TRV
Translation
King James Version
Kings' daughters were among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir.
Complete Jewish Bible
Daughters of kings are among your favorites; at your right stands the queen in gold from Ofir.
Berean Standard Bible
The daughters of kings are among your honored women; the queen stands at your right hand, adorned with the gold of Ophir.
American Standard Version
Kings’ daughters are among thy honorable women: At thy right hand doth stand the queen in gold of Ophir.
World English Bible Messianic
Kings’ daughters are among your honorable women. At your right hand the queen stands in gold of Ophir.
Geneva Bible (1599)
Kings daugthers were among thine honorable wiues: vpon thy right hand did stand the Queene in a vesture of golde of Ophir.
Young's Literal Translation
Daughters of kings are among thy precious ones, A queen hath stood at thy right hand, In pure gold of Ophir.
See also
In the KJVVerse 14,607 of 31,102
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Commentary on Psalms 45 verses 6–9
6 ¶ Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre.
7 Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
8 All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad.
9 Kings' daughters were among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir.
We have here the royal bridegroom filling his throne with judgment and keeping his court with splendour.
I. He here fills his throne with judgment. It is God the Father that says to the Son here, Thy throne, O God! is forever and ever, as appears Heb 1:8, Heb 1:9, where this is quoted to prove that he is God and has a more excellent name than the angels. The Mediator is God, else he neither would have been able to do the Mediator's work nor fit to wear the Mediator's crown. Concerning his government observe, 1. The eternity of it; it is for ever and ever. It shall continue on earth throughout all the ages of time, in despite of all the opposition of the gates of hell; and in the blessed fruits and consequences of it it shall last as long as the days of heaven, and run parallel with the line of eternity itself. Perhaps even then the glory of the Redeemer, and the blessedness of the redeemed, shall be in a continual infinite progression; for it is promised that not only of his government, but of the increase of his government and peace, there shall be no end (Isa 9:7); even when the kingdom shall be delivered up to God even the Father (Co1 15:24) the throne of the Redeemer will continue. 2. The equity of it: The sceptre of thy kingdom, the administration of thy government, is right, exactly according to the eternal counsel and will of God, which is the eternal rule and reason of good and evil. Whatever Christ does he does none of his subjects any wrong, but gives redress to those that do suffer wrong: He loves righteousness, and hates wickedness, Psa 45:7. He himself loves to do righteousness, and hates to do wickedness; and he loves those that do righteousness, and hates those that do wickedness. By the holiness of his life, the merit of his death, and the great design of his gospel, he has made it to appear that he loves righteousness (for by his example, his satisfaction, and his precepts, he has brought in an everlasting righteousness), and that he hates wickedness, for never did God's hatred of sin appear so conspicuously as it did in the sufferings of Christ. 3. The establishment and elevation of it: Therefore God, even thy God (Christ, as Mediator, called God his God, Joh 20:17, as commissioned by him, and the head of those that are taken into covenant with him), has anointed thee with the oil of gladness. Therefore, that is, (1.) "In order to this righteous government of thine, God has given thee his Spirit, that divine unction, to qualify thee for thy undertaking," Isa 61:1. 1. The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me, because he has anointed me. What God called him to he fitted him for, Isa 11:2. The Spirit is called the oil of gladness because of the delight wherewith Christ was filled in carrying on his undertaking. He was anointed with the Spirit above all his fellows, above all those that were anointed, whether priests or kings. (2.) "In recompence of what thou has done and suffered for the advancement of righteousness and the destruction of sin God has anointed thee with the oil of gladness, has brought thee to all the honours and all the joys of thy exalted state." Because he humbled himself, God has highly exalted him, Phi 2:8, Phi 2:9. His anointing him denotes the power and glory to which he is exalted; he is invested in all the dignities and authorities of the Messiah. And his anointing him with the oil of gladness denotes the joy that was set before him (so his exaltation is expressed, Heb 12:2) both in the light of his Father's countenance (Act 2:28) and in the success of his undertaking, which he shall see, and be satisfied, Isa 53:11. This he is anointed with above all his fellows, above all believers, who are his brethren, and who partake of the anointing - they by measure, he without measure. But the apostle brings it to prove his pre-eminence above the angels, Heb 1:4, Heb 1:9. The salvation of sinners is the joy of angels (Luk 15:10), but much more of the Son.
