The Greek word Matthaîos, represented by G3156, is the proper name Matthew. It is a shorter form of Matthathias and identifies an Israelite and a Christian. Occurring 5 times in 5 unique verses, it exclusively refers to the apostle who was called by Jesus.
In the biblical narrative, G3156 is used to identify a key disciple. His calling is described in detail, where Jesus G2424 saw G1492 a man named Matthew sitting at the receipt of custom G5058 and said, "Follow me" Matthew 9:9. The response was immediate, as Matthew arose G450 and followed him. In other contexts, he is consistently included in the formal listings of the twelve apostles, sometimes with the descriptor "Matthew the publican G5057" to note his former profession (Matthew 10:3, Mark 3:18, Acts 1:13).
Several related words clarify the context of Matthew's identity and calling:
- G5057 telṓnēs (a tax-farmer, i.e. collector of public revenue): This descriptor, used in Matthew 10:3, defines Matthew's occupation at the time of his calling and highlights the social standing from which he was chosen.
- G5058 telṓnion (a tax-gatherer's place of business): This is the location where Jesus found Matthew, identifying his workplace as the "receipt of custom" Matthew 9:9.
- G190 akolouthéō (to be in the same way with, i.e. to accompany (specially, as a disciple)): This verb captures both Jesus's command to Matthew and his immediate response, signifying the act of leaving his old life to become a disciple Matthew 9:9.
The story of Matthew G3156 carries significant theological weight.
- The Call to the Outcast: As a publican G5057, Matthew would have been viewed as a sinner by many. Jesus's specific choice to call G2564 him demonstrates that His invitation extends to all, regardless of their past or social status Matthew 9:9.
- Transformative Discipleship: Matthew's immediate action to arise G450 and follow G190 Jesus illustrates a radical and decisive turning point. He abandons his former life for a new identity as a follower of Christ.
- Apostolic Identity: His inclusion in every list of the twelve apostles confirms his full acceptance and new status as a foundational leader in the early church, moving from a tax collector to a commissioned representative of Jesus (Acts 1:13, Luke 6:15).
In summary, Matthaîos G3156 is more than just a name; it represents the transformative power of Jesus's call. The account of Matthew the publican G5057 becoming Matthew the apostle is a clear illustration of redemption, the inclusivity of grace, and the radical obedience required to follow G190 Christ. His story serves as a testament to the fact that no one is beyond the reach of God's call.
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