Theodore of Mopsuestia — Commentary on Scripture

Psalms 37:34

Since, then, God does not allow the righteous, even if vulnerable to sinners, to be subject completely to their verdict, do not be despondent if ever you fall foul of disaster; instead, expect help from God by observing his decrees and commands, being attentive to his good pleasure and not withdrawing from virtue on account of the hardships besetting you. “And he will exalt you to inherit the land”: if you do this, he will shelter you, even if vulnerable to the sinner, and make you exalted by ensuring you secure occupancy of the land. “In the destruction of sinners you will see”: not only will you be freed from their scheming, but also you will see them destroyed.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 37:34A-C

Psalms 39:1

It is a universal custom to be upset when you see your plans at the mercy of sinners, and to be upset also at your own misfortunes, especially when you are badly treated by wrongdoers while conscious of your own virtuous behavior. The general run of people react to such developments by turning to criticism and displeasure with the God of all. Hence, blessed David says, “I shall guard my ways so as not to sin with my tongue”: I kept my words to myself, that is, I made a decision and judgment to guard myself against any sin.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 39:2

Psalms 39:11

So this is what should concern us, being rescued from sins and attaining reconciliation with you, which results in complete resolution of problems, and not taking pains over other things, which are futile and useless for the painstaker, never bringing one an outcome for the pains or providing one with lasting benefit from the pains.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 39:12c

Psalms 41:2

He comments on God’s favors to him in different ways: he will give freedom from perils, he says, will closely guard him so that he will suffer nothing, provide him with life and make him appear as blessed by the vast number of favors in the sight of everyone.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 41:3A

Psalms 42:8

I considered further that though the impending troubles are so numerous, it is very easy for you to provide a solution; if by day you bid lovingkindness to be shown us—in other words, relief from the troubles to occur—it happens so quickly that immediately those in receipt of good things set about singing through the night and offering hymns of praise to you for what has happened. When God enjoins mercy by day, then, immediately by night “his song is with me,” as if to say, So prompt will be the discharge of his command that, with his command given by day, it is possible for me to sing by night of the good things done to me.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 42:9A

Psalms 42:11

“My personal savior is my God”: I trusted that you would doubtless meet my request, since you personally are my salvation and my Lord (the term “personal savior” meaning “my support, my glory”—in other words, It is you yourself who provides me with this).

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 42:11C

Psalms 45:4

To what human being would he apply this achievement or the magnitude of what is described? To whom would he apply the verse “Your right hand will guide you in marvelous fashion” when the divine Scripture consistently says of all the righteous that it is with God’s help that they acquire strength?

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 45:7A

Psalms 45:4

It is therefore clear from this that he is not speaking of a human being as king: no human being exercises such zeal for bringing about the kingdom in himself and uses weapons and all such things so as to teach gentleness to his own; on the contrary, he is concerned to gain power, and wipe out the opposition and in every way make his own people fearsome to the enemy.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 45:5B

Psalms 45:6

Immediately he proceeded to say also “a rod of equity,” which suggests correctness and justice in prosecution. Such an expression, however, seems not applicable to a human being—at least such an expression occurs nowhere in reference to a human being—whereas it is applicable to God, of whom he says also in another place, “He will judge the world in righteousness; he will judge peoples in rectitude,” and elsewhere, “Good and upright is the Lord,” and “Because the word of the Lord is upright.”

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 45:7B

Psalms 45:7

On the one hand, he separated the natures by uttering definite statements of different ideas (there being a great difference between “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever” and “Hence, God your God anointed you”), and on the other hand, he gave a glimpse of the union by saying this of one person.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 45:8B

Psalms 45:8

In his wish to imply both the passion and the glory of the passion he says “myrrh, resin, and cassia from your garments,” suggesting by “myrrh” the passion, and by mention of “resin and cassia” implying the fragrance and splendor of the passion, as if to say, Even the passion itself, which affects your temple, will be accompanied by great fragrance and glory, with the result that the fragrance from it will spread to the whole world, as the apostle also says: “We are the fragrance of Christ among those who are being saved and among those who are perishing.” Now, he did well to mention “myrrh” and associate it with the phrase “from your garments” for us to understand the divinity to be free of suffering.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 45:9A

