Joshua 16:2

KJV

And goeth out from Bethel to Luz, and passeth along unto the borders of Archi to Ataroth,

KJV (with Strong's)

And goeth out {H3318} from Bethel {H1008} to Luz {H3870}, and passeth along {H5674} unto the borders {H1366} of Archi {H757} to Ataroth {H5852},

Complete Jewish Bible

went out from Beit-El to Luz, passed on to the border with the Arki to 'Atarot,

Berean Standard Bible

It went on from Bethel (that is, Luz) and proceeded to the border of the Archites in Ataroth.

American Standard Version

and it went out from Beth-el to Luz, and passed along unto the border of the Archites to Ataroth;

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Joshua 16:2 meticulously delineates a segment of the southern border for the tribe of Ephraim, one of the two tribes descended from Joseph. This verse, part of the broader allocation of the Promised Land in the Book of Joshua, specifies a geographical line extending from the historically significant city of Bethel (also known as Luz) eastward towards the territory of the Archi and the city of Ataroth. It underscores the precision and fulfillment of God's covenant promises regarding the land inheritance for His people Israel.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Joshua 16:2 is embedded within the detailed account of the land distribution to the Israelite tribes, specifically focusing on the inheritance of the "house of Joseph" (Ephraim and Manasseh) in chapters 16 and 17. Following the general overview of the land's division (Joshua 13-15), these chapters provide the specific boundaries and cities allocated to Joseph's descendants. This verse, therefore, serves as a precise geographical marker within the larger narrative of Israel's settlement in Canaan, immediately following the general description of Joseph's lot in [Joshua 16:1](/joshua/16-1 "Joshua 16:1 - Joseph's Inheritance Begins"). The meticulous listing of geographical features and place names is characteristic of this section of Joshua, emphasizing the tangible reality of God's promise being fulfilled.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The setting is the post-conquest period, where the Israelites are transitioning from a nomadic existence to settled tribal life in the Promised Land. Land ownership and precise boundaries were paramount in ancient Near Eastern societies, defining tribal identity, economic stability, and legal rights. The mention of "Bethel" and "Luz" is particularly significant, as Bethel ("House of God") was a pivotal site in Israelite history, renamed by Jacob after his encounter with God (Jacob's ladder dream) in [Genesis 28:19](/genesis/28-19 "Genesis 28:19 - Jacob Renames Luz to Bethel"). Luz was its original Canaanite name. This dual naming convention likely served to identify the location clearly to both those familiar with its ancient name and its more recent Israelite designation. The Archi were a clan or family group, and Ataroth was a city, all serving as established points of reference for the border demarcation.
* **Key Themes:** The verse significantly contributes to several overarching themes in Joshua and the Pentateuch. Foremost is the **Divine Fulfillment of Promise**, demonstrating God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to give their descendants the land of Canaan ([Genesis 15:18](/genesis/15-18 "Genesis 15:18 - God's Covenant with Abraham")). The meticulous geographical details, including specific cities and clan territories, underscore the **Precision and Orderliness of God's Provision**. This was not a vague allocation but a divinely orchestrated, precise division, highlighting God's sovereignty over the land and its distribution. Furthermore, it reinforces the theme of **Inheritance and Identity**, as the land was foundational to the tribal structure and the distinct identity of each Israelite clan, ensuring their place within the covenant community as outlined in God's instructions for land division in [Numbers 34](/numbers/34 "Numbers 34 - Instructions for Dividing the Land").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Bethel (Hebrew, _Bêṯ-ʾĒl'_):** Meaning "House of God," this city held immense spiritual significance for Israel. It was where Abraham built an altar ([Genesis 12:8](/genesis/12-8 "Genesis 12:8 - Abraham Builds an Altar at Bethel")), and later, where Jacob had his transformative dream and vowed to serve God, renaming the place from Luz to Bethel ([Genesis 28:19](/genesis/28-19 "Genesis 28:19 - Jacob's Dream and Vow at Bethel")). Its inclusion as a border point emphasizes the sacred and historical weight of the land being distributed.
* **Luz (Hebrew, _Lûz'_):** This was the original Canaanite name for the city later called Bethel. The name "Luz" means "almond tree" or "hazel tree," suggesting a place known for its vegetation. Its concurrent mention with Bethel indicates either that the border encompassed both the older and newer names for the same location, or that it specifically referred to the original Canaanite settlement distinct from the Israelite sacred site, ensuring clarity for all parties involved in the land demarcation.
* **Archi (Hebrew, _ʾArḵî'_):** Refers to the "Archites," a clan or family group, likely residing in the region. The most famous Archite mentioned in the Bible is Hushai, David's loyal advisor ([2 Samuel 15:32](/2_samuel/15-32 "2 Samuel 15:32 - Hushai the Archite Meets David")). Their inclusion as a border marker indicates that established clan territories were also used as points of reference for the tribal boundaries, reflecting the existing social and geographical landscape.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And goeth out from Bethel to Luz":** This phrase establishes the starting point or a significant segment of Ephraim's southern border. It signifies a line or path that originates from or passes through the area encompassing both the sacred Israelite site of Bethel and its older Canaanite designation, Luz. This dual naming ensures precise identification of the boundary's beginning or trajectory, emphasizing the historical depth of the land.
* **"and passeth along unto the borders of Archi to Ataroth":** This clause describes the continuation of the border line eastward. From the Bethel/Luz area, the boundary extends towards the territory inhabited by the Archites, finally reaching the city of Ataroth. This indicates a clear, defined progression of the border, using both a clan territory ("borders of Archi") and a specific city ("Ataroth") as markers, providing unambiguous geographical reference points for the Ephraimite inheritance.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device employed in Joshua 16:2, and indeed throughout the land division chapters, is **Geographical Listing**. This involves the systematic enumeration of places, landmarks, and territories to define boundaries with precision. The text functions almost as a legal deed or survey document, emphasizing the tangible and verifiable nature of the land allocation. The **Repetition** of place names, particularly the dual mention of "Bethel to Luz," serves to reinforce the exact location and ensure clarity, acknowledging both the historical and contemporary nomenclature of the site. While not overtly symbolic in this specific verse, the very act of meticulously detailing the land's division carries **Symbolism** of God's faithfulness, His orderly nature, and the concrete fulfillment of ancient promises. The land itself becomes a symbol of God's covenant loyalty.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 16:2, though a seemingly dry geographical listing, is profoundly theological. It powerfully demonstrates God's faithfulness and meticulousness in fulfilling His ancient covenant promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob concerning the land of Canaan. The precision of the boundaries underscores that God's word is not vague but concrete, detailed, and utterly reliable. This divine precision provides a tangible assurance of His sovereignty over all creation and His commitment to His people, establishing their identity and security within the promised inheritance. It reminds us that God's plans are detailed and purposeful, extending to every facet of His people's lives, both corporately and individually, ensuring order and provision.

