praise and trust. Like the Philistines, it is easy for us to attribute success or failure to human effort, luck, or even to societal forces, rather than recognizing the sovereign hand of God at work, even in complex or painful circumstances. We are called to cultivate spiritual discernment, to see beyond immediate triumphs of evil or the painful consequences of our own failures, and to recognize God's overarching sovereignty that orchestrates all things for His glory and our good. Samson's story, culminating in this Philistine celebration, reminds us that God can use even our disobedience and its painful consequences to further His purposes, demonstrating His power and faithfulness in unexpected ways. Our task is to remain vigilant against spiritual blindness, to continually give glory to the one true God, and to trust that His plans, though sometimes mysterious and often beyond our full comprehension, are always for His glory and our ultimate good.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Who was Dagon, and why was he so significant to the Philistines?
Answer: Dagon was a prominent Philistine deity, often depicted as a hybrid creature with a human upper body and a fish-like lower body, or sometimes solely as a god of grain and fertility. He was considered the chief god of the Philistines, particularly in cities like Ashdod and Gaza, and was central to their religious and national identity. His significance lay in the Philistines' belief that he was the source of their prosperity, military strength, and national well-being. Attributing Samson's capture to Dagon was a profound theological statement for them, asserting their god's supremacy over the God of Israel, a claim that would later be dramatically refuted when the Ark of the Covenant was placed in Dagon's temple, leading to Dagon's humiliating collapse before it, as recorded in 1 Samuel 5.
Why did the Philistines refer to Samson as "the destroyer of our country, which slew many of us"?
Answer: This description reflects the Philistines' accurate, albeit biased, perception of Samson's devastating impact on their nation. Throughout his judgeship, Samson had engaged in numerous acts of vengeance and warfare against the Philistines. He killed 1,000 Philistines with a donkey's jawbone (Judges 15:15), burned their fields and vineyards (Judges 15:5), and tore down their city gates (Judges 16:3). From their perspective, Samson was not merely an enemy but a source of widespread destruction, economic ruin, and significant loss of life, making his capture a cause for immense relief and national celebration.
Did God truly "deliver" Samson into the hands of the Philistines, as they claimed?
Answer: While the Philistines attributed Samson's capture to Dagon, the biblical narrative reveals a more complex truth rooted in God's sovereignty and Samson's repeated disobedience. Samson's supernatural strength was contingent on his Nazarite vow, which he continually compromised through his sinful choices and disregard for his divine calling. His final betrayal by Delilah and the shaving of his hair were direct consequences of his own moral failures, leading to the withdrawal of God's empowering Spirit. Therefore, God did not actively "deliver" Samson in the sense of a direct, positive act of judgment against him, but rather allowed the natural consequences of his choices to unfold, demonstrating the principle that obedience brings blessing and disobedience brings discipline. However, even in this apparent defeat, God remained sovereign, using Samson's humiliation as a prelude to a greater, final act of judgment against the Philistines, ultimately demonstrating His own power over Dagon, as seen in Judges 16:28-30. This illustrates how God can work through human failure and even the actions of enemies to achieve His ultimate purposes, as affirmed in Romans 8:28.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Judges 16:24, with its depiction of Samson's profound humiliation and the Philistines' misguided triumph, powerfully foreshadows the ultimate humiliation and apparent defeat of Jesus Christ on the cross. Just as the Philistines celebrated Samson's capture as a definitive victory for Dagon, the religious and political powers of Jesus' day believed they had triumphed over the "destroyer" of their traditions and the "enemy" of their authority when they crucified Him. They mocked Him, saying, "He saved others; let him save himself!" (Luke 23:35). Yet, what appeared to be the greatest defeat in human history was, in fact, God's greatest victory. Samson's final act, though costly to himself, brought greater destruction to the Philistines than his life had, demonstrating God's power through his weakness and ultimate repentance. Similarly, Christ's crucifixion, the ultimate act of humiliation and apparent powerlessness, was the very means by which God achieved humanity's salvation, decisively defeating sin, death, and the devil. The "Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!" (John 1:29) willingly entered into this state of weakness and suffering, not due to personal sin like Samson, but as a perfect, spotless sacrifice. His glorious resurrection three days later (1 Corinthians 15:3-4) definitively proved that the apparent triumph of evil was a profound misinterpretation, revealing God's ultimate sovereignty and Christ's supreme victory over all opposing powers and principalities (Colossians 2:15). Thus, Samson's story, culminating in this moment of Philistine celebration, points to the deeper, redemptive truth that God's power is often made perfect in weakness, and His greatest victories are achieved through what the world perceives as defeat.