II. He keeps his court with splendour and magnificence. 1. His robes of state, wherein he appears, are taken notice of, not for their pomp, which might strike an awe upon the spectator, but their pleasantness and the gratefulness of the odours with which they were perfumed (Psa 45:8): They smell of myrrh, aloes, and cassia (the oil of gladness with which he and his garments were anointed): these were some of the ingredients of the holy anointing oil which God appointed, the like to which was not to be made up for any common use (Exo 30:23, Exo 30:24), which was typical of the unction of the Spirit which Christ, the great high priest of our profession, received, and to which therefore there seems here to be a reference. It is the savour of these good ointments, his graces and comforts, that draws souls to him (Sol 1:3, Sol 1:4) and makes him precious to believers, Pe1 2:7. 2. His royal palaces are said to be ivory ones, such as were then reckoned most magnificent. We read of an ivory house that Ahab made, Kg1 22:39. The mansions of light above are the ivory palaces, whence all the joys both of Christ and believers come, and where they will be for ever in perfection; for by them he is made glad, and all that are his with him; for they shall enter into the joy of their Lord. 3. The beauties of his court shine very brightly. In public appearances at court, when the pomp of it is shown, nothing is supposed to contribute so much to it as the splendour of the ladies, which is alluded to here, Psa 45:9. (1.) Particular believers are here compared to the ladies at court, richly dressed in honour of the sovereign: Kings' daughters are among thy honourable women, whose looks, and mien, and ornaments, we may suppose, from the height of their extraction, to excel all others. All true believers are born from above; they are the children of the King of kings. These attend the throne of the Lord Jesus daily with their prayers and praises, which is really their honour, and he is pleased to reckon it his. The numbering of kings' daughters among his honourable women, or maids of honour, intimates that the kings whose daughters they were should be tributaries to him and dependents on him, and would therefore think it a preferment to their daughters to attend him. (2.) The church in general, constituted of these particular believers, is here compared to the queen herself - the queen-consort, whom, by an everlasting covenant, he hath betrothed to himself. She stands at his right hand, near to him, and receives honour from him, in the richest array, in gold of Ophir, in robes woven with golden thread or with a gold chain and other ornaments of gold. This is the bride, the Lamb's wife, whose graces, which are her ornaments, are compared to fine linen, clean and white (Rev 19:8), for their purity, here to gold of Ophir, for their costliness; for, as we owe our redemption, so we owe our adorning, not to corruptible things, but to the precious blood of the Son of God.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 6–9. Public domain.
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Basil of CaesareaAD 379
HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 17:9 (PS 45)
The queen … is the soul that is joined with the Word, its Bridegroom; not subjected by sin but sharing the kingdom of Christ, it stands on the right hand of the Savior in gilded clothing, that is to say, adorning itself charmingly and religiously with spiritual doctrines, interwoven and varied.
JeromeAD 420
LETTER 54.3
What can be fairer than a soul that is called the daughter of God and that seeks for itself no outward adorning. She believes in Christ, and dowered with this hope of greatness, makes her way to her spouse, for Christ is at once her bridegroom and her Lord.
Theodore of MopsuestiaAD 428
COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 45:10A-C
The church is in attendance on you, he is saying, on your right; that is, it will always be assembled for you. The church is always assembled in union with him both in purpose and in the grace of rebirth, just as members and body are with the head, as the apostle says in one place, “You are the body of Christ and individually members of it.” … For this reason, “at your right hand” was well put, as if to say by way of underlining the honor stemming from the more important member. [The church] is in attendance on you, enjoying the greatest honor from you.… clothed in much adornment. So while it was vouchsafed the dignity of sonship and called and made body of Christ, it was clothed in the greatest adornment, the beauty of the spiritual graces: the marvels performed through the saints were like a kind of golden and marvelous adornment, bringing splendor to the believers in Christ, who composed the church.
Augustine of HippoAD 430
Exposition on Psalm 45
What a nuptial song! Behold in the midst of songs full of rejoicing, comes forth the Bride herself. For the Bridegroom was coming. It was He who was being described: it was on Him all our attention was fixed.
"Upon Your right hand stood the Queen" [Psalm 45:9]. She which stands on the left is no Queen. For there will be one standing on "the left" also, to whom it will be said, "Go into everlasting fire." [Matthew 25:41] But she shall stand on the right hand, to whom it will be said, "Come, you blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world." [Matthew 25:34] On Your right hand stood the Queen, "in a vesture of gold, clothed about with various colours." What is the vesture of this Queen? It is one both precious, and also of various colours: it is the mysteries of doctrine in all the various tongues: one African, one Syrian, one Greek, one Hebrew, one this, and one that; it is these languages that produce the various colours of this vesture. But just as all the various colours of the vesture blend together in the one vesture, so do all the languages in one and the same faith. In that vesture, let there be diversity, let there be no rent. See we have "understood" the various colours of the diversity of tongues; and the vesture to refer to unity: but in that diversity itself, what is meant by the "gold"? Wisdom itself. Let there be any diversity of tongues you please, but there is but one "gold" that is preached of: not a different gold, but a different form of that gold. For it is the same Wisdom, the same doctrine and discipline that every language preaches. In the languages there is diversity; gold in the thoughts.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Psalms 45:9 vividly portrays a scene of unparalleled royal splendor, focusing on the queen's exalted status and magnificent adornment within the context of a divine royal wedding. It describes the presence of daughters of other kings serving as "honourable women" among the queen's attendants, signifying the king's vast influence and the queen's preeminence. The verse culminates with the queen standing at the king's right hand, a position of supreme honor and authority, clothed in the legendary "gold of Ophir," symbolizing ultimate purity, beauty, and wealth. This rich imagery not only celebrates an earthly monarch but also prophetically foreshadows the glory of Christ, the King, and His radiant bride, the Church.