Ezra 2:36

KJV

¶ The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three.

KJV (with Strong's)

The priests {H3548}: the children {H1121} of Jedaiah {H3048}, of the house {H1004} of Jeshua {H3442}, nine {H8672} hundred {H3967} seventy {H7657} and three {H7969}.

Complete Jewish Bible

The cohanim: descendants of Y'da'yah, of the house of Yeshua

Berean Standard Bible

The priests: The descendants of Jedaiah (through the house of Jeshua), 973;

American Standard Version

The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Ezra 2:36 is a precise entry within the detailed census of Jewish exiles returning from Babylonian captivity to Jerusalem under the leadership of Zerubbabel and Jeshua the High Priest. This verse specifically records the number of men from the priestly family of Jedaiah, associated with the house of Jeshua, highlighting the meticulous care taken to document those eligible for sacred service in the re-established Temple, underscoring the divine orchestration of the post-exilic restoration.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Ezra 2 is a meticulous register of the first wave of exiles who returned to Judah following Cyrus's decree. Preceded by the decree itself in [Ezra 1](/ezra/1 "Ezra 1 - Cyrus's Decree and the First Return"), this chapter serves as a foundational document, establishing the identity and legitimacy of the returning community. The list progresses from general groups (laypeople, priests, Levites, temple servants) to specific families and their numbers, culminating in a grand total. Verse 36, nestled within the section detailing the priestly families (Ezra 2:36-39), emphasizes the critical role of the priesthood in the anticipated restoration of Temple worship. The subsequent chapters, particularly [Ezra 3](/ezra/3 "Ezra 3 - Rebuilding the Altar and Temple Foundation"), immediately show these individuals, including Jeshua the High Priest, actively engaged in rebuilding the altar and laying the Temple foundation, demonstrating the practical importance of this census.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The return from Babylonian exile (538 BCE onwards) was a monumental event, marking the end of a seventy-year period of divine judgment and the beginning of a new era for Israel. The meticulous genealogical records, like the one in Ezra 2, were not merely bureaucratic but deeply significant culturally. They served to validate claims to land, tribal inheritance, and, most critically for this verse, eligibility for sacred service. Only those of verifiable Aaronic descent could serve as priests in the Temple, a lineage that had to be preserved and proven, especially after generations in exile. The "house of Jeshua" refers to Jeshua the High Priest, a prominent leader alongside Zerubbabel, whose family line was essential for the legitimate functioning of the restored cultic system.

