Obadiah 1:1

KJV

¶ The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom; We have heard a rumour from the LORD, and an ambassador is sent among the heathen, Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle.

KJV (with Strong's)

The vision {H2377} of Obadiah {H5662}. Thus saith {H559} the Lord {H136} GOD {H3069} concerning Edom {H123}; We have heard {H8085} a rumour {H8052} from the LORD {H3068}, and an ambassador {H6735} is sent {H7971} among the heathen {H1471}, Arise {H6965} ye, and let us rise up {H6965} against her in battle {H4421}.

Complete Jewish Bible

This is the vision of 'Ovadyah. Here is what Adonai ELOHIM says about Edom. As a messenger was being sent among the nations saying, "Come on, let's attack her," we heard a message from ADONAI:

Berean Standard Bible

This is the vision of Obadiah: This is what the Lord GOD says about Edom— We have heard a message from the LORD; an envoy has been sent among the nations to say, “Rise up, and let us go to battle against her!”—

American Standard Version

The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lord Jehovah concerning Edom: We have heard tidings from Jehovah, and an ambassador is sent among the nations, saying, Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Obadiah 1:1 serves as the prophetic introduction to the shortest book in the Old Testament, declaring a divine vision received by the prophet Obadiah. It immediately establishes the central theme: a pronouncement of judgment from the Lord GOD specifically "concerning Edom." The verse reveals that this impending judgment is not a mere human conjecture but originates from a divine decree, a "rumour" or authoritative report heard from the LORD Himself, which is then being communicated to other nations through an ambassador, stirring them to prepare for battle against Edom.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Obadiah 1:1 functions as the superscription and immediate opening of the book of Obadiah, setting the stage for the entire prophecy. As the shortest book in the Old Testament, its singular focus on the judgment of Edom is immediately apparent from this verse. The "vision" introduced here is the entirety of the subsequent oracle, which details Edom's pride, their betrayal of Judah during a time of crisis, and the complete destruction that awaits them. This verse, therefore, acts as a divine warrant for the severe pronouncements that follow, emphasizing that the message is not Obadiah's own but a direct revelation from God.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Edom was the nation descended from Esau, the twin brother of Jacob (Israel), as recounted in [Genesis 25:23-30](/genesis/25-23-30 "Genesis 25:23-30 - Birth of Esau and Jacob"). Their relationship with Israel was marked by a long history of animosity and conflict, despite their familial ties. Geographically, Edom occupied the mountainous region south and east of the Dead Sea, a strategic location that fostered a sense of invincibility due to their seemingly impregnable fortresses (cf. [Obadiah 1:3-4](/obadiah/1-3-4 "Obadiah 1:3-4 - Edom's Pride and Downfall")). The most probable historical backdrop for this prophecy is Edom's complicity and active participation in the Babylonian conquest and destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC, as detailed in [Obadiah 1:10-14](/obadiah/1-10-14 "Obadiah 1:10-14 - Edom's Treachery Against Judah"). Their actions during this critical time, rather than offering aid to their "brother" Judah, solidified their fate in divine judgment.
* **Key Themes:** This opening verse introduces several key themes that permeate the book of Obadiah and resonate throughout biblical prophecy. Foremost is the theme of **divine sovereignty**, highlighted by the phrase "Thus saith the Lord GOD" and the concept of a "rumour from the LORD." God is not a passive observer but actively orchestrates the affairs of nations, even using "the heathen" as instruments of His will. Another crucial theme is **justice for oppression**, specifically against God's people. Edom's pride and violence against Judah will not go unpunished, underscoring God's commitment to vindicating His covenant people and holding all nations accountable for their actions, as seen in broader prophetic literature like [Isaiah 34](/isaiah/34 "Isaiah 34 - Judgment on Edom") and [Ezekiel 35](/ezekiel/35 "Ezekiel 35 - Prophecy Against Mount Seir"). The theme of **retribution** is also nascent here, where Edom's actions will ultimately rebound upon them.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Vision (Hebrew, _châzôwn'_):** From the root meaning "to see," this term denotes a prophetic revelation, an oracle, or a divine communication received by a prophet, often in a dream-like state or through direct spiritual perception. It emphasizes that the ensuing message is not human wisdom or opinion, but a direct, authoritative disclosure from God, making the prophecy binding and certain in its fulfillment.
* **Lord GOD (Hebrew, _ʼĂdônây Yᵉhôvih'_):** This double divine title, rendered "Lord GOD" in KJV, combines _Adonai_ (meaning "my Lord" or "sovereign master," emphasizing God's absolute authority and ownership) with _Yehovih_ (a vocalization of YHWH, the covenant name of God, _Jehovah_ or _Yahweh_, emphasizing His self-existence, faithfulness, and covenant relationship). The combination powerfully asserts God's supreme, sovereign authority over all creation and His unwavering commitment to His covenant purposes, especially in executing justice.
* **Rumour (Hebrew, _shᵉmûwʻâh'_):** This word signifies something heard, an announcement, report, or tidings. In this context, "a rumour from the LORD" suggests a message originating in the divine council, a heavenly decree or plan that has been decided and is now being put into action. It implies an authoritative, pre-determined divine purpose, rather than a mere whisper or speculation, underscoring the certainty and divine origin of the impending judgment against Edom.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"¶ The vision of Obadiah."**: This opening phrase identifies the prophet as Obadiah and the nature of the message as a "vision," a direct divine revelation. The paragraph marker (¶) indicates a new section or thought in the KJV.
* **"Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning Edom;"**: This is a classic prophetic formula, asserting the divine origin and authority of the message. The combined divine titles "Lord GOD" emphasize God's absolute sovereignty and covenant faithfulness. The target of the prophecy is explicitly named: "Edom," setting the stage for the book's singular focus.
* **"We have heard a rumour from the LORD,"**: This clause indicates the source of the divine intelligence. The "we" likely refers to the prophetic community or perhaps even the divine council, implying a shared, certain knowledge of God's decree. The "rumour" is not idle gossip but an authoritative report or decision originating directly from YHWH, the covenant God of Israel.
* **"and an ambassador is sent among the heathen,"**: This reveals the mechanism by which God's decree is being enacted. An "ambassador" (a messenger or envoy) is dispatched not to Israel, but "among the heathen" (foreign nations). This signifies God's sovereign control over all nations, using them, even those who do not acknowledge Him, as instruments to fulfill His purposes.
* **"Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle."**: This is the content of the ambassador's message to the heathen nations. It is a divine summons to war against Edom. The imperative "Arise ye" and the collective "let us rise up" indicate a call to action, mobilizing a confederation of nations to execute God's judgment, highlighting the certainty and imminence of Edom's downfall.

