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Study this verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Deuteronomy 6:17–25. His four-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
Here, I. Moses charges them to keep God's commandments themselves: You shall diligently keep God's commandments, Deu 6:17-19. Note, It requires a great deal of care and pains to keep up religion in the power of it in our hearts and lives. Negligence will ruin us; but we cannot be saved without diligence. To induce them to this, he here shows them, 1. That this would be very acceptable to God: it is right and good in the sight of the Lord; and that is right and good indeed that is, so in God's sight. If we have any regard to the favour of our Creator as our felicity, and the law of our creation as our rule, we shall be religious. 2. That it would be very advantageous and profitable to themselves. It would secure to them the possession of the land of Canaan, prosperity there, and constant victory over those that stood in their way. In short, "Do well, and it shall be well with thee."
II.He charges them to instruct their children in the commands of God, not only that they might in their tender years intelligently and affectionately join in religious services, but that afterwards they might in their day keep up religion, and convey it to those that should come after them. Now,
1.Here is a proper question which it is supposed the children would ask (Deu 6:20): "What mean the testimonies and the statutes? What is the meaning of the feasts we observe, the sacrifices we offer, and the many peculiar customs we keep up?" Observe,
(1.)All divine institutions have a certain meaning, and there is something great designed in them.
(2.)It concerns us to know and understand the meaning of them, that we may perform a reasonable service and may not offer the blind for sacrifice.
(3.)It is good for children betimes to enquire into the true intent and meaning of the religious observances they are trained up in. If any are thus inquisitive in divine things it is a good sign that they are concerned about them, and a good means of their attaining to a great acquaintance with them. Then shall we know if thus we follow on to know.
2.Here is a full answer put into the parents' mouths to be given to this good question. Parents and teachers must give instruction to those under their charge, though they do not ask it, nay, though they have an aversion to it; much more must they be ready to answer questions, and to give instruction when it is desired; for it may be hoped that those who ask it will be willing to receive it. Did the children ask the meaning of God's laws? Let them be told that they were to be observed,
(1.)In a grateful remembrance of God's former favours to them, especially their deliverance out of Egypt, Deu 6:21-23. The children must be often told of the deplorable state their ancestors were in when they were bondmen in Egypt, the great salvation God wrought for them in fetching them out thence, and that God, in giving them these peculiar statutes, meant to perpetuate the memorial of that work of wonder, by which they were formed into a peculiar people.
(2.)As the prescribed condition of his further favours (Deu 6:24): The Lord commanded us all these statutes for our good. Note, God commands us nothing but what is really for our good. It is our interest as well as our duty to be religious.
[1.]It will be our life: That he might preserve us alive, which is a great favour, and more than we could expect, considering how often we have forfeited life itself. Godliness has the promise of the continuance and comfort of the life that now is as far as it is for God's glory.
[2.]It will be our righteousness. Could we perfectly fulfil but that one command of loving God with all our heart, soul, and might, and could we say, "We have never done otherwise," this would be so our righteousness as to entitle us to the benefits of the covenant of innocency; had we continued in every thing that is written in the book of the law to do it, the law would have justified us. But this we cannot pretend to, therefore our sincere obedience shall be accepted through a Mediator to denominate us, as Noah was, righteous before God, Gen 7:1; Luk 1:6; and Jo1 3:7. The Chaldee reads it, There shall be a reward to us if we observe to do these commandments; for, without doubt, in keeping God's commandments there is great reward.
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Summary
Deuteronomy 6:22 serves as a foundational historical anchor within Moses' final address to Israel, powerfully recounting the LORD's decisive and overwhelming interventions against Egypt, Pharaoh, and his entire household. These "signs and wonders," witnessed firsthand by the generation delivered from bondage, stand as irrefutable evidence of God's supreme power, His covenant faithfulness, and His righteous judgment. This verse not only validates Israel's identity as a redeemed people but also provides the essential historical context for their obedience and the imperative to diligently transmit God's mighty acts to future generations.
Context
Literary Context
This verse is strategically positioned within Moses' second major discourse in Deuteronomy, specifically as part of the didactic framework surrounding the "Shema" in Deuteronomy 6:4-9. Following the paramount command to love the LORD with all one's being in Deuteronomy 6:5, Moses emphasizes the imperative of intergenerational teaching, particularly concerning God's statutes and judgments. Deuteronomy 6:20-25 anticipates the future question from children regarding the meaning of God's commands, providing a prescribed answer that begins with a recounting of the Exodus. Thus, Deuteronomy 6:22 functions as a critical historical proof-point, grounding abstract commands in the concrete, miraculous reality of divine action, thereby establishing the basis for Israel's covenant relationship and obedience.
