TRV
Translation
Complete Jewish Bible
Heshbon with its surrounding open land and Ya'zer with its surrounding open land - four cities in all.
World English Bible Messianic
Heshbon with its suburbs, Jazer with its suburbs; four cities in all.
Young's Literal Translation
Heshbon and its suburbs, Jazer and its suburbs-- in all four cities.
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In the KJVVerse 6,421 of 31,102
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Commentary on Joshua 21 verses 9–42
9 ¶ And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are here mentioned by name,
10 Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs was the first lot.
11 And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it.
12 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, gave they to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession.
13 Thus they gave to the children of Aaron the priest Hebron with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Libnah with her suburbs,
14 And Jattir with her suburbs, and Eshtemoa with her suburbs,
15 And Holon with her suburbs, and Debir with her suburbs,
16 And Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tribes.
17 And out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with her suburbs, Geba with her suburbs,
18 Anathoth with her suburbs, and Almon with her suburbs; four cities.
19 All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their suburbs.
20 And the families of the children of Kohath, the Levites which remained of the children of Kohath, even they had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim.
21 For they gave them Shechem with her suburbs in mount Ephraim, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Gezer with her suburbs,
22 And Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbs; four cities.
23 And out of the tribe of Dan, Eltekeh with her suburbs, Gibbethon with her suburbs,
24 Aijalon with her suburbs, Gathrimmon with her suburbs; four cities.
25 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh, Tanach with her suburbs, and Gathrimmon with her suburbs; two cities.
26 All the cities were ten with their suburbs for the families of the children of Kohath that remained.
27 And unto the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the other half tribe of Manasseh they gave Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Beeshterah with her suburbs; two cities.
28 And out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishon with her suburbs, Dabareh with her suburbs,
29 Jarmuth with her suburbs, Engannim with her suburbs; four cities.
30 And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbs, Abdon with her suburbs,
31 Helkath with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs; four cities.
32 And out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Hammothdor with her suburbs, and Kartan with her suburbs; three cities.
33 All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their suburbs.
34 And unto the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with her suburbs, and Kartah with her suburbs,
35 Dimnah with her suburbs, Nahalal with her suburbs; four cities.
36 And out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with her suburbs, and Jahazah with her suburbs,
37 Kedemoth with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs; four cities.
38 And out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Mahanaim with her suburbs,
39 Heshbon with her suburbs, Jazer with her suburbs; four cities in all.
40 So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families, which were remaining of the families of the Levites, were by their lot twelve cities.
41 All the cities of the Levites within the possession of the children of Israel were forty and eight cities with their suburbs.
42 These cities were every one with their suburbs round about them: thus were all these cities.
We have here a particular account of the cities which were given to the children of Levi out of the several tribes, not only to be occupied and inhabited by them, as tenants to the several tribes in which they lay - no, their interest in them was not dependent and precarious, but to be owned and possessed by them as lords and proprietors, and as having the same title to them that the rest of the tribes had to their cities or lands, as appears by the law which preserved the house in the Levites' cities from being alienated any longer than till the year of jubilee, Lev 25:32, Lev 25:33. Yet it is probable that the Levites having only the cities and suburbs, while the land about pertained to the tribes in which they lay, those of that tribe, for the convenience of occupying that land, might commonly rent houses of the Levites, as they could spare them in their cities, and so live among them as their tenants. Several things may be observed in this account, besides what was observed in the law concerning it, Num. 35.
I. That the Levites were dispersed into all the tribes, and not suffered to live all together in any one part of the country. This would find them all with work, and employ them all for the good of others; for ministers, of all people, must neither be idle nor live to themselves or to one another only. Christ left his twelve disciples together in a body, but left orders that they should in due time disperse themselves, that they might preach the gospel to every creature. The mixing of the Levites thus with the other tribes would be an obligation upon them to walk circumspectly, and as became their sacred function, and to avoid every thing that might disgrace it. Had they lived all together, they would have been tempted to wink at one another's faults, and to excuse one another when they did amiss; but by this means they were made to see the eyes of all Israel upon them, and therefore saw it their concern to walk so as that their ministry might in nothing be blamed nor their high character suffer by their ill carriage.