#### Literary Devices
Obadiah 1:1 employs several powerful literary devices. **Divine Oracle** is the overarching device, signaled by "The vision of Obadiah" and "Thus saith the Lord GOD," immediately establishing the text as a direct, authoritative message from God. The phrase "We have heard a rumour from the LORD" uses **Anthropomorphism**, attributing the human action of "hearing" to God or His heavenly court, making the divine decree relatable and emphasizing its certainty. The sending of an "ambassador... among the heathen" and the subsequent call to "Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle" employs **Personification** and **Imperative Mood**, giving agency to an abstract divine plan and directly commanding nations into action. There is also an element of **Irony**, as God uses "heathen" nations, often considered enemies of Israel, as instruments of His justice against Edom, who were kinsmen but acted as adversaries.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Obadiah 1:1 profoundly establishes God's absolute sovereignty over all nations, not just Israel. It reveals that divine judgment is not arbitrary but flows from a pre-determined, righteous decree originating in God's own council. The "rumour from the LORD" signifies a settled divine plan, demonstrating that God is actively involved in the affairs of humanity, orchestrating events and raising up nations to fulfill His purposes, particularly in executing justice against those who oppress His people or act with pride and violence. This foundational truth underscores that no nation, regardless of its perceived strength or security, is beyond the reach of God's ultimate authority and righteous judgment.

