### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **Matthaîos**, represented by `{{G3156}}`, is the proper name **Matthew**. It is a shorter form of Matthathias and identifies an Israelite and a Christian. Occurring **5 times** in **5 unique verses**, it exclusively refers to the apostle who was called by Jesus.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G3156}}` is used to identify a key disciple. His calling is described in detail, where Jesus `{{G2424}}` **saw** `{{G1492}}` a man named **Matthew** sitting at the **receipt of custom** `{{G5058}}` and said, "Follow me" [[Matthew 9:9]]. The response was immediate, as Matthew **arose** `{{G450}}` and followed him. In other contexts, he is consistently included in the formal listings of the twelve apostles, sometimes with the descriptor "**Matthew** the **publican** `{{G5057}}`" to note his former profession ([[Matthew 10:3]], [[Mark 3:18]], [[Acts 1:13]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the context of Matthew's identity and calling:
* `{{G5057}}` **telṓnēs** (a tax-farmer, i.e. collector of public revenue): This descriptor, used in [[Matthew 10:3]], defines Matthew's occupation at the time of his calling and highlights the social standing from which he was chosen.
* `{{G5058}}` **telṓnion** (a tax-gatherer's place of business): This is the location where Jesus found Matthew, identifying his workplace as the "receipt of custom" [[Matthew 9:9]].
* `{{G190}}` **akolouthéō** (to be in the same way with, i.e. to accompany (specially, as a disciple)): This verb captures both Jesus's command to Matthew and his immediate response, signifying the act of leaving his old life to become a disciple [[Matthew 9:9]].
### Theological Significance
The story of **Matthew** `{{G3156}}` carries significant theological weight.
* **The Call to the Outcast:** As a **publican** `{{G5057}}`, Matthew would have been viewed as a sinner by many. Jesus's specific choice to **call** `{{G2564}}` him demonstrates that His invitation extends to all, regardless of their past or social status [[Matthew 9:9]].
* **Transformative Discipleship:** Matthew's immediate action to **arise** `{{G450}}` and **follow** `{{G190}}` Jesus illustrates a radical and decisive turning point. He abandons his former life for a new identity as a follower of Christ.
* **Apostolic Identity:** His inclusion in every list of the twelve apostles confirms his full acceptance and new status as a foundational leader in the early church, moving from a tax collector to a commissioned representative of Jesus ([[Acts 1:13]], [[Luke 6:15]]).
### Summary
In summary, **Matthaîos** `{{G3156}}` is more than just a name; it represents the transformative power of Jesus's call. The account of Matthew the **publican** `{{G5057}}` becoming Matthew the apostle is a clear illustration of redemption, the inclusivity of grace, and the radical obedience required to **follow** `{{G190}}` Christ. His story serves as a testament to the fact that no one is beyond the reach of God's call.
TRV