II. That every tribe of Israel was adorned and enriched with its share of Levites' cities in proportion to its compass, even those that lay most remote. They were all God's people, and therefore they all had Levites among them. 1. To show kindness to, as God appointed them, Deu 12:19; Deu 14:29. They were God's receivers, to whom the people might give their grateful acknowledgments of God's goodness, as the occasion and disposition were. 2. To receive advice and instruction from; when they could not go up to the tabernacle, to consult those who attended there, they might go to a Levites' city, and be taught the good knowledge of the Lord. Thus God set up a candle in every room of his house, to give light to all his family; as those that attended the altar kept the charge of the Lord, to see that no divine appointment was neglected there, so those that were scattered in the country had their charge too, which was to see that no idolatrous superstitious usages were introduced at a distance and to watch for the souls of God's Israel. Thus did God graciously provide for the keeping up of religion among them, and that they might have the word nigh them; yet, blessed be God, we, under the gospel, have it yet nigher, not only Levites in every county, but Levites in every parish, whose office it is still to teach the people knowledge, and to go before them in the things of God.
III. That there were thirteen cities, and those some of the best, appointed for the priests, the sons of Aaron, Jos 21:19. Aaron left but two sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, yet his family was now so much increased, and it was foreseen that it would in process of time grow so numerous, as to replenish all these cities, though a considerable number must of necessity be resident wherever the ark and the altar were. We read in both Testaments of such numbers of priests that we may suppose none of all the families of Israel that came out of Egypt increased afterwards so much as that of Aaron did; and the promise afterwards to the house of Aaron is, God shall increase you more and more, you and your children, Psa 115:12, Psa 115:14. He will raise up a seed to serve him.
IV. That some of the Levites' cities were afterwards famous upon other accounts. Hebron was the city in which David began his reign, and in Manhanaim, another Levites' city (Jos 21:38), he lay, and had his headquarters when he fled from Absalom. The first Israelite that ever wore the title of king (namely, Abimelech, the son of Gideon) reigned in Shechem, another Levites' city, Jos 21:21.
V. That the number of them in all was more than of most of the tribes, except Judah, though the tribe of Levi was one of the least of the tribes, to show how liberal God is, and his people should be, to his ministers; yet the disproportion will not appear so great as at first it seems, if we consider that the Levites had cities only with their suburbs to dwell in, but the rest of the tribes, besides their cities (and those perhaps were many more than are named in the account of their lot), had many unwalled towns and villages which they inhabited, besides country houses.
Upon the whole, it appears that effectual care was taken that the Levites should live both comfortably and usefully: and those, whether ministers or others, for whom Providence has done well, must look upon themselves as obliged thereby to do good, and, according as their capacity and opportunity are, to serve their generation.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 9–42. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Joshua 21:39 meticulously concludes a significant segment of the Levitical city allocation, detailing the provision of "Heshbon with her suburbs, Jazer with her suburbs; four cities in all" to the Merarite clan. This verse, situated within the broader account of Israel's inheritance of the Promised Land, powerfully underscores God's precise fulfillment of His covenant promises, demonstrating His unwavering faithfulness in providing comprehensively for those dedicated to His service and establishing His divine order throughout the newly settled nation.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Joshua 21:39 employs several literary devices to effectively convey its message and reinforce its theological implications. Enumeration is prominently evident in the specific naming of "Heshbon" and "Jazer," followed by the precise numerical count "four cities in all." This meticulous detailing underscores the divine order and the exact fulfillment of God's promises, leaving no room for ambiguity regarding the completeness of the provision. The Repetition of the phrase "with her suburbs" after each city name emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the provision, ensuring the Levites received not just a place to live but also the necessary economic resources for their livelihood and service. This repetition highlights the thoroughness of God's care and the practical implications of His covenant. Furthermore, the entire chapter, including this verse, functions as an example of Fulfillment Literature, demonstrating that God's promises regarding the land and the provision for the Levites, made centuries earlier, have now been completely and precisely brought to pass. The cities themselves, strategically scattered throughout the land, can be seen as Symbols of God's pervasive presence and the accessibility of spiritual instruction and divine law throughout the newly settled nation.