Psalms 45:9

The church is in attendance on you, he is saying, on your right; that is, it will always be assembled for you. The church is always assembled in union with him both in purpose and in the grace of rebirth, just as members and body are with the head, as the apostle says in one place, “You are the body of Christ and individually members of it.” … For this reason, “at your right hand” was well put, as if to say by way of underlining the honor stemming from the more important member. [The church] is in attendance on you, enjoying the greatest honor from you.… clothed in much adornment. So while it was vouchsafed the dignity of sonship and called and made body of Christ, it was clothed in the greatest adornment, the beauty of the spiritual graces: the marvels performed through the saints were like a kind of golden and marvelous adornment, bringing splendor to the believers in Christ, who composed the church.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 45:10A-C

Psalms 45:13

By “within” he refers to the mind, and the words can refer only to not bodily beauty but virtue of soul. This, in fact, is the true glory of the devout, purity of conscience, for which they will be utterly conspicuous in the judge’s sight.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 45:14A

Psalms 46:5

He was not in one part of the city and cut off from another but “in its midst,” surrounding it all, protecting it all equally from the foe.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 46:6A

Psalms 49:8

Sin is worse than everything; it is this that must be feared, not the possibility of being in need of money, since a person who is rich and in the grip of a multitude of sins is in real difficulty and does not find release from the troubles.… Nor can he then himself by paying money to God prevail on him to desist from punishment; nor does he succeed in redeeming his soul, weighed down as it is with sin. And so sin is worse than anything, since no one who is weighed down by it and is consequently the object of punishment by God can be freed from danger.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 49:6B-9

Psalms 49:12

Despite having so much enjoyment in the present life, possessing many natural advantages by comparison with other living creatures and enjoying a great number of gifts, they did not understand the greatness of the honor conferred on them by God; instead, by their insensitivity to the possession of their attributes they are no different from cattle, which possess no intelligence.… While giving little heed to thanking the giver, they live a heedless life and grow old in their sins. Thus, they also are the objects of a rigorous verdict from God.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 49:13

Psalms 49:13

He uses “this” as a demonstrative, meaning, Such behavior is responsible for their troubles, and their heedless enjoyment of God’s good things inevitably brings down on them God’s punishment.… Even when those forebears who were in receipt of riches suffer retribution and just punishment from God, people after them do not come to their senses; on the contrary, they are pleased with the words and actions of the others and hasten to imitate them, acting in similar fashion regarding wealth and the good things of this life, giving too little heed to virtue to be brought around by the punishment of their predecessors.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 49:14A-B

Psalms 49:15

God is able to pluck one from the midst of death even if it seems already to have taken hold (the phrase “from the hand of hades” meaning, Even if it has one in its grasp, it is possible and very easy for God to snatch one away).

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 49:16

Psalms 50:14

Offer me this sacrifice of praise. That is, offer yourself as a victim to me, taking pains to live in thanksgiving to me and devoting yourself totally to me.… Pray always to me about everything; render me this and perform it. The phrase “pray to me about everything” means, consider me responsible for all your good things, and receive from me all that is at any time good, no one being able to pray unless persuaded of this.… It will be no idle conjecture for you, since with this attitude you will, even if calling in the midst of afflictions, be heard and will attain what you aspire to, and so will take occasion from the beneficence to give even greater glory.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 50:14A-15

Psalms 50:16

The fact, he is saying, that you take pains to read the law, mouth the words of its stipulations, and listen carefully to its being read is no excuse. It only sets me more against you, your knowing the law, listening to the commandments and putting them on your lips while in practice pursuing the opposite, the result being that the reading is useless for you. Instead, listening to me when I speak and give commands in the law is an insult to me when there is utter neglect of me in practice.

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 50:16