* **Key Themes:** The detailed enumeration in Ezra 2, particularly of priestly families, powerfully underscores the theme of **Restoration and Divine Order**. After the chaos and displacement of exile, God is faithfully re-establishing His people, their land, and their sacred institutions. This meticulous record-keeping reflects God's providential hand in preserving a remnant and ensuring the proper functioning of the community. Another key theme is the **Importance of Priestly Lineage and Purity**. For the post-exilic community, the legitimacy of the priesthood was paramount for maintaining covenant fidelity and proper worship. The specific mention of "the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua" highlights the meticulous concern for authentic lineage, ensuring that sacred duties could be resumed according to Mosaic Law, as seen in the subsequent re-establishment of sacrifices in [Ezra 3:2-3](/ezra/3-2 "Ezra 3:2-3 - Rebuilding the Altar"). The very existence of this list, and the significant numbers, also testifies to **Divine Faithfulness**, demonstrating God's commitment to fulfilling His promises to restore His people to their land and worship, as prophesied by Jeremiah (e.g., [Jeremiah 29:10](/jeremiah/29-10 "Jeremiah 29:10 - Promise of Return")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Jedaiah (Hebrew, _Yeda'yah'_):** Meaning "Jehovah knows" or "known of Jehovah." This name is significant as it incorporates the divine name "Yah" (short for Yahweh), a common feature in Hebrew names, reflecting a theological statement or dedication. In this context, Jedaiah represents a specific priestly clan (one of the twenty-four divisions established by David, cf. [1 Chronicles 24:7](/1_chronicles/24-7 "1 Chronicles 24:7 - The Priestly Divisions")), whose lineage was crucial for the continuity of Temple service. The preservation of such names across generations, even through exile, underscores God's remembrance and preservation of His covenant people.
* **Jeshua (Hebrew, _Yeshua'_):** A shortened form of Yehoshua (Joshua), meaning "Jehovah saves" or "salvation." In Ezra, Jeshua refers to Jeshua the High Priest, a pivotal figure alongside Zerubbabel in leading the spiritual and physical rebuilding efforts (cf. [Haggai 1:1](/haggai/1-1 "Haggai 1:1 - Haggai's Prophecy to Zerubbabel and Jeshua")). The phrase "of the house of Jeshua" indicates a familial or ancestral connection to this prominent priestly line, signifying their legitimacy and authority in the restored community. This name, "Jeshua," carries profound theological weight, foreshadowing the ultimate "Salvation" to come.
* **Priests (Hebrew, _kohanim'_):** Refers to the descendants of Aaron, who were divinely appointed to mediate between God and Israel, perform sacrifices, and teach the Law. Their inclusion and precise numbering in this census were paramount, as the restoration of proper worship and the Temple cult was central to the post-exilic community's identity and covenant relationship with God. The return of a significant number of priests, despite the challenges of exile, signifies the re-establishment of divine order and the continuity of sacred service.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"The priests:"** This introductory phrase immediately identifies the category of individuals being enumerated, emphasizing their distinct and crucial role within the returning community. It sets apart those divinely appointed for sacred service from the general populace.
* **"the children of Jedaiah,"** This specifies a particular priestly family or clan. Jedaiah was one of the priestly divisions established by King David (cf. [1 Chronicles 24](/1_chronicles/24 "1 Chronicles 24 - Divisions of the Priests")), indicating a long-standing and recognized lineage. Their return signifies the re-establishment of specific, historical priestly lines.
* **"of the house of Jeshua,"** This phrase further clarifies the lineage, linking the Jedaiah clan to the broader "house" or lineage associated with Jeshua the High Priest. This connection underscores the high priest's central role in the post-exilic community and validates the legitimacy of these priests through their association with the spiritual leader of the return. It may imply a direct descendant or a close familial/organizational affiliation under his authority.
* **"nine hundred seventy and three."** This precise numerical count highlights the meticulous nature of the census. It provides a concrete figure for the number of male priests from this specific family who returned, demonstrating the significant human resources available for the re-establishment of Temple worship and reinforcing the theme of divine faithfulness in preserving a substantial remnant.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device employed in Ezra 2:36, and indeed throughout the chapter, is **Enumeration** (or **Census/Genealogy**). This meticulous listing of names and numbers serves a critical function, providing an authoritative and verifiable record of the returning exiles. The precise numerical detail, down to specific individuals within families, underscores the **Verisimilitude** and historical accuracy intended by the author. The repetitive structure of listing family names followed by their corresponding numbers creates a sense of **Order** and **Restoration**, reflecting the re-establishment of a structured society and religious system after the disruption of exile. While seemingly dry, this detailed accounting also functions as a form of **Symbolism**, where the very act of counting and naming signifies God's remembrance of His people and His providential care in preserving a remnant for the rebuilding of His covenant community.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Ezra 2:36, though a seemingly simple numerical entry, carries profound theological weight, underscoring God's meticulous care for His covenant people and His commitment to restoring their spiritual order. The emphasis on priestly lineage highlights the enduring importance of purity and legitimacy in worship, a theme central to Israel's identity and its relationship with Yahweh. The return of these specific priestly families, preserved through generations of exile, testifies to God's faithfulness in upholding His promises and preparing the way for the re-establishment of Temple service, which was the heart of Israel's covenant life. It demonstrates that even in the midst of divine judgment, God maintains a faithful remnant to carry forward His redemptive purposes.

* [Numbers 3:10](/numbers/3-10 "Numbers 3:10 - Priestly Service")
* [Nehemiah 7:64](/nehemiah/7-64 "Nehemiah 7:64 - Disqualified Priests")
* [Malachi 3:3](/malachi/3-3 "Malachi 3:3 - Purification of the Sons of Levi")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Ezra 2:36, a seemingly dry genealogical record, invites us to reflect on the profound significance of order, lineage, and divine faithfulness in our own spiritual lives and communities. Just as the returning exiles meticulously documented their heritage to ensure proper worship and continuity of sacred service, believers today are called to value the structure, integrity, and faithful leadership within the church. This verse reminds us that God is deeply invested in the details of His people's lives, even in what might appear to be mundane record-keeping. His commitment to restoring His plan and purpose, even after periods of discipline or disruption, is unwavering. We are encouraged to embrace our spiritual heritage, understanding that our place in God's family is not random but part of His intentional design, equipping us for service in His ongoing redemptive work. It challenges us to consider how we contribute to the order and purity of the church, ensuring that our service is legitimate and honors God.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does God's meticulous attention to detail in a census like Ezra 2:36 encourage you about His care for your own life?**
* **What is the importance of "spiritual lineage" or mentorship in your faith journey, and how does it connect to the idea of a preserved remnant?**
* **In what ways can we, as believers, contribute to the "order and integrity" of our local church or spiritual community today?**

