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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Exodus 39:32–43. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
Observe here, I. The builders of the tabernacle made very good despatch. It was not much more than five months from the beginning to the finishing of it. Though there was a great deal of fine work about it, such as is usually the work of time, embroidering and engraving, not only in gold, but in precious stones, yet they went through with it in a little time. Church-work is usually slow work, but they made quick work of this, and yet did it with the greatest exactness imaginable. For, 1. Many hands were employed, all unanimous, and not striving with each other. This expedited the business, and made it easy. 2. The workmen were taught of God, and so were kept from making blunders, which would have retarded them. 3. The people were hearty and zealous in the work, and impatient till it was finished. God had prepared their hearts, and then the thing was done suddenly, Ch2 29:36. Resolution and industry, and a cheerful application of mind, will, by the grace of God, bring a great deal of good work to pass in a little time, in less than one would expect.
II.They punctually observed their orders, and did not in the least vary from them.
They did it according to all that the Lord commanded Moses, Exo 39:32, Exo 39:42. Note, God's work must be done, in every thing, according to his own will. His institutions neither need nor admit men's inventions to make them either more beautiful or more likely to answer the intention of them. Add thou not unto his words. God is pleased with willing worship, but not with will-worship.
III.They brought all their work to Moses, and submitted it to his inspection and censure, Exo 39:33.
He knew what he had ordered them to make; and now the particulars were called over, and all produced, that Moses might see both that they had made all, omitting nothing, and that they had made all according to the instructions given them, and that, if they had made a mistake in any thing, it might be forthwith rectified. Thus they showed respect to Moses, who was set over them in the Lord; not objecting that Moses did not understand such work, and therefore that there was no reason for submitting it to his judgment. No, that God who gave them so much knowledge as to do the work gave them also so much humility as to be willing to have it examined and compared with the model. Moses was in authority, and they would pay a deference to his place. The spirit of the prophets is subject to the prophets. And besides, though they knew how to do the work better than Moses, Moses had a better and more exact idea of the model than they had, and therefore they could not be well pleased with their own work, unless they had his approbation. Thus in all the services of religion we should labour to be accepted of the Lord.
IV.Moses, upon search, found all done according to the rule, Exo 39:43.
Moses, both for their satisfaction and for his own, did look upon all the work, piece by piece, and behold they had done it according to the pattern shown him, for the same Being that showed him the pattern guided their hand in the work. All the copies of God's grace exactly agree with the original of his counsels: what God works in us, and by us, is the fulfilling of the good pleasure of his own goodness; and when the mystery of God shall be finished, and all his performances come to be compared with his purposes, it will appear that behold all is done according to the counsel of his own will, not one iota or tittle of which shall fall to the ground, or be varied from.
V.Moses blessed them.
1.He commended them, and signified his approbation of all they had done. He did not find fault where there was none, as some do, who think they disparage their own judgment if they do not find something amiss in the best and most accomplished performance. In all this work it is probable there might have been found here and there a stitch amiss, and a stroke awry, which would have served for an over-curious and censorious critic to animadvert upon; but Moses was too candid to notice small faults where there were no great ones. Note, All governors must be a praise to those that do well, as well as a terror to evil-doers. Why should any take a pride in being hard to be pleased?
2.He not only praised them, but prayed for them. He blessed them as one having authority, for the less is blessed of the better. We read not of any wages that Moses paid them for their work, but this blessing he gave them. For, though ordinarily the labourer be worthy of his hire, yet in this case, 1. They wrought for themselves. The honour and comfort of God's tabernacle among them would be recompence enough. If thou be wise, thou shalt be wise for thyself. 2. They had their meat from heaven on free-cost, for themselves and their families, and their raiment waxed not old upon them; so that they neither needed wages nor had reason to expect any. Freely you have received, freely give. The obligations we lie under, both in duty and interest, to serve God, should be sufficient to quicken us to our work, though we had not a reward in prospect. But, 3. This blessing, in the name of the Lord, was wages enough for all their work. Those whom God employs he will bless, and those whom he blesses are blessed indeed. The blessing he commands is life for evermore.
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Summary
Exodus 39:33 marks a pivotal moment in the Tabernacle's construction, documenting the meticulous presentation of all its completed components to Moses. This verse signifies the culmination of the Israelites' diligent and faithful execution of God's precise architectural blueprint, detailing every part from the overarching tent structure to the smallest fasteners and foundational elements. It underscores the community's unwavering commitment to divine instruction and prepares for the imminent realization of God's promised dwelling among His people.