* [Numbers 34:1-12](/numbers/34-1 "Numbers 34:1-12 - God's Instructions for Land Boundaries")
* [Psalm 78:55](/psalms/78-55 "Psalm 78:55 - God Divides the Land for Israel")
* [Ezekiel 47:13-23](/ezekiel/47-13 "Ezekiel 47:13-23 - Future Land Division in the New Temple Vision")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The meticulous detail of Joshua 16:2 invites us to reflect on the nature of God's faithfulness and the precision of His divine plan. Just as God precisely delineated the physical boundaries for Ephraim, He also has a clear and purposeful design for our lives, for His church, and for the unfolding of history. This verse encourages us to trust in God's sovereignty, knowing that He oversees every detail, even those that seem mundane or insignificant. It challenges us to consider the "boundaries" God has established in our own lives—spiritual, moral, relational—and to live within them, recognizing that they are for our blessing and flourishing. Furthermore, it reminds us that our inheritance in Christ is not vague but a secure and definite reality, prepared for us by a faithful God.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous detail of this geographical description deepen your understanding of God's faithfulness?**
* **In what areas of your life do you need to trust more in God's precise and purposeful plan, even when the details are unclear to you?**
* **What "boundaries" (spiritual, moral, relational) has God established for your life, and how does living within them lead to blessing and flourishing?**
* **How does the concept of a "promised inheritance" in Joshua relate to the spiritual inheritance believers have in Christ?**