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 21:39, though seemingly a mere administrative detail, is profoundly theological. It serves as a powerful testament to God's unwavering faithfulness and meticulous care for His covenant people. The detailed listing of cities, even down to their "suburbs," demonstrates that God's promises are not vague generalities but specific, tangible realities that He brings to pass with precision. He provides for His servants comprehensively, ensuring not only their dwelling but also their sustenance, thereby enabling them to fulfill their sacred duties without earthly distraction. This divine provision for the Levites, who had no earthly inheritance of their own, powerfully foreshadows God's comprehensive care for all who dedicate their lives to Him, reminding believers that their true and ultimate inheritance is found in Him. The strategic placement of the Levites also highlights God's design for spiritual leadership and instruction to be accessible throughout the community, fostering a nation grounded in His Law and dependent on His guidance.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Joshua 21:39, as part of the meticulous record of God's provision for the Levites, offers profound lessons for contemporary believers. It reminds us that God is a God of order, precision, and unwavering faithfulness. Just as He meticulously provided for the Levites, who were set apart for His service, He continues to provide for those who dedicate their lives to Him today. This verse encourages us to trust in God's comprehensive provision for our needs, recognizing that He not only gives us a "place" (a purpose, a calling) but also equips us with the "suburbs" (the necessary resources, sustenance, community, and support) to fulfill that calling effectively. It challenges us to consider our own "inheritance" in Christ—not of earthly land, but of spiritual blessings and eternal life—and to live in gratitude for His faithful and abundant provision. Furthermore, the strategic scattering of the Levites serves as a powerful model for the church's mission: to permeate society with the truth of God's Word and to be spiritual anchors, sources of light and instruction, in every community, ensuring that the transformative message of Christ is accessible to all.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why were the Levites given cities with "suburbs" instead of tribal land like the other Israelites?
Answer: The Levites were uniquely set apart by God for special service in the tabernacle and later the temple, as well as for teaching the Law and administering justice throughout Israel. Unlike the other tribes, they did not receive a territorial land inheritance because "the Lord God of Israel is their inheritance" (Joshua 13:33). Instead, God commanded that they be given 48 cities scattered throughout the other tribes' territories, along with "suburbs" (pasturelands) for their livestock. This arrangement served a dual purpose: it ensured their livelihood (as they often tended animals for sacrifices and their own sustenance, since they did not farm) and strategically positioned them to be spiritual leaders, teachers, and judges accessible to all the tribes. This distribution prevented spiritual decline and fostered national unity under God's Law. This unique provision underscored their distinct role and God's comprehensive care for His dedicated servants.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Joshua 21:39, with its emphasis on God's meticulous provision for the Levites and their strategic placement throughout the land, finds its ultimate and profound fulfillment in Christ and the New Covenant. The Levites, without a land inheritance, prefigured the spiritual inheritance of believers in Christ, whose true "possession" is not earthly territory but the Lord Himself and the spiritual blessings found in Him (Ephesians 1:11). Just as the Levites were scattered throughout Israel to be spiritual guides, instructors, and mediators of God's law, so too are believers in Christ, as a "royal priesthood" and a "holy nation" (1 Peter 2:9), called to be light and salt in every corner of the world, proclaiming the gospel and discipling nations (Matthew 28:19-20). Christ Himself is the ultimate High Priest, who, unlike the Levitical priests, offered a single, perfect, and eternal sacrifice for sins, making access to God possible for all who believe (Hebrews 7:27). His completed work secures for His people a far greater and eternal "inheritance"—eternal life, spiritual blessings in the heavenly places, and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 1:3). Thus, the precise and comprehensive provision for the Levites in Joshua 21:39 points forward to God's even more comprehensive and eternal provision for all who are in Christ, enabling them to live out their priestly calling in the world as ambassadors of His kingdom.