1 Chronicles 11:20

KJV

And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew [them], and had a name among the three.

KJV (with Strong's)

And Abishai {H52} the brother {H251} of Joab {H3097}, he was chief {H7218} of the three {H7969}: for lifting up {H5782} his spear {H2595} against three {H7969} hundred {H3967}, he slew {H2491} them, and had a name {H8034} among the three {H7969}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Avishai the brother of Yo'av was chief of these three. He raised his spear against 300 men and killed them; thus he had a reputation even among the three.

Berean Standard Bible

Now Abishai, the brother of Joab, was chief of the Three, and he lifted his spear against three hundred men, killed them, and won a name along with the Three.

American Standard Version

And Abishai, the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three; for he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 11:20 introduces Abishai, the brother of Joab, as a preeminent warrior in King David's elite corps of "mighty men." This verse specifically recounts his extraordinary feat of valor: single-handedly wielding his spear against three hundred adversaries and slaying them. This remarkable act solidified his reputation and secured his distinguished position as "chief of the three," signifying his leadership among a highly esteemed tier of David's most formidable champions.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within 1 Chronicles 11, a pivotal chapter that first details David's anointing as king over all Israel in Hebron, marking the unification of the tribes. Immediately following this, the chapter transitions into a comprehensive list of David's "mighty men," the elite warriors who were instrumental in establishing and securing his kingdom. This list, which parallels the account in [2 Samuel 23](/2_samuel/23 "2 Samuel 23 - David's Mighty Men"), serves to underscore the strength and divine backing of David's reign. Abishai's inclusion and the specific description of his deed highlight his individual prowess within this celebrated company, placing him among the most distinguished, though distinct from the very top "three" (Jashobeam, Eleazar, and Shammah) who are mentioned earlier in the chapter. The narrative structure emphasizes that David's success was not merely his own but was powerfully supported by these divinely enabled champions.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Near Eastern societies, military prowess and personal valor were highly esteemed, particularly in the formation and maintenance of kingdoms. Kings relied heavily on loyal and skilled warriors to expand their territory, defend their borders, and enforce their rule. The concept of "mighty men" (גִּבֹּרִים, *gibborim*) was common, denoting individuals of exceptional strength, courage, and military skill. Their deeds, often exaggerated in recounting, served to inspire awe and solidify the legitimacy and power of the king they served. The act of "lifting up his spear against three hundred" would have been understood as an almost superhuman feat, indicative of divine favor and an individual's extraordinary martial ability. Such acts were crucial for building the reputation of both the warrior and the king, fostering loyalty and deterring enemies. The mention of "a name among the three" speaks to the profound cultural value placed on renown and a lasting legacy achieved through heroic deeds.
* **Key Themes:** Abishai's account in [1 Chronicles 11:20](/1_chronicles/11-20 "1 Chronicles 11:20 - Abishai's Valor") contributes to several overarching themes within Chronicles and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully illustrates **Exceptional Valor and Courage**, showcasing the extraordinary bravery required to confront overwhelming odds. This courage is often presented as divinely empowered, reflecting God's work through human agents. Secondly, the phrase "had a name among the three" underscores the theme of **Recognition and Renown** for faithful and heroic service. Such recognition was not merely for personal glory but also served to glorify the king and, ultimately, the God who granted such strength. Thirdly, the collective actions of David's mighty men, including Abishai, highlight the theme of **Loyalty and Service to God's Anointed King**. Their unwavering dedication to David was foundational to the establishment and security of the Davidic dynasty, which itself prefigures the eternal kingdom of Christ. Lastly, the passage subtly points to the theme of **Divine Enablement**, as such feats of strength are often attributed to God's hand empowering His chosen instruments, as seen in other accounts of Israel's military victories throughout [the Old Testament](/genesis/1 "Genesis 1 - The Creation Account").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Chief (Hebrew, _ro'sh_):** The Hebrew word רֹאשׁ (*ro'sh*) literally means "head" and is frequently used to denote a leader, chief, or principal figure. In this context, "chief of the three" (רֹאשׁ הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה, *ro'sh hash-sh'loshah*) signifies Abishai's leadership position within a specific, highly distinguished group of three warriors. While there was a supreme "chief of the three" (Jashobeam, Eleazar, Shammah), Abishai is understood to lead the "second three" or to be a particularly prominent figure among the "thirty" mighty men, demonstrating his exceptional standing and authority among David's elite forces. His designation as "chief" underscores his strategic importance and the respect he commanded.
* **Slew (Hebrew, _vayyaharog_):** The verb וַיַּהֲרֹג (*vayyaharog*) is a strong, active verb meaning "and he killed" or "and he slew." It conveys the decisive and lethal nature of Abishai's action. The use of this direct verb emphasizes the totality of his victory over the three hundred men, leaving no ambiguity about the outcome of his confrontation. It highlights the raw power and effectiveness of his military skill.
* **Name (Hebrew, _shem_):** The Hebrew word שֵׁם (*shem*) refers to a "name," but in biblical culture, a name often encapsulated a person's reputation, character, and legacy. To "have a name" (וַיְהִי־לוֹ שֵׁם, *vayhi-lo shem*) among the elite warriors meant that Abishai's heroic deed earned him lasting fame, honor, and recognition. His actions were not forgotten but became part of the collective memory and legend of David's kingdom, solidifying his place in history as a warrior of immense renown.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And Abishai the brother of Joab":** This opening phrase immediately identifies Abishai by his familial relationship to Joab, who was David's formidable and often ruthless commander of the army. This connection would have instantly signaled Abishai's own significant standing and likely his shared martial prowess, given Joab's reputation. It establishes his lineage and his place within the influential family of Zeruiah, David's sister.
* **"he was chief of the three":** This clause specifies Abishai's elevated rank among David's warriors. While the exact composition of "the three" he was chief of is debated (some scholars suggest a "second three" distinct from the "first three" mentioned earlier in the chapter), it unequivocally places him in a position of leadership and exceptional distinction. He was not merely one of the "thirty" but held a superior position within a smaller, even more elite cohort.
* **"for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew [them]":** This is the core of Abishai's heroic deed. The phrase "lifting up his spear" vividly portrays the direct, personal combat involved. The number "three hundred" represents an overwhelming numerical disadvantage, making his victory a testament to extraordinary courage, skill, and possibly divine empowerment. The act of "slew [them]" confirms his decisive triumph over this vast number of adversaries, solidifying his legendary status.
* **"and had a name among the three":** This concluding phrase reiterates and emphasizes the lasting impact of Abishai's feat. His action earned him not just a temporary commendation but a permanent "name" or reputation among the most celebrated warriors. This "name" signifies his enduring fame and the recognition of his exceptional valor by his peers and by history, confirming his indelible mark on the annals of David's reign.