Context
Literary Context
This verse is strategically placed at the climax of the narrative detailing the Tabernacle's construction. Following God's explicit and highly detailed instructions for its design and furnishings in Exodus 25-31, the subsequent chapters, particularly Exodus 35-39, meticulously recount the Israelites' faithful and willing execution of these divine commands. Chapter 39 specifically describes the completion of the priestly garments and the final elements of the Tabernacle itself. Verse 33 serves as the grand inventory and formal presentation of all these finished components to Moses, immediately preceding the actual erection, anointing, and dedication of the Tabernacle in Exodus 40. It marks the crucial transition from the phase of construction to that of assembly and consecration, highlighting the meticulous fulfillment of every divine detail.
Historical & Cultural Context
The construction of the Tabernacle occurred during the Israelites' transformative wilderness wanderings, a period crucial for the formation of their national and religious identity. Having recently escaped Egyptian bondage and received the Law at Mount Sinai, the Tabernacle was designed to be the tangible center of their worship, the visible sign of God's abiding presence, and the locus of atonement among them. This portable sanctuary reflected the nomadic lifestyle of the Israelites while simultaneously establishing a unique, divinely ordained cultic system. The detailed inventory in Exodus 39:33 would have been culturally significant for accountability and verification, ensuring that every element precisely matched the divine specifications given to Moses on the mountain (Exodus 25:9). The act of bringing all parts to Moses underscored his authoritative role as the divinely appointed overseer and mediator, ensuring the sanctity and integrity of God's dwelling place.
Key Themes
Exodus 39:33 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Exodus and the Pentateuch. Foremost is the theme of Divine Presence and Dwelling, as the completed Tabernacle components signify the imminent realization of God's promise to dwell among His people (Exodus 25:8). This verse also powerfully illustrates the theme of Obedience to Divine Instruction, showcasing the Israelites' meticulous adherence to God's detailed blueprint, emphasizing that every command, no matter how small, was faithfully executed (Exodus 39:43). Furthermore, it highlights Communal Effort and Skill, as the construction was a collective endeavor, with gifted artisans like Bezalel and Aholiab, empowered by the Spirit, leading the work of the entire community (Exodus 35:30-35). The verse also subtly touches on the theme of Order and Holiness, as the precise inventory underscores the sacredness and perfect order required for God's holy habitation.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This primary term, derived from the root shakan (to dwell), literally means "a residence" or "dwelling place." As defined by the Strong's data, it refers specifically to "the Tabernacle (properly, its wooden walls)," signifying the innermost, most sacred structure of the sanctuary. Its completion and presentation signify the imminent realization of God's promise to condescend and dwell among His people, making His presence tangible in their midst.
While often used broadly to refer to the entire Tabernacle complex, ʼôhel here, as specified in the Strong's data, refers to "a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)" or "covering." In this context, it distinguishes the outer, more practical and protective covering of the sacred mishkân. Its inclusion alongside the mishkân highlights the dual nature of the structure: a functional, portable tent for wilderness travel, and simultaneously, a consecrated dwelling place for the Holy God.
As defined by the Strong's data, ʼeden refers to "a basis (of a building, a column, etc.); foundation, socket." These foundational bases, typically made of silver for the boards and bronze for the pillars, were crucial for the stability and proper erection of the Tabernacle's walls and internal supports. Their inclusion in this detailed list, alongside larger components, underscores the meticulous attention to every detail, no matter how seemingly small, ensuring the structural integrity and divine precision of the entire edifice.
Verse Breakdown
"And they brought the tabernacle unto Moses,"
This opening clause signifies the triumphant culmination of the construction phase. "They" refers collectively to the skilled craftsmen, particularly Bezalel and Aholiab, and the multitude of Israelites who contributed their labor, materials, and gifts. The act of bringing the "tabernacle" (referring here to the entire completed structure in its various components) to Moses underscores his unique role as the divinely appointed overseer and the ultimate recipient of the completed work, thereby validating its adherence to God's precise blueprint.
"the tent, and all his furniture,"
This phrase clarifies and expands upon the initial mention of "the tabernacle," providing a more comprehensive scope. "The tent" specifically refers to the outer coverings and general structure, while "all his furniture" encompasses the numerous internal elements and sacred vessels, such as the Ark of the Covenant, the Table of Showbread, the Lampstand, and the altars. This inclusion emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the presentation, indicating that not just the physical shell but all its sacred contents were meticulously prepared and ready for assembly.
"his taches, his boards, his bars, and his pillars, and his sockets,"
This detailed enumeration provides a specific inventory of the structural components that formed the physical edifice. "Taches" (clasps) were small gold or bronze fasteners that joined the various curtains; "boards" formed the golden-plated wooden walls of the inner sanctuary; "bars" were used to hold these boards securely together; "pillars" supported the veils and the entrance curtains; and "sockets" provided the stable, weighty foundations for the boards and pillars. The meticulous listing of these diverse elements, from the smallest fasteners to the largest structural supports, powerfully reinforces the Israelites' precise adherence to God's detailed instructions and the absolute completeness of their work.
