In the place where they kill the burnt offering shall they kill the trespass offering: and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round about upon the altar.
And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul that is above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away:
If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour, fried.
And of it he shall offer one out of the whole oblation for an heave offering unto the LORD, and it shall be the priest's that sprinkleth the blood of the peace offerings.
And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the morning.
But if the sacrifice of his offering be a vow, or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his sacrifice: and on the morrow also the remainder of it shall be eaten:
And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.
And the flesh that toucheth any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt with fire: and as for the flesh, all that be clean shall eat thereof.
But the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, that pertain unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.
Moreover the soul that shall touch any unclean thing, as the uncleanness of man, or any unclean beast, or any abominable unclean thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which pertain unto the LORD, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.
And the fat of the beast that dieth of itself, and the fat of that which is torn with beasts, may be used in any other use: but ye shall in no wise eat of it.
For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, even the soul that eateth it shall be cut off from his people.
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace offerings unto the LORD shall bring his oblation unto the LORD of the sacrifice of his peace offerings.
His own hands shall bring the offerings of the LORD made by fire, the fat with the breast, it shall he bring, that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before the LORD.
For the wave breast and the heave shoulder have I taken of the children of Israel from off the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons by a statute for ever from among the children of Israel.
¶ This is the portion of the anointing of Aaron, and of the anointing of his sons, out of the offerings of the LORD made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister unto the LORD in the priest's office;
Which the LORD commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them, by a statute for ever throughout their generations.
This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meat offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings;
Which the LORD commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai.
Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain
Study Notes for Leviticus 7
Verse 1
the law of the trespass offering — Asham is guilt and the offering for it, the word of Isa 53:10, where the Servant’s soul is made ‘an offering for sin’. Where a wrong could be repaid, the offerer restored the principal and added ‘the fifth part more’ (Lev 6:5). Like the sin offering, it is ‘most holy’ (Lev 6:25).
Verse 2
sprinkle round about upon the altar — The trespass offering is killed where the burnt offering is killed, as the sin offering is (Lev 6:25). Zaraq is to sprinkle or scatter the blood. Peter writes of ‘sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ’ (1 Pet 1:2), and Hebrews of ‘the blood of sprinkling’ (Heb 12:24).
Verse 6
Every male among the priests — Only Aaron’s sons ate this flesh, and only ‘in the holy place’, which Lev 6:26 names as ‘the court of the tabernacle of the congregation’. It is ‘most holy’, and the same meal is assigned to the priests among ‘the most holy things’ (Num 18:9–10).
Verse 7
one law for them — The sin offering and the trespass offering follow a single rule for the priest’s share: ‘the priest that maketh atonement therewith shall have it.’ Paul cites the same provision for ministers: ‘they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar’ (1 Cor 9:13).
Verse 8
the skin of the burnt offering — ’Or, the hide, goes to the priest who offered it, since the burnt offering was otherwise wholly consumed on the altar. A sin offering whose blood was brought into the tent was different: ‘the skin of the bullock’ went with ‘the whole bullock’ outside the camp (Lev 4:11–12).
Verse 11
peace offerings — Shelem is the sacrifice in thanks or fellowship, and its flesh is shared three ways: the fat is burned for the LORD (v.31), the breast and right shoulder go to the priests (vv.31–33), and the rest is eaten by the one who brought it (v.15), at a meal ‘unto the LORD’.
Verse 13
leavened bread — Leaven was barred from every offering made by fire (Lev 2:11), yet the thanksgiving offering carried leavened loaves beside the unleavened cakes of v.12. One out of the whole oblation went to the priest as a heave offering (v.14). The two firstfruit wave loaves were also ‘baken with leaven’ (Lev 23:17).
Verse 15
eaten the same day — The thanksgiving offering (todah) allowed no leftovers: ‘he shall not leave any of it until the morning.’ A vow or voluntary offering could be eaten on the next day as well (v.16). Lev 22:30 repeats the rule for the thanksgiving: ‘On the same day it shall be eaten up.’
Verse 18
the third day — Whatever remained to the third day was to be burnt (v.17); if eaten, the offering ‘shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed’. Piggul, ‘abomination’, is a rare word, found four times: here, Lev 19:7, Isa 65:4 and Ezek 4:14. Lev 19:8 repeats that the eater ‘shall bear his iniquity’.
Verse 20
cut off from his people — Karath, to cut off, is the penalty for eating the LORD’s peace offering ‘having his uncleanness upon him’. Lev 22:3 puts it as ‘cut off from my presence’. The same penalty is set on the uncircumcised (Gen 17:14). The laws of uncleanness follow in Lev 11–15.
Verse 21
any unclean thing — Three sources of defilement are named: ‘the uncleanness of man’, ‘any unclean beast’, and ‘any abominable unclean thing’ (sheqets, an abomination). Touching a carcase made a person ‘unclean, and guilty’ even when it was unnoticed (Lev 5:2), and the penalty here is again ‘cut off from his people’.
Verse 23
no manner of fat — The fat (cheleb) of ox, sheep and goat, the animals offered, was the LORD’s: ‘all the fat is the LORD’S’ (Lev 3:16), ‘a perpetual statute’ (Lev 3:17). In Eli’s day the priest’s servant demanded flesh ‘before they burnt the fat’ (1 Sam 2:15).
Verse 26
no manner of blood — The ban covers ‘fowl or … beast’ and holds ‘in any of your dwellings’ as well as at the sanctuary. The reason is given in Lev 17:11: ‘the life of the flesh is in the blood … to make an atonement for your souls’. It reaches back to Noah (Gen 9:4) and forward to Acts 15:20, ‘abstain … from blood’.
Verse 30
waved for a wave offering — Tenuphah, from the verb nuph, to wave: the worshipper brings the fat with the breast in ‘his own hands’, the fat for the altar, and the breast is waved before the LORD and then given to the priests (v.31). The breast of Aaron’s consecration ram was waved likewise (Ex 29:26).
Verse 34
the wave breast and the heave shoulder — The breast was waved (tenuphah) and the right shoulder lifted (terumah, v.32). Both pass to Aaron and his sons ‘by a statute for ever’. Num 18:18–19 repeats the grant and calls it ‘a covenant of salt for ever before the LORD’.
Verse 37
the consecrations — Six laws are summed up: burnt, meat, sin, trespass, consecrations and peace offerings. Milluim, from the verb ‘to fill’, is the ordination offering; the ram of Aaron’s consecration is described in Ex 29:22, and the rite is carried out in Lev 8.
Verse 38
in mount Sinai — The LORD spoke the book’s opening words ‘out of the tabernacle of the congregation’ (Lev 1:1). The offerings were fixed ‘in the day that he commanded’ them, in ‘the wilderness of Sinai’; the book closes the same way: ‘in mount Sinai’ (Lev 27:34).
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