Historical & Cultural Context
The historical setting is the plains of Moab, where the Israelites, having completed their forty years of wilderness wandering, stand poised to enter the Promised Land. Moses addresses a new generation, many of whom did not personally experience the initial Exodus events as adults. Egypt, at that time, was a formidable ancient Near Eastern empire, and its Pharaoh was revered as a divine monarch. The LORD's defeat of Pharaoh and his nation was an unprecedented demonstration of divine supremacy, challenging the very foundations of Egyptian power and idolatry. The phrase "upon all his household" signifies a comprehensive judgment that extended beyond Pharaoh himself to his family, officials, and the entire infrastructure of his rule, underscoring the totality of God's victory. Culturally, ancient Israel placed immense value on oral tradition and intergenerational instruction, viewing historical narratives not merely as factual accounts but as theological education, shaping identity and reinforcing covenant obligations.
Key Themes
Deuteronomy 6:22 profoundly articulates several core themes central to Deuteronomy and the Pentateuch. Firstly, it highlights Divine Power and Sovereignty, showcasing the LORD's absolute authority over all creation, nations, and human rulers, a truth consistently underscored in the Exodus narrative (e.g., Exodus 9:16). Secondly, it reinforces the theme of Miraculous Deliverance and Redemption, portraying God not merely as a liberator but as one who actively intervenes with overwhelming supernatural force to rescue His people from bondage, thereby establishing the foundation of His covenant relationship with Israel (Exodus 6:6). Thirdly, the phrase "before our eyes" emphasizes Eyewitness Testimony and Remembrance, stressing that these events were not mythical but verifiable historical occurrences, forming the bedrock for Israel's faith, obedience, and the imperative to remember and recount God's mighty acts (see Deuteronomy 4:9).
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This term refers to a signal, mark, or token that serves as evidence or proof. In the context of the Exodus, the "signs" were specific, discernible phenomena (the plagues) that authenticated God's presence, power, and the truth of His message delivered through Moses. They were purposeful demonstrations designed to establish God's authority over both nature and human rulers, compelling recognition of His divine hand.
This word denotes extraordinary, awe-inspiring events that cause astonishment and serve as portents or demonstrations of power. When paired with "signs," "wonders" emphasizes the miraculous, supernatural, and often terrifying nature of God's interventions. These were events that defied natural explanation, compelling recognition of a divine hand at work, often carrying a sense of judgment or a warning.
This phrase describes the magnitude and severity of the "signs and wonders." Gâdôwl means "great" or "large," indicating the immense scale and impact of the plagues, affecting an entire nation. Raʻ means "bad," "evil," "grievous," or "calamitous," highlighting their destructive and painful effect, particularly on Egypt. Together, they convey the overwhelming, devastating, and undeniable nature of God's judgments, leaving no doubt about His power and the righteousness of His cause.
Verse Breakdown
"And the LORD shewed signs and wonders"
This opening clause immediately attributes the miraculous events directly to "the LORD" (Yahweh, H3068), emphasizing His active agency and sovereign initiation (H5414, nâthan - "to give, show"). The combination of "signs" and "wonders" highlights the dual nature of God's acts: they were both evidential (proving His identity and power) and awe-inspiring (demonstrating His supernatural might). This was not merely a natural disaster but a deliberate, divine display of power.
"great and sore"
This descriptive phrase qualifies the nature of the signs and wonders. "Great" underscores their immense scale and power, impacting an entire nation. "Sore" (or "grievous," "evil") points to their devastating and punitive effect, particularly on the Egyptians. It conveys the severity of God's judgment, which brought immense suffering and destruction upon Pharaoh and his people.
"upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his household"
This tripartite repetition specifies the targets of God's judgment with increasing precision and scope. "Egypt" (H4714, Mitsrayim) refers to the nation as a whole, experiencing widespread devastation. "Pharaoh" (H6547, Parʻôh) singles out the ruler, the embodiment of Egyptian resistance and idolatry, as the direct recipient of divine wrath. "And upon all his household" (H1004, bayith) extends the judgment to Pharaoh's immediate family, officials, and the entire ruling apparatus, signifying a comprehensive and inescapable divine reckoning that dismantled the very foundation of Egyptian power.
"before our eyes"
This crucial phrase (H5869, ʻayin) emphasizes the eyewitness nature of these events for the generation that experienced the Exodus. It grounds the narrative in historical reality and personal testimony. For the generation Moses was addressing in Deuteronomy, it signifies that these events were either personally witnessed by them (if they were old enough) or, more likely, by their parents, whose testimony was fresh and undeniable. This direct experience or inherited testimony served as the irrefutable basis for their faith, obedience, and the imperative to remember and teach.