Literary Devices
Exodus 39:33 employs several literary devices to emphasize the profound significance of this moment. The most prominent is Merism, where a comprehensive list of parts ("taches, boards, bars, pillars, and sockets") is used to represent the entirety of the Tabernacle's complex structure. This detailed enumeration, following the more general terms "tabernacle" and "tent," serves to underscore the Completeness and meticulousness of the work. Every single component, no matter how seemingly small, was accounted for and brought to Moses, highlighting the Israelites' unwavering Faithful Obedience to God's exacting specifications. The verse also functions as a Climax in the narrative of the Tabernacle's construction, marking the successful completion of the physical edifice before its grand assembly and dedication in the subsequent chapter. The cumulative effect of these devices is to impress upon the reader the absolute precision and thoroughness with which God's instructions were carried out, reflecting the divine order and the Israelites' dedicated response.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Exodus 39:33 is a powerful testament to the themes of divine instruction, human obedience, and God's desire for intimate fellowship with His people. The meticulous completion and presentation of the Tabernacle components underscore the absolute necessity of adherence to God's revealed will. Every detail, from the grand design to the smallest clasp, was divinely ordained, signifying that true worship and fellowship with God are predicated on faithful obedience to His precise commands. This act of bringing all parts to Moses represents the culmination of a communal effort, demonstrating that when God's people unite in obedience, His dwelling place among them can be realized, bringing His holy and saving presence into their midst.
Reflection and Application
Exodus 39:33 offers profound and enduring lessons for contemporary believers. Just as the Israelites diligently and precisely followed God's blueprint for the Tabernacle, we are called to live lives of faithful obedience to God's Word in every detail. This verse reminds us that no part of our lives—no action, no thought, no word—is insignificant in God's grand design for our sanctification and His glory. Our commitment to Christ, our service within the church, and our daily walk should reflect the same meticulous care and dedication shown by the Tabernacle builders. Furthermore, the completion of the Tabernacle components paved the way for God's dwelling among His people, making His presence tangible. Similarly, as we, the church, are now God's spiritual temple, our collective and individual obedience creates a space for God's presence to manifest powerfully in the world, drawing others to Him and demonstrating His glory. This calls us to a high standard of integrity and intentionality in all our endeavors for the Kingdom.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why is such a detailed list of components included in this verse?
The detailed list in Exodus 39:33 serves multiple critical purposes. Firstly, it emphatically highlights the Israelites' meticulous and complete obedience to God's highly specific instructions, underscoring that not a single item was overlooked, incorrectly made, or missing. This reinforces the profound theological theme of divine precision and human faithfulness in worship. Secondly, it functions as a comprehensive inventory, confirming that all necessary parts for the Tabernacle's assembly were present and accounted for, thereby preparing for the immediate next stage of erection and consecration. Finally, it underscores the theological significance of every element, no matter how seemingly small, in creating a holy and perfect space for God's dwelling, demonstrating that God cares deeply about the details of our service and worship.
Who were "they" who brought the Tabernacle components to Moses?
"They" primarily refers to the skilled craftsmen and artisans, most notably Bezalel and Aholiab, who were divinely gifted and appointed to oversee the construction (Exodus 35:30-35). These individuals, empowered by the Spirit of God with wisdom, understanding, and knowledge in all kinds of craftsmanship, led the collective effort of the many other Israelites who contributed their materials, labor, and skills. The act of bringing the completed components to Moses signifies their accountability to the divinely appointed leader and their successful fulfillment of the sacred tasks entrusted to them by God through Moses, demonstrating the completion of their God-given mandate.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Exodus 39:33, with its emphasis on the completion of God's dwelling place among His people, finds its ultimate and glorious fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The earthly Tabernacle, a temporary and physical structure, served as a profound type and shadow, foreshadowing the ultimate reality of God dwelling among humanity in a far more profound and permanent way. Jesus is the true "Tabernacle" (or "tent") of God, for as John 1:14 declares, "the Word became flesh and dwelt among us," literally "tabernacled" or "pitched His tent" among us. In Christ, God's presence is not confined to a physical structure made by human hands but is embodied in a divine-human person, Emmanuel, "God with us" (Matthew 1:23). Just as every piece of the Tabernacle was meticulously crafted according to divine design, so too was Christ's life and ministry a perfect, obedient fulfillment of God's will, culminating in His ultimate, once-for-all sacrifice on the cross (Hebrews 10:10). He is the perfect High Priest, the perfect sacrifice, and the perfect access point to God's presence, rendering the physical Tabernacle and its rituals obsolete (Hebrews 9:11-12). Through His finished work, believers become the new temple of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19), a spiritual dwelling place where God truly resides by His Spirit, fulfilling the longing for intimate fellowship first expressed in the wilderness Tabernacle and pointing to the eternal dwelling of God with His people in the New Jerusalem (Revelation 21:3).