In the place where they kill the burnt-offering shall they kill the trespass-offering; and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle upon the altar round about.
And every meal-offering that is baken in the oven, and all that is dressed in the frying-pan, and on the baking-pan, shall be the priest’s that offereth it.
If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour soaked.
And of it he shall offer one out of each oblation for a heave-offering unto Jehovah; it shall be the priest’s that sprinkleth the blood of the peace-offerings.
And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his oblation; he shall not leave any of it until the morning.
But if the sacrifice of his oblation be a vow, or a freewill-offering, it shall be eaten on the day that he offereth his sacrifice; and on the morrow that which remaineth of it shall be eaten:
And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings be eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.
And the flesh that toucheth any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt with fire. And as for the flesh, every one that is clean shall eat thereof:
but the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, that pertain unto Jehovah, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from his people.
And when any one shall touch any unclean thing, the uncleanness of man, or an unclean beast, or any unclean abomination, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which pertain unto Jehovah, that soul shall be cut off from his people.
And the fat of that which dieth of itself, and the fat of that which is torn of beasts, may be used for any other service; but ye shall in no wise eat of it.
For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an offering made by fire unto Jehovah, even the soul that eateth it shall be cut off from his people.
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace-offerings unto Jehovah shall bring his oblation unto Jehovah out of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings:
his own hands shall bring the offerings of Jehovah made by fire; the fat with the breast shall he bring, that the breast may be waved for a wave-offering before Jehovah.
For the wave-breast and the heave-thigh have I taken of the children of Israel out of the sacrifices of their peace-offerings, and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons as their portion for ever from the children of Israel.
This is the anointing-portion of Aaron, and the anointing-portion of his sons, out of the offerings of Jehovah made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister unto Jehovah in the priest’s office;
which Jehovah commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them. It is their portion for ever throughout their generations.
This is the law of the burnt-offering, of the meal-offering, and of the sin-offering, and of the trespass-offering, and of the consecration, and of the sacrifice of peace-offerings;
which Jehovah commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto Jehovah, in the wilderness of Sinai.
Bible text: American Standard Version (1901) · Public domain
Study Notes for Leviticus 7
Verse 1
the law of the trespass offering — Asham is guilt and the offering for it, the word of Isa 53:10, where the Servant's soul is made 'an offering for sin'. Where a wrong could be repaid, the offerer restored the principal and added 'the fifth part more' (Lev 6:5). Like the sin offering, it is 'most holy' (Lev 6:25).
Verse 2
sprinkle round about upon the altar — The trespass offering is killed where the burnt offering is killed, as the sin offering is (Lev 6:25). Zaraq is to sprinkle or scatter the blood. Peter writes of 'sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ' (1 Pet 1:2), and Hebrews of 'the blood of sprinkling' (Heb 12:24).
Verse 6
Every male among the priests — Only Aaron's sons ate this flesh, and only 'in the holy place', which Lev 6:26 names as 'the court of the tabernacle of the congregation'. It is 'most holy', and the same meal is assigned to the priests among 'the most holy things' (Num 18:9–10).
Verse 7
one law for them — The sin offering and the trespass offering follow a single rule for the priest's share: 'the priest that maketh atonement therewith shall have it.' Paul cites the same provision for ministers: 'they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar' (1 Cor 9:13).
Verse 8
the skin of the burnt offering — 'Or, the hide, goes to the priest who offered it, since the burnt offering was otherwise wholly consumed on the altar. A sin offering whose blood was brought into the tent was different: 'the skin of the bullock' went with 'the whole bullock' outside the camp (Lev 4:11–12).
Verse 11
peace offerings — Shelem is the sacrifice in thanks or fellowship, and its flesh is shared three ways: the fat is burned for the LORD (v.31), the breast and right shoulder go to the priests (vv.31–33), and the rest is eaten by the one who brought it (v.15), at a meal 'unto the LORD'.
Verse 13
leavened bread — Leaven was barred from every offering made by fire (Lev 2:11), yet the thanksgiving offering carried leavened loaves beside the unleavened cakes of v.12. One out of the whole oblation went to the priest as a heave offering (v.14). The two firstfruit wave loaves were also 'baken with leaven' (Lev 23:17).
Verse 15
eaten the same day — The thanksgiving offering (todah) allowed no leftovers: 'he shall not leave any of it until the morning.' A vow or voluntary offering could be eaten on the next day as well (v.16). Lev 22:30 repeats the rule for the thanksgiving: 'On the same day it shall be eaten up.'
Verse 18
the third day — Whatever remained to the third day was to be burnt (v.17); if eaten, the offering 'shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed'. Piggul, 'abomination', is a rare word, found four times: here, Lev 19:7, Isa 65:4 and Ezek 4:14. Lev 19:8 repeats that the eater 'shall bear his iniquity'.
Verse 20
cut off from his people — Karath, to cut off, is the penalty for eating the LORD's peace offering 'having his uncleanness upon him'. Lev 22:3 puts it as 'cut off from my presence'. The same penalty is set on the uncircumcised (Gen 17:14). The laws of uncleanness follow in Lev 11–15.
Verse 21
any unclean thing — Three sources of defilement are named: 'the uncleanness of man', 'any unclean beast', and 'any abominable unclean thing' (sheqets, an abomination). Touching a carcase made a person 'unclean, and guilty' even when it was unnoticed (Lev 5:2), and the penalty here is again 'cut off from his people'.
Verse 23
no manner of fat — The fat (cheleb) of ox, sheep and goat, the animals offered, was the LORD's: 'all the fat is the LORD'S' (Lev 3:16), 'a perpetual statute' (Lev 3:17). In Eli's day the priest's servant demanded flesh 'before they burnt the fat' (1 Sam 2:15).
Verse 26
no manner of blood — The ban covers 'fowl or … beast' and holds 'in any of your dwellings' as well as at the sanctuary. The reason is given in Lev 17:11: 'the life of the flesh is in the blood … to make an atonement for your souls'. It reaches back to Noah (Gen 9:4) and forward to Acts 15:20, 'abstain … from blood'.
Verse 30
waved for a wave offering — Tenuphah, from the verb nuph, to wave: the worshipper brings the fat with the breast in 'his own hands', the fat for the altar, and the breast is waved before the LORD and then given to the priests (v.31). The breast of Aaron's consecration ram was waved likewise (Ex 29:26).
Verse 34
the wave breast and the heave shoulder — The breast was waved (tenuphah) and the right shoulder lifted (terumah, v.32). Both pass to Aaron and his sons 'by a statute for ever'. Num 18:18–19 repeats the grant and calls it 'a covenant of salt for ever before the LORD'.
Verse 37
the consecrations — Six laws are summed up: burnt, meat, sin, trespass, consecrations and peace offerings. Milluim, from the verb 'to fill', is the ordination offering; the ram of Aaron's consecration is described in Ex 29:22, and the rite is carried out in Lev 8.
Verse 38
in mount Sinai — The LORD spoke the book's opening words 'out of the tabernacle of the congregation' (Lev 1:1). The offerings were fixed 'in the day that he commanded' them, in 'the wilderness of Sinai'; the book closes the same way: 'in mount Sinai' (Lev 27:34).
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