### FAQ
**Why was it so important to list the priests by family and number?**

Answer: Listing the priests by family and number was critically important for several reasons. First, it established their **legitimacy** for Temple service. According to Mosaic Law, only direct descendants of Aaron from the tribe of Levi could serve as priests (e.g., [Numbers 3:10](/numbers/3-10 "Numbers 3:10 - Priestly Service")). After generations in exile, meticulous genealogical records were necessary to prove this lineage and prevent unauthorized individuals from performing sacred duties, as seen in [Nehemiah 7:64](/nehemiah/7-64 "Nehemiah 7:64 - Disqualified Priests"), where some were barred due to unverified lineage. Second, it ensured **order and organization** for the re-establishment of the Temple cult. Knowing the number of available priests helped in planning for the resumption of sacrifices, festivals, and daily ministrations. Third, it underscored the **divine faithfulness** in preserving a remnant. The very existence of these families and their return demonstrated God's commitment to His covenant promises and the restoration of His people and their worship.

**Who was Jeshua, and why is his "house" mentioned specifically?**

Answer: Jeshua (often identified as Joshua son of Jozadak) was the High Priest who returned with Zerubbabel and played a pivotal role in the post-exilic community. He was a direct descendant of the high priestly line, making him the legitimate spiritual leader of the returning exiles. His "house" refers to his direct family line or the broader priestly lineage associated with him. The mention of "the house of Jeshua" in Ezra 2:36 legitimizes the Jedaiah family's priestly status by associating them with the recognized high priestly authority. Jeshua was instrumental in the rebuilding of the altar and the Temple foundation ([Ezra 3:2](/ezra/3-2 "Ezra 3:2 - Jeshua and Zerubbabel rebuild the altar")), and he is also prominent in the book of Zechariah, where he is a symbolic figure of the Branch, foreshadowing the Messiah ([Zechariah 3:1-10](/zechariah/3 "Zechariah 3 - Joshua the High Priest and the Branch")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Ezra 2:36, with its meticulous focus on the purity and legitimacy of the Aaronic priesthood, finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament priests served in a temporal temple, offering animal sacrifices that merely foreshadowed a greater reality, Jesus is revealed as the eternal and perfect High Priest, "after the order of Melchizedek" ([Hebrews 7:17](/hebrews/7-17 "Hebrews 7:17 - Jesus, a Priest Forever")), not dependent on human lineage but on "the power of an indestructible life" ([Hebrews 7:16](/hebrews/7-16 "Hebrews 7:16 - Power of an Indestructible Life")). The name "Jeshua" (meaning "Jehovah saves") itself points directly to Jesus, whose very name means "Yahweh is salvation" ([Matthew 1:21](/matthew/1-21 "Matthew 1:21 - Jesus Will Save His People")). He is the true "Salvation" who entered human history. Unlike the Levitical priests who offered sacrifices repeatedly, Jesus offered "one sacrifice for sins forever" ([Hebrews 10:12](/hebrews/10-12 "Hebrews 10:12 - One Sacrifice for Sins Forever")), perfectly fulfilling the sacrificial system. Furthermore, through His atoning work, believers are no longer dependent on an earthly priestly lineage but are themselves constituted as a "royal priesthood, a holy nation" ([1 Peter 2:9](/1_peter/2-9 "1 Peter 2:9 - A Royal Priesthood")), called to offer spiritual sacrifices of praise and service. Thus, the meticulous record of Ezra 2:36, ensuring the purity of the Old Covenant priesthood, ultimately directs our gaze to the flawless and eternally legitimate priesthood of Christ, who brings all believers into direct access to God.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Chronicles 9:10

And of the priests; Jedaiah, and Jehoiarib, and Jachin,

Nehemiah 7:39

The priests: the children of Jedaiah, of the house of Jeshua, nine hundred seventy and three.

Ezra 3:9

Then stood Jeshua [with] his sons and his brethren, Kadmiel and his sons, the sons of Judah, together, to set forward the workmen in the house of God: the sons of Henadad, [with] their sons and their brethren the Levites.

1 Chronicles 24:7

Now the first lot came forth to Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah,

1 Chronicles 24:18

The three and twentieth to Delaiah, the four and twentieth to Maaziah.