### FAQ
**Why are both "Bethel" and "Luz" mentioned for the same location?**

Answer: The mention of both "Bethel" and "Luz" for the same location serves to provide clarity and historical context. "Luz" was the original Canaanite name for the city, while "Bethel" ("House of God") was the name given to it by Jacob after his significant encounter with God there, as recorded in [Genesis 28:19](/genesis/28-19 "Genesis 28:19 - Jacob Renames Luz to Bethel"). By including both names, the text ensures that the boundary's starting point is unambiguously identified for all readers, whether they were familiar with its ancient Canaanite designation or its more recent Israelite sacred name. It also highlights the continuity of the land's history and its transition under Israelite possession.

**What is the significance of Ephraim's inheritance being described in such detail?**

Answer: The detailed description of Ephraim's inheritance, along with that of Manasseh (the other tribe of Joseph), is significant for several reasons. Firstly, Joseph received a double portion of the inheritance through his sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, fulfilling Jacob's blessing in [Genesis 48:5-6](/genesis/48-5 "Genesis 48:5-6 - Jacob Adopts Ephraim and Manasseh"). Ephraim, in particular, grew to be a very powerful and numerous tribe, often representing the Northern Kingdom of Israel in later biblical texts. Their central location and detailed boundaries reflect their prominence and the importance of their designated territory for the stability and identity of the Israelite nation. It underscores God's precise and orderly provision for each tribe, ensuring their distinct identity and place within the covenant community.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Joshua 16:2 describes a physical land inheritance, it points to a deeper spiritual reality fulfilled in Christ. The meticulous division of the land for Ephraim, originating from Bethel, the "House of God," foreshadows the ultimate spiritual inheritance believers receive through Christ, who is the true "House of God" and the dwelling place of God among humanity ([John 2:19-21](/john/2-19 "John 2:19-21 - Jesus, the Temple")). The precision of the land boundaries reflects God's faithfulness to His promises, a faithfulness that finds its ultimate "Yes" and "Amen" in Jesus Christ ([2 Corinthians 1:20](/2_corinthians/1-20 "2 Corinthians 1:20 - All God's Promises are 'Yes' in Christ")). Just as the Israelites received a physical land, believers in Christ receive a spiritual inheritance—every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places ([Ephesians 1:3](/ephesians/1-3 "Ephesians 1:3 - Spiritual Blessings in Christ"))—which is secure, eternal, and far surpasses any earthly possession. Christ is our true and eternal inheritance, providing us with a secure identity and a permanent dwelling place in God's presence, fulfilling the deepest longings for belonging and security that the land promised to Israel could only partially represent ([Hebrews 11:10](/hebrews/11-10 "Hebrews 11:10 - Abraham Looked for a City with Foundations")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Joshua 18:13

And the border went over from thence toward Luz, to the side of Luz, which [is] Bethel, southward; and the border descended to Atarothadar, near the hill that [lieth] on the south side of the nether Bethhoron.

Genesis 28:19

And he called the name of that place Bethel: but the name of that city [was called] Luz at the first.

Judges 1:22

And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Bethel: and the LORD [was] with them.

Judges 1:26

And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which [is] the name thereof unto this day.

2 Samuel 16:16

And it came to pass, when Hushai the Archite, David's friend, was come unto Absalom, that Hushai said unto Absalom, God save the king, God save the king.

1 Chronicles 27:33

And Ahithophel [was] the king's counsellor: and Hushai the Archite [was] the king's companion: