Jeremiah 20:1

KJV

¶ Now Pashur the son of Immer the priest, who [was] also chief governor in the house of the LORD, heard that Jeremiah prophesied these things.

KJV (with Strong's)

Now Pashur {H6583} the son {H1121} of Immer {H564} the priest {H3548}, who was also chief {H6496} governor {H5057} in the house {H1004} of the LORD {H3068}, heard {H8085} that Jeremiah {H3414} prophesied {H5012} these things {H1697}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Now when the cohen Pash'chur son of Immer, chief official in the house of ADONAI, heard Yirmeyahu prophesying these things,

Berean Standard Bible

When Pashhur the priest, the son of Immer and the chief official in the house of the LORD, heard Jeremiah prophesying these things,

American Standard Version

Now Pashhur, the son of Immer the priest, who was chief officer in the house of Jehovah, heard Jeremiah prophesying these things.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Jeremiah 20:1 introduces Pashur, a prominent priest and the chief administrative officer of the Temple, who directly encounters Jeremiah's public prophecies of judgment against Jerusalem and Judah. This verse serves as the immediate catalyst for Jeremiah's first recorded physical persecution, highlighting the stark confrontation between God's unvarnished truth, delivered through His faithful prophet, and the entrenched religious and political authority that sought to suppress it. It sets the stage for a period of intense suffering for Jeremiah, underscoring the severe opposition faced by those who faithfully proclaim an unpopular divine message.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Jeremiah 20:1 immediately follows the dramatic and highly symbolic act described in [Jeremiah chapter 19](/jeremiah/19 "Jeremiah 19 - The Shattered Jar"). In that chapter, at God's command, Jeremiah took a clay jar to the Valley of Hinnom (Topheth), delivered a scathing prophecy of impending destruction for Jerusalem and Judah due to their rampant idolatry and horrific practice of child sacrifice. He then shattered the jar as a vivid, visceral sign of the city's coming desolation. Following this powerful demonstration, Jeremiah returned to the Temple courts and reiterated the Lord's message of judgment to all the people, declaring that God would "bring upon this city and upon all her towns all the evil that I have pronounced against it, because they have stiffened their necks, refusing to hear my words" [Jeremiah 19:15](/jeremiah/19-15 "Jeremiah 19:15 - Jeremiah's Prophecy in the Temple Courts"). It is this public, confrontational proclamation within the very heart of the religious establishment that Pashur, the chief Temple official, hears, directly leading to the events of [Jeremiah chapter 20](/jeremiah/20 "Jeremiah 20 - Jeremiah's Persecution and Lament"), where Jeremiah is struck and put in stocks.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The setting is Jerusalem during the tumultuous late 7th and early 6th centuries BCE, a period of profound national decline for the Kingdom of Judah, caught precariously between the rising imperial power of Babylon and the fading influence of Egypt. The Temple was not merely a place of worship but the spiritual, social, economic, and political hub of Jewish life, representing God's presence among His people and the very identity of the nation. Priests, like Pashur, held immense spiritual and temporal authority, often serving as intermediaries between God and the people, and also as administrators of Temple affairs. Pashur's title as "chief governor in the house of the LORD" (Hebrew: _pâqîyd nâgîyd_) indicates a significant administrative and disciplinary role, likely overseeing Temple security, finances, and the enforcement of religious law, including the punishment of those deemed disruptive or blasphemous. In this volatile era, many priests and prophets offered messages of false peace and security, aligning with popular sentiment and political expediency rather than God's challenging truth, making Jeremiah's consistent prophecies of judgment particularly unwelcome and often perceived as subversive or treasonous.
* **Key Themes:** This verse introduces a critical theme of **Divine Message vs. Human Authority**, setting the stage for a direct and often violent clash. Jeremiah, as God's faithful messenger, represents the divine word that challenges the corrupt religious and political establishment. Pashur, in his powerful position within the Temple hierarchy, embodies the human authority that resists and seeks to silence inconvenient truth, prioritizing institutional order and popular opinion over God's prophetic warning. This highlights the **Opposition to Prophetic Truth**, a recurring motif throughout Jeremiah's ministry, where God's warnings are met with hostility, imprisonment, and even attempts on the prophet's life. Furthermore, it underscores the **Cost of Obedience** for the prophet; Jeremiah's unwavering faithfulness to God's call, despite the personal suffering it entailed, is a central aspect of his prophetic witness, foreshadowing the intense persecution detailed in the subsequent verses, particularly [Jeremiah 20:2-3](/jeremiah/20-2-3 "Jeremiah 20:2-3 - Pashur Strikes Jeremiah and Puts Him in Stocks").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Son (Hebrew, _bên'_):** This term (H1121) literally means "son," but in a broader sense, it signifies a descendant, a member of a family or group, or one who belongs to a certain quality or condition. In this context, "Pashur the son of Immer" establishes Pashur's lineage and priestly heritage, indicating his belonging to a respected and influential priestly family within the Temple hierarchy. This familial connection underscores his established position and authority.
* **Chief Governor (Hebrew, _pâqîyd'_):** The Hebrew term (H6496) signifies a superintendent, overseer, or officer. This title indicates Pashur's significant administrative and disciplinary authority within the Temple complex. He was not merely a priest but held an executive role, responsible for maintaining order and enforcing rules, which empowered him to act decisively against Jeremiah. This position gave him the legal and practical means to carry out the punishment described in the subsequent verses.
* **Things (Hebrew, _dâbâr'_):** This versatile Hebrew word (H1697) can mean "word," "matter," "thing," or "affair." In this context, "these things" refers specifically to the prophetic messages Jeremiah had just delivered, particularly the shattering of the jar and the pronouncements of judgment in [Jeremiah chapter 19](/jeremiah/19 "Jeremiah 19 - The Shattered Jar"). The use of _dâbâr_ here emphasizes that Pashur heard not just a general statement, but the specific, divinely-inspired words of warning and judgment that directly challenged the status quo and the false sense of security prevalent in Jerusalem.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Now Pashur the son of Immer the priest,"**: This clause introduces the primary antagonist of the immediate narrative, Pashur, identifying him by name and lineage. His father, Immer, likely belonged to one of the twenty-four priestly divisions established by King David, indicating a respected and influential family within the Temple hierarchy. This identification immediately establishes Pashur's deep roots and authority within the religious establishment.
* **"who [was] also chief governor in the house of the LORD,"**: This phrase clarifies Pashur's dual role and significant authority. He was not merely a priest by birthright but held a powerful administrative position as the "chief governor" or "overseer" within the sacred precincts of the Temple. This role would have given him direct jurisdiction over Temple security, order, and potentially the power to arrest or punish those who disturbed the peace or challenged the religious establishment. His location "in the house of the LORD" (the Temple) emphasizes that Jeremiah's prophecy was delivered in a sacred, public, and highly sensitive location, making Pashur's reaction an institutional response.
* **"heard that Jeremiah prophesied these things."**: This final clause states the immediate cause of the ensuing conflict. Pashur "heard" (Hebrew: _shâmaʻ_, H8085, implying not just a passive hearing but an intelligent understanding and taking notice, often with the implication of obedience or, in this case, a strong reaction) Jeremiah's public declarations. "Prophesied these things" refers to the specific messages of judgment and destruction that Jeremiah had just delivered, especially those from [Jeremiah chapter 19](/jeremiah/19 "Jeremiah 19 - The Shattered Jar"). Pashur's hearing of these divinely-inspired words is the direct catalyst for his punitive action against Jeremiah, as recorded in the following verses.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs **Character Introduction** to immediately establish Pashur as a key figure of opposition. His full title, "Pashur the son of Immer the priest, who was also chief governor in the house of the LORD," serves to highlight his significant authority and entrenched position within the religious and political power structure. This detailed introduction sets up a stark **Contrast** between the powerful institutional figure and the seemingly lone prophet delivering an unpopular, divinely-mandated message. There is also a clear element of **Foreshadowing**, as Pashur's hearing of Jeremiah's prophecy directly anticipates the conflict and persecution that will immediately unfold in the subsequent narrative, indicating that the prophet's words will not be received passively but will provoke a strong, negative, and punitive reaction from those in power.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Jeremiah 20:1 profoundly underscores the perennial tension between divine truth and human institutions, particularly when God's message challenges the comfort, power, or traditions of those in authority. Pashur's immediate and hostile reaction to Jeremiah's prophecy illustrates how spiritual leaders, even those serving "in the house of the LORD," can become resistant to God's true word when it threatens their established order, exposes their sin, or contradicts their preferred narrative of peace and prosperity. This highlights the theological principle that faithfulness to God's call often involves confrontation and suffering, as God's prophets are called to speak truth to power, regardless of the personal cost. The verse sets the stage for a profound exploration of prophetic suffering and the unwavering nature of God's word, which, once spoken, cannot be silenced by human opposition but will inevitably accomplish its divine purpose.

* [Amos 7:10-13](/amos/7-10-13 "Amos 7:10-13 - Amaziah, the priest of Bethel, opposes Amos")
* [Acts 5:27-29](/acts/5-27-29 "Acts 5:27-29 - Peter and the apostles declare, 'We must obey God rather than men'")
* [2 Timothy 3:12](/2_timothy/3-12 "2 Timothy 3:12 - All who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will suffer persecution")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Jeremiah 20:1 serves as a powerful and sobering reminder that proclaiming God's truth can often lead to significant opposition, especially from those who hold positions of power or influence, even within religious circles. It challenges us to examine our own hearts: are we, like Pashur, prone to resist uncomfortable truths that disrupt our comfort, challenge our traditions, or threaten our perceived authority and control? Or are we willing to humbly embrace the often-challenging word of God, even when it demands personal sacrifice or confronts our cherished assumptions? This verse encourages believers to cultivate a courage rooted in conviction, to speak God's truth faithfully and lovingly in a world that frequently resists it, and to be prepared for the potential cost of such obedience. It reminds us that true authority resides not in human titles, institutions, or popular opinion, but in the living, active, and eternal word of God, which demands our ultimate allegiance, even when it leads to personal hardship or social ostracization. Our faithfulness is measured by our willingness to align with God's truth, regardless of the consequences.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How do I typically react when God's word, whether through Scripture, a sermon, or a faithful messenger, challenges my comfort zones, personal traditions, or perceived authority?**
* **In what areas of my life, my family, or my community might I be tempted to silence or resist a truth that feels inconvenient or threatens my status quo or reputation?**
* **What does Jeremiah's unwavering commitment to speaking God's message, despite the severe opposition he faced, teach me about faithfulness and courage in my own walk with God?**
* **How can I cultivate the spiritual fortitude to speak truth, even when it is unpopular or comes with a personal cost, trusting in God's ultimate sovereignty and His vindication of His word?**