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The verse is rich in Imagery, painting a vivid and opulent picture of royal splendor and the queen's breathtaking magnificence. The description of "kings' daughters" serving as attendants and the queen adorned in "gold of Ophir" appeals directly to the reader's sense of sight and grandeur, evoking a scene of ultimate wealth, prestige, and beauty. Symbolism is profoundly employed, particularly with the "right hand" representing supreme honor, authority, and intimacy, a motif consistently used throughout biblical literature (e.g., Psalm 110:1). "Gold of Ophir" serves as a powerful symbol of ultimate purity, value, and divine splendor, signifying the highest possible standard of excellence and worth. Furthermore, the verse utilizes Hyperbole to emphasize the king's extraordinary power and the queen's unparalleled status; the idea of daughters of other kings serving as attendants, while potentially historical, also functions to exaggerate the king's dominion and the queen's eminence beyond ordinary human measure, elevating the scene to a realm of ideal, almost divine, grandeur.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Psalms 45:9, while rooted in an earthly royal wedding, transcends its immediate context to offer profound theological insights, particularly when interpreted messianically. The king's majesty and the queen's adorned status at his right hand serve as a powerful type for Christ, the ultimate King, and His bride, the Church. The Church, though often seen as humble in the world's eyes, is presented by Christ to Himself as radiant and without blemish, adorned not with physical gold but with the spiritual beauty of His righteousness and holiness. This verse speaks to the immense value and honor that God bestows upon His people, elevating them to a position of intimacy and shared glory with the King of Kings. It underscores the concept of the Church's spiritual purity and its exalted standing as a result of Christ's redemptive work, reflecting His own glory to the world and anticipating the ultimate union described in Revelation.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
For the believer, Psalms 45:9 offers a breathtaking glimpse into our spiritual identity and destiny as the Church, the beloved bride of Christ. We are not adorned with perishable earthly gold, but with the imperishable beauty of Christ's righteousness, imputed to us through faith, and the transformative work of the Holy Spirit within us. This verse calls us to recognize the profound honor and intimacy we share with the King of Kings, seated symbolically at His right hand, a position of favor, authority, and co-heirship. This understanding should cultivate a deep sense of worth and dignity, reminding us that we are cherished, esteemed, and made glorious in His sight, far beyond any earthly measure of status or wealth. It encourages us to live lives that reflect this spiritual splendor, walking in holiness and radiating the beauty of Christ to a world desperately in need of His light. Our adornment is not for our own pride, but for the glory of the One who has called us into such a marvelous relationship, enabling us to participate in His eternal reign.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Is Psalm 45 only about an earthly king, or does it have a deeper meaning?
Answer: While Psalm 45 undoubtedly had an immediate historical context, likely celebrating the wedding of a specific Israelite king (perhaps Solomon or a later monarch), biblical scholars widely recognize its profound prophetic and messianic layers. The language used to describe the king's eternal reign, divine qualities, and unparalleled beauty transcends any mere earthly monarch. The psalm's celebration of an ideal king and his glorious bride points forward to the ultimate King, Jesus Christ, and His relationship with the Church. This dual fulfillment is common in the Psalms, where an immediate historical event serves as a type or shadow of a greater spiritual reality to come, as seen in other royal psalms like Psalm 2 or Psalm 110.
What is the significance of "gold of Ophir" in this verse?
Answer: "Gold of Ophir" was renowned in the ancient world as the finest, purest, and most valuable gold available. Its mention in Psalms 45:9 serves to emphasize the unparalleled splendor, beauty, and purity of the queen's adornment. It signifies the highest possible standard of wealth and glory, underscoring the immense honor and divine favor bestowed upon her. Symbolically, when applied to the Church as Christ's bride, "gold of Ophir" represents the spiritual glory, righteousness, and holiness with which Christ adorns His people, a beauty far surpassing any earthly material wealth or physical adornment. It speaks to the perfect and divine nature of the spiritual blessings and identity received in Christ, signifying the immeasurable value of the Church in God's eyes.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Psalms 45:9 finds its ultimate and most glorious fulfillment in Jesus Christ and His Church. The majestic King of this psalm is none other than the Lord Jesus, the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, whose reign is eternal and whose beauty and righteousness are divine. The queen, adorned in "gold of Ophir" and standing at His "right hand," is a vivid prefigurement of the Church, His beloved bride. Just as the earthly queen was presented in unparalleled splendor, so Christ "loved the church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, so that he might present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and blameless" (Ephesians 5:25-27). The "gold of Ophir" symbolizes the perfect righteousness and spiritual glory with which Christ clothes His people, a righteousness not earned by human effort but freely given by His grace. The "right hand" position signifies the Church's exalted status, sharing in Christ's authority and glory, for He Himself is seated "at the right hand of the Majesty on high" (Hebrews 1:3). The "kings' daughters" attending the queen can be seen as the nations and peoples of the earth, drawn to the glory of Christ and His redeemed Church, acknowledging His supreme dominion as they come to worship Him. This verse, therefore, beautifully anticipates the marriage supper of the Lamb, where the Church, "made herself ready; it was granted her to clothe herself with fine linen, bright and pure—for the fine linen is the righteous deeds of the saints" (Revelation 19:7-8), forever dwelling in intimacy and splendor with her eternal King.