Revelation17

An angel reveals to John the judgment of "Babylon the Great," a harlot adorned in luxury, drunken with the blood of saints, sitting upon a scarlet beast with seven heads and ten horns. The angel explains the mystery of the beast, its heads representing mountains and kings, and the ten horns as kings who will initially align with the beast. Ultimately, these ten kings will turn against and destroy the harlot city, though the Lamb will overcome all earthly powers.

The Judgment of the Great Harlot

1
One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke with me, saying, “Come here. I will show you the judgment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters, ​
2
with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality, and those who dwell in the earth were made drunken with the wine of her sexual immorality.” ​
3
He carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness. I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet-colored animal, full of blasphemous names, having seven heads and ten horns. ​
4
The woman was dressed in purple and scarlet, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having in her hand a golden cup full of abominations and the impurities of the sexual immorality of the earth.
5
And on her forehead a name was written, “MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF THE PROSTITUTES AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.” ​
6
I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the holy ones, and with the blood of the martyrs of Yeshua. When I saw her, I wondered with great amazement. ​

The Mystery of the Beast and the Woman

7
The angel said to me, “Why do you wonder? I will tell you the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carries her, which has the seven heads and the ten horns.
8
The beast that you saw was, and is not; and is about to come up out of the abyss and to go into destruction. Those who dwell on the earth and whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world will marvel when they see that the beast was, and is not, and shall be present. ​
9
Here is the mind that has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sits. ​
10
They are seven kings. Five have fallen, the one is, the other has not yet come. When he comes, he must continue a little while. ​
11
The beast that was, and is not, is himself also an eighth, and is of the seven; and he goes to destruction. ​
12
The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have received no kingdom as yet, but they receive authority as kings, with the beast, for one hour. ​
13
These have one mind, and they give their power and authority to the beast.
14
These will war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings, and those who are with him are called, chosen, and faithful.” ​

The Destruction of Babylon Foretold

15
He said to me, “The waters which you saw, where the prostitute sits, are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. ​
16
The ten horns which you saw, and the beast, these will hate the prostitute, and will make her desolate, and will make her naked, and will eat her flesh, and will burn her utterly with fire. ​
17
For God has put in their hearts to do what he has in mind, and to be of one mind, and to give their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God should be accomplished.
18
The woman whom you saw is the great city, which reigns over the kings of the earth.” ​

Study Notes for Revelation 17

Verse 1

The angel who poured out one of the seven bowls (Ch. 16) now explains the coming judgment. The 'great whore' is a prophetic symbol for idolatrous and corrupt political or economic power, historically identified with the city of Rome.

Verse 2

Fornication here signifies spiritual and political unfaithfulness to God, where the world's leaders and inhabitants engage in idolatry, immorality, and economic exploitation driven by the Harlot.

Verse 3

The woman riding the Beast symbolizes that the corrupt religious/economic system (the woman) is temporarily supported and controlled by the global political system (the Beast) to fulfill its worldly agenda.

Verse 5

The title 'MYSTERY' indicates this is a symbolic entity, not just a literal city. 'Babylon the Great' represents the spiritual successor to Old Testament Babylon, embodying all human rebellion against God throughout history.

Verse 6

This confirms that the Harlot, representing the oppressive state, is responsible for intense persecution and martyrdom of God's people. John's 'great admiration' signifies his profound shock and awe at the terrifying nature and scope of this evil power.

Verse 8

The Beast’s description ('was, and is not, and yet is') reflects a demonic imitation of Christ, suggesting a power that appears to die and resurrect, mesmerizing the world (cf. Rev. 13:3). It is destined for 'perdition' (eternal destruction).

Verse 9

The 'seven mountains' is a clear historical reference to the city of Rome, which was famously built upon seven hills. This grounds the immediate context of the vision in the Roman Empire of John's time.

Verse 10

This cryptic reference likely refers to a specific chronology of Roman emperors known to John’s readers. The phrase highlights the temporary and unstable nature of all earthly political power compared to God's eternal rule.

Verse 11

The Beast is the 'eighth' king, yet 'is of the seven,' suggesting that the final manifestation of the Beast is a resurrected form or embodiment of the evil forces that characterized the previous seven.

Verse 12

The 'ten horns' symbolize ten kings or political powers who receive temporary, full authority alongside the Beast. They represent the ultimate global political consolidation opposing God.

Verse 14

This verse offers the theological assurance that despite the Beast’s power, the war against the Church is fundamentally a war against Christ. The Lamb’s victory is certain, confirming His identity as ultimate sovereign over all earthly rulers.

Verse 15

The 'waters' are explicitly interpreted as the vast numbers of peoples, nations, and languages over whom the Harlot exerts influence. This confirms the global reach of the anti-God system.

Verse 16

In a shocking twist, the political powers supporting the Harlot (the ten horns and the Beast) turn on her and destroy her. God uses the wickedness of the world systems to execute judgment upon each other.

Verse 18

This final identification confirms that the Woman represents the oppressive political and economic center that dominates the world's kings. In John's day, this was unequivocally the city of Rome.

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