#### Literary Devices
The account of Abishai's feat in [1 Chronicles 11:20](/1_chronicles/11-20 "1 Chronicles 11:20 - Abishai's Valor") employs several **Literary Devices** to amplify its impact and convey its significance. The most prominent is **Hyperbole**, where Abishai's single-handed slaying of three hundred men is presented in a way that emphasizes the extraordinary, almost superhuman nature of his valor. While such numbers might be literal, they often function to magnify the hero's prowess and the magnitude of the victory, making the deed legendary. The **Repetition** of "the three" (referring to his leadership and renown among this elite group) serves to underscore his specific, elevated status and the particular tier of warriors he belonged to. There is also an implicit **Parallelism** with the other accounts of David's mighty men, where each warrior's specific, astounding feat is highlighted to build a collective picture of David's divinely supported military might. The narrative uses **Emphasis** on action verbs ("lifting up," "slew") to create a dynamic and impactful portrayal of Abishai's decisive courage, ensuring the reader grasps the magnitude of his achievement and the renown it brought him.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Abishai's incredible feat in [1 Chronicles 11:20](/1_chronicles/11-20 "1 Chronicles 11:20 - Abishai's Valor") serves as a powerful illustration of how God works through courageous and dedicated human agents to accomplish His purposes. While Abishai's strength was exceptional, the biblical narrative often implies divine enablement behind such extraordinary valor, especially when it serves the establishment of God's chosen king and kingdom. His willingness to face overwhelming odds speaks to a faith that trusts in a power greater than oneself, even in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges. The recognition he received underscores the principle that faithful and valiant service, particularly in the Lord's work, does not go unnoticed and often brings lasting honor. This account reminds us that God often uses the "mighty" (in skill or courage) to achieve His ends, but also that true might comes from Him.

* [2 Samuel 23:18-19](/2_samuel/23-18 "2 Samuel 23:18-19 - Abishai's Deed in Samuel")
* [Psalm 18:32-34](/psalms/18-32 "Psalm 18:32-34 - God Equips for Battle")
* [Proverbs 16:32](/proverbs/16-32 "Proverbs 16:32 - Better to be Patient than Mighty")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Abishai's story is a compelling call to courage and unwavering commitment in the face of daunting challenges, both personal and spiritual. Just as he faced 300 adversaries with a single spear, we are often confronted with situations that seem overwhelming, whether they are personal struggles, professional obstacles, or spiritual battles against the forces of darkness. His example encourages us to not shrink back from what appears to be impossible, but to step forward with boldness, trusting that God can empower us to accomplish what is beyond our natural abilities. Furthermore, Abishai's "name among the three" reminds us that faithfulness and diligent service, even in the background or in seemingly small acts, contribute to a greater purpose and are recognized by God. Our "battles" today may not involve physical spears, but they require spiritual fortitude, perseverance, and loyalty to Christ, our King. We are called to be "mighty" in faith, standing firm and fighting the good fight, knowing that our efforts contribute to the advancement of God's eternal kingdom.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "three hundred" challenges or overwhelming odds are you facing in your life right now, and how might Abishai's courage inspire you?**
* **In what areas of your life or service are you called to demonstrate exceptional valor, trusting in God's strength rather than your own?**
* **How does the concept of "having a name" for faithful service motivate or challenge your current walk with God?**
* **Considering Abishai's loyalty to David, how does your loyalty to Christ manifest in your daily actions and decisions?**