### FAQ
**Who was Pashur, and what was his role?**

Answer: Pashur the son of Immer was a prominent priest in Jerusalem during Jeremiah's time. Beyond his inherent priestly duties, he held the significant administrative title of "chief governor in the house of the LORD." This role meant he was an overseer or superintendent, likely responsible for maintaining order, discipline, and security within the Temple complex, and possibly managing its finances or personnel. His position gave him considerable authority to enforce rules and punish perceived disturbances, which he exercised against Jeremiah in the following verses.

**Why was Pashur so upset by Jeremiah's prophecy?**

Answer: Pashur was deeply upset because Jeremiah's prophecy, particularly the dramatic act of shattering a clay jar and his public pronouncements in [Jeremiah chapter 19](/jeremiah/19 "Jeremiah 19 - The Shattered Jar"), directly challenged the prevailing national optimism and the false sense of security that many, including religious leaders like Pashur, actively promoted. Jeremiah's message of impending destruction and desolation for Jerusalem and Judah was not only unwelcome but also undermined the authority and credibility of those who promised peace and prosperity, suggesting God was on their side regardless of their actions. Pashur likely viewed Jeremiah's actions as seditious, blasphemous, and a direct threat to the order, stability, and reputation of the Temple and the nation's leadership.

**What does "prophesied these things" refer to?**

Answer: "These things" refers specifically to the strong messages of judgment and impending doom that Jeremiah had just delivered publicly. Immediately prior to this verse, in [Jeremiah chapter 19](/jeremiah/19 "Jeremiah 19 - The Shattered Jar"), Jeremiah had performed a symbolic act at the Potter's Gate: he shattered a clay jar, symbolizing God's intention to shatter Judah and Jerusalem for their persistent idolatry and wickedness. He then returned to the Temple courts and reiterated this prophecy of destruction, declaring that God would bring "all the evil that I have pronounced against it" upon the city and its inhabitants [Jeremiah 19:15](/jeremiah/19-15 "Jeremiah 19:15 - Jeremiah's Prophecy in the Temple Courts"). It was this direct, public, and confrontational message of divine judgment that Pashur heard and reacted to with punitive action.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Jeremiah's experience in this verse, where he is opposed and persecuted by the religious establishment for faithfully proclaiming God's challenging and unpopular word, profoundly foreshadows the ministry of Jesus Christ. Like Jeremiah, Jesus came as God's ultimate Prophet, speaking the unvarnished truth of God's kingdom, righteousness, and impending judgment. He too delivered messages that were deeply unpopular, particularly among the religious leaders of His day, who held positions akin to Pashur's within the Temple hierarchy. Jesus's teachings on repentance, the true nature of the Law, the hypocrisy of the religious elite, and the coming judgment often clashed with the traditions and self-righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, who sought to maintain their authority, control, and popular favor. Just as Pashur heard Jeremiah's words and sought to silence him through physical punishment, the Jewish leaders "heard" Jesus's claims and teachings, leading them to conspire against Him and ultimately orchestrate His crucifixion [Matthew 26:3-4](/matthew/26-3-4 "Matthew 26:3-4 - The Chief Priests and Elders Conspire Against Jesus"). Jesus Himself lamented over Jerusalem, recognizing how it had historically rejected and killed God's prophets, stating, "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it!" [Matthew 23:37](/matthew/23-37 "Matthew 23:37 - Jesus Laments Over Jerusalem") and [Luke 13:34](/luke/13-34 "Luke 13:34 - Jesus Laments Over Jerusalem"). The rejection Jeremiah faced at the hands of a powerful priest in the Temple finds its ultimate and tragic fulfillment in the rejection of the Son of God by the very people He came to save, even those in positions of religious authority [John 1:11](/john/1-11 "John 1:11 - He came to His own"). Ultimately, Christ's suffering and vindication demonstrate that God's truth, though opposed and seemingly defeated, will always prevail, as He is the final and perfect Word of God, through whom God has spoken to us in these last days [Hebrews 1:1-2](/hebrews/1-1-2 "Hebrews 1:1-2 - God Speaks Through His Son").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Ezra 2:37

The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two.

Ezra 2:38

The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven.

1 Chronicles 24:14

The fifteenth to Bilgah, the sixteenth to Immer,

2 Kings 25:18

And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door:

Nehemiah 7:40

The children of Immer, a thousand fifty and two.

Nehemiah 7:41

The children of Pashur, a thousand two hundred forty and seven.

Acts 4:1

¶ And as they spake unto the people, the priests, and the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees, came upon them,