Literary Devices
Deuteronomy 6:22 employs several effective literary devices to enhance its impact. The most prominent is Anaphora, seen in the repeated use of the preposition "upon" ("upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his household"). This rhythmic repetition creates a sense of accumulating force and emphasizes the comprehensive and targeted nature of God's judgment, leaving no aspect of Egyptian power untouched. The phrase "great and sore" functions as a form of Hyperbole, underscoring the extraordinary magnitude and severity of the plagues, ensuring the audience grasps the overwhelming power displayed by the LORD. Furthermore, the verse is a concise example of Historical Narrative serving a Didactic Purpose. It recounts a past event not merely for informational purposes but to instruct the present generation about God's character, His covenant faithfulness, and the basis for their obedience, thereby solidifying their identity as the people redeemed by a mighty God.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Deuteronomy 6:22 serves as a theological cornerstone, anchoring Israel's identity in the undeniable reality of God's redemptive power and judicial authority. It reminds them that their existence as a free people is not due to their own strength or merit, but solely to the LORD's sovereign intervention. This verse underscores that God is not a distant deity but an active, personal God who intervenes decisively in human history to fulfill His promises and judge His adversaries. The "signs and wonders" against Egypt were not just displays of power; they were acts of covenant faithfulness, demonstrating God's commitment to His promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to deliver their descendants. This foundational act of deliverance becomes the paradigm for all future acts of salvation and calls for Israel's exclusive loyalty and unwavering obedience.
Reflection and Application
The command to remember and recount God's mighty acts, as exemplified in Deuteronomy 6:22, remains profoundly relevant for believers today. Just as the Israelites were to ground their faith and the instruction of their children in the concrete historical reality of God's deliverance from Egypt, so too are we called to anchor our spiritual lives in the undeniable evidence of God's faithfulness, both in biblical history and in our personal experience. This verse challenges us to cultivate a posture of remembrance, actively recalling God's interventions, His provision, and His triumphs over the "Egypts" in our own lives—whether they be spiritual bondage, overwhelming challenges, or moments of profound need. Sharing these testimonies, particularly with younger generations, is not merely storytelling; it is a vital act of discipleship that builds faith, glorifies God, and perpetuates the knowledge of His unchanging character. It reminds us that the God who performed "great and sore" wonders for Israel is the same God who is active, powerful, and faithful in our present circumstances, inviting us to trust Him with renewed confidence and to live in grateful obedience.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why is it important for the Israelites to remember these specific "signs and wonders" in Egypt?
Remembering these specific "signs and wonders" was crucial for several reasons. First, they served as undeniable proof of the LORD's unique power and sovereignty over all creation and all earthly rulers, including the mighty Pharaoh. This established His exclusive claim as the one true God, worthy of Israel's sole worship and obedience (Deuteronomy 4:35). Second, these acts were the foundational events of Israel's redemption, marking their transition from slavery to freedom, and from a scattered people to a covenant nation. Remembering them reinforced their identity as God's chosen people, delivered by His mighty hand (see Deuteronomy 7:8). Third, the memory of God's judgment on Egypt served as a warning against disobedience and idolatry, reminding Israel of the consequences of opposing God's will. Finally, it provided a concrete historical basis for the covenant relationship and the laws given at Sinai, demonstrating that the God who commanded them was the same God who had miraculously saved them.
How does the phrase "great and sore" describe God's actions?
The phrase "great and sore" (Hebrew: gedolot v'ra'ot) vividly describes the nature of God's interventions against Egypt. "Great" (or "large") emphasizes the immense scale and overwhelming power of the plagues. These were not minor inconveniences but cataclysmic events that affected the entire land of Egypt and its populace, demonstrating God's limitless might. "Sore" (or "grievous," "evil," "calamitous") highlights the destructive and punitive aspect of these judgments. It conveys the severe suffering and devastation inflicted upon Egypt, Pharaoh, and his household as a consequence of their rebellion against God and oppression of His people. Together, the terms underscore that God's actions were not only powerful but also precise, purposeful, and devastatingly effective in achieving His redemptive and judicial aims. They were a clear demonstration of divine wrath against sin and oppression, leaving no doubt about the LORD's righteous character and His ability to execute justice.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Deuteronomy 6:22, with its focus on God's "signs and wonders" in delivering Israel from Egypt, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The Exodus, as the Old Testament's paradigmatic act of redemption, foreshadows the greater spiritual Exodus accomplished by Christ. Just as the LORD displayed overwhelming power over Pharaoh and Egypt, Jesus demonstrated absolute authority over sin, death, and the devil through His life, crucifixion, and resurrection. His miracles—healing the sick, casting out demons, calming storms, and raising the dead—were the ultimate "signs and wonders," authenticating His divine identity and mission (John 20:30-31). The "great and sore" judgment upon Egypt prefigures the cosmic judgment against sin and evil that culminated at the cross, where Jesus bore the full weight of divine wrath, offering a complete and final deliverance for all who believe (see Colossians 2:13-15). Through His sacrifice, Jesus leads His people out of bondage to sin and into the freedom of the New Covenant, a redemption far greater and more eternal than the physical liberation from Egypt (Hebrews 9:11-14). The "before our eyes" testimony of the Exodus generation is echoed in the New Testament witness to Christ's resurrection, which forms the bedrock of Christian faith and is proclaimed for all to believe and be saved (Acts 2:32).