### FAQ
**Was Abishai one of "the three" or "the thirty" mighty men?**

Answer: Abishai was clearly one of David's most celebrated warriors, but his exact position relative to "the three" and "the thirty" requires clarification. The text states he was "chief of the three," which has led to scholarly debate. It's generally understood that there was a supreme "chief of the three" (Jashobeam, Eleazar, and Shammah, mentioned earlier in [1 Chronicles 11:11-19](/1_chronicles/11-11 "1 Chronicles 11:11-11 - David's Chief Mighty Men")), who performed even greater feats. Abishai is often considered the leader of a "second three" or a highly distinguished member of the broader group of "the thirty" mighty men. His specific deed and recognition ("had a name among the three") signify his unique and elevated status, placing him among the most elite, even if not in the absolute top tier of the initial "three." He certainly outranked the general "thirty" and held a position of significant leadership and renown.

**How could one man slay three hundred with a spear?**

Answer: The account of Abishai slaying three hundred men with his spear is a testament to extraordinary martial skill, courage, and possibly divine enablement. While the number "three hundred" could be taken literally, ancient battle accounts often use large numbers to signify overwhelming odds and the immense prowess of the hero. It highlights the decisive nature of his victory and the legendary status it conferred upon him. Such feats, like Shamgar's slaying of six hundred Philistines with an ox goad ([Judges 3:31](/judges/3-31 "Judges 3:31 - Shamgar's Feat")), are presented as divinely assisted acts, demonstrating God's power working through His chosen instruments. It's less about the exact arithmetic and more about conveying the magnitude of Abishai's valor and the awe it inspired.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Abishai, as a mighty warrior who secured David's earthly kingdom through his valor and loyalty, serves as a powerful foreshadowing of Jesus Christ, the ultimate and perfect King-Warrior. Just as Abishai fought against overwhelming odds to establish David's reign, Christ engaged in the ultimate spiritual battle against sin, death, and the powers of darkness, not with a physical spear, but through His perfect obedience, sacrificial death, and glorious resurrection. Where Abishai's victory brought a "name" among men, Christ's victory earned Him "the name which is above every name" ([Philippians 2:9](/philippians/2-9 "Philippians 2:9 - The Name Above All Names")), before whom every knee will bow. Abishai's unwavering loyalty to David points to Christ's perfect faithfulness to the Father's will ([John 6:38](/john/6-38 "John 6:38 - Jesus' Obedience to the Father")). The establishment of David's kingdom through his mighty men finds its ultimate fulfillment in the eternal, unshakable kingdom of God, inaugurated by Christ's first coming and consummated at His second ([Colossians 1:13](/colossians/1-13 "Colossians 1:13 - Kingdom of His Dear Son")). Abishai's strength was human, albeit divinely empowered; Christ's strength is divine, perfectly manifested in His humanity, conquering not just 300 adversaries, but the very power of death for all who believe ([Hebrews 2:14-15](/hebrews/2-14 "Hebrews 2:14-15 - Christ's Victory Over Death")). He is the true "Chief of the Three" – the Trinity – and the one who has secured eternal victory for His people.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Samuel 26:6

¶ Then answered David and said to Ahimelech the Hittite, and to Abishai the son of Zeruiah, brother to Joab, saying, Who will go down with me to Saul to the camp? And Abishai said, I will go down with thee.

2 Samuel 18:2

And David sent forth a third part of the people under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said unto the people, I will surely go forth with you myself also.

2 Samuel 23:18

And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, [and] slew [them], and had the name among three.

2 Samuel 23:39

Uriah the Hittite: thirty and seven in all.

2 Samuel 20:6

And David said to Abishai, Now shall Sheba the son of Bichri do us more harm than [did] Absalom: take thou thy lord's servants, and pursue after him, lest he get him fenced cities, and escape us.

2 Samuel 3:30

So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had slain their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

1 Chronicles 2:16

Whose sisters [were] Zeruiah, and Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah; Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, three.