The Greek word Alphaîos, represented by G256, is the proper name of an Israelite man, Alphæus. It appears 5 times across 5 unique verses in the Bible. This name is used exclusively in a patronymic context, serving to identify two significant individuals in the New Testament by naming their father.
In the biblical narrative, G256 is used to identify the father of two of Jesus's disciples. Four of its occurrences are in the lists of the twelve apostles, where James the son of Alphaeus is named (Matthew 10:3, Mark 3:18, Luke 6:15, Acts 1:13). The fifth occurrence identifies Levi the son of Alphaeus, a tax collector whom Jesus calls to follow him while he is sitting G2521 at the receipt of custom G5058 Mark 2:14. This Levi G3018 is also known as Matthew G3156, linking Alphaeus to two of the apostles.
Several related names and terms clarify the context surrounding Alphaeus and his sons:
- G2385 Iákōbos (James): The name of one of the sons of Alphaeus, consistently listed as one of the twelve apostles (Matthew 10:3, Mark 3:18, Luke 6:15).
- G3018 Leuḯs (Levi): Identified as the son of Alphaeus in Mark 2:14. His calling narrative shows Jesus finding him at the receipt of custom G5058 and saying Follow G190 me.
- G3156 Matthaîos (Matthew): The name used for this same apostle who is also identified as a publican G5057 in the apostolic list in Matthew 10:3.
- G5057 telṓnēs (publican): This term describes the profession of Levi/Matthew. His role as a tax-farmer, a collector of public revenue, is a key detail in the account of his calling.
The use of the name Alphaeus G256 carries significant weight in establishing the identities of the apostles and illustrating the nature of Jesus's ministry.
- Apostolic Identification: The name provides crucial clarification in the apostolic lists, distinguishing James the son of Alphaeus from the other prominent apostle named James (Matthew 10:3, Luke 6:15).
- Family Connection: By identifying both James G2385 and Levi G3018 as sons of Alphaeus, the scripture suggests a sibling relationship between two of the apostles (Mark 2:14, Mark 3:18).
- Calling of a Sinner: The most profound significance is tied to Alphaeus's son, Levi/Matthew, the publican G5057. His calling demonstrates Jesus's mission to call G2564 not the righteous, but sinners to G1519 repentance Matthew 9:13.
In summary, G256 Alphaîos is more than just a name in a genealogy. It is a vital marker for identifying two of Jesus's apostles, James G2385 and Matthew G3156. Through its use, the scriptures not only provide clarity in the lists of the disciples but also highlight a central theme of the gospel: Jesus's call extends to all, including a publican G5057 son of Alphaeus, inviting him to follow G190 and become a foundational member of the church.
TRV