* [Jeremiah 49:7-22](/jeremiah/49-7-22 "Jeremiah's Prophecy Against Edom")
* [Ezekiel 25:12-14](/ezekiel/25-12-14 "Ezekiel's Prophecy Against Edom")
* [Isaiah 34:5-17](/isaiah/34-5-17 "Isaiah's Prophecy Against Edom")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Obadiah 1:1 serves as a powerful reminder that God is actively engaged in the world, overseeing the rise and fall of nations and holding all accountable for their actions. For believers, this verse instills confidence in God's ultimate justice; no act of oppression or betrayal, particularly against His people, goes unnoticed or unaddressed in the divine economy. It calls us to trust in God's perfect timing and methods, even when His justice seems delayed or when He uses unexpected instruments to achieve His purposes. Furthermore, it serves as a sobering warning against pride, complicity in injustice, and the mistreatment of others, especially those who are vulnerable or belong to God's family. Our actions have eternal consequences, and God's sovereign plan will ultimately prevail, bringing about righteousness and vindication.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the concept of a "vision of Obadiah" and a "rumour from the LORD" encourage your trust in the divine origin and certainty of biblical prophecy?**
* **In what ways does God's use of "the heathen" to execute His judgment on Edom challenge or affirm your understanding of God's sovereignty over all nations?**
* **Considering Edom's historical relationship with Israel, what lessons can we draw about the consequences of familial strife and betrayal, even in our own relationships?**
* **How does the message of divine justice against Edom inspire you to pray for justice in the world today, particularly for those who are oppressed or marginalized?**

### FAQ
**Who was Obadiah, and why is his book so short?**

Answer: Very little is known about the prophet Obadiah beyond his name, which means "servant of Yahweh" or "worshiper of Yahweh." He is not mentioned elsewhere in the biblical record. The brevity of his book (only 21 verses) is due to its singular focus: a highly concentrated oracle of judgment against the nation of Edom. Unlike longer prophetic books that often contain multiple messages, historical narratives, or extensive calls to repentance for Israel, Obadiah's prophecy is a concise, laser-focused pronouncement of divine retribution for Edom's specific acts of treachery against Judah, particularly during the destruction of Jerusalem (see [Obadiah 1:10-14](/obadiah/1-10-14 "Obadiah 1:10-14 - Edom's Treachery")).

**What does "We have heard a rumour from the LORD" imply about God's plan?**

Answer: This phrase signifies much more than mere hearsay. In a prophetic context, a "rumour from the LORD" (Hebrew: _shᵉmûwʻâh_) refers to an authoritative report or decree originating directly from God's heavenly council. It implies that the judgment against Edom is not a spontaneous reaction but a pre-determined, settled divine plan. It suggests that God has already made His decision concerning Edom's fate and is now actively putting that plan into motion, even dispatching an "ambassador" to rally other nations as instruments of His will. This highlights God's meticulous planning and sovereign control over human history, ensuring that His purposes will be fulfilled (cf. [Isaiah 46:10](/isaiah/46-10 "Isaiah 46:10 - God Declares the End from the Beginning")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Obadiah's prophecy focuses on the historical judgment of Edom, its ultimate fulfillment points to the broader biblical narrative of God's righteous judgment against all who oppose His people and His kingdom, culminating in the redemptive work and final triumph of Jesus Christ. The "vision of Obadiah" and the "rumour from the LORD" foreshadow the ultimate divine revelation found in Christ, who is the full and final Word of God (cf. [Hebrews 1:1-3](/hebrews/1-1-3 "Hebrews 1:1-3 - God Has Spoken Through His Son")). The ambassador sent among the heathen to stir them to battle against Edom prefigures Christ's role as the ultimate divine Ambassador and King, who will one day execute perfect justice upon all nations. Just as Edom faced divine retribution for their pride and violence, so too will all unrighteousness be judged at Christ's return. He is the one who will gather the nations for final judgment, separating the sheep from the goats (cf. [Matthew 25:31-46](/matthew/25-31-46 "Matthew 25:31-46 - The Judgment of the Nations")), and He is the "Lamb of God" who takes away the sin of the world for those who believe, while also being the Lion of Judah who will conquer all His enemies (cf. [Revelation 5:5-6](/revelation/5-5-6 "Revelation 5:5-6 - The Lion and the Lamb")). Thus, Obadiah's message of divine justice finds its ultimate and comprehensive fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ, who is both the righteous Judge and the merciful Savior.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Amos 1:11

Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn away [the punishment] thereof; because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever:

Amos 1:12

But I will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.

Joel 3:19

Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence [against] the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.

Isaiah 63:1

¶ Who [is] this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this [that is] glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save.

Isaiah 63:6

And I will tread down the people in mine anger, and make them drunk in my fury, and I will bring down their strength to the earth.

Malachi 1:3

And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.

Malachi 1:4

Whereas Edom saith, We are impoverished, but we will return and build the desolate places; thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall build, but I will throw down; and they shall call them, The border of wickedness, and, The people against whom the LORD hath indignation for ever.