Isaiah 15
The Destruction of Moab's Cities and the Flight of Refugees 1–5
Desolation of the Land and Economic Ruin 6–7
Judgment Spreads Across Moab 8–9
Bible text: American Standard Version (1901) · Public domain
Study Notes for Isaiah 15
Verse 1
in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste — 'Burden' (massa) is the title of this oracle as of 14:28. 'Brought to silence' is damah, the verb of 6:5, 'Woe is me! for I am undone'. Ar of Moab was 'consumed' by the fire from Heshbon in Num 21:28, and Moab was Lot's son, born of his firstborn daughter (Gen 19:37).
Verse 2
on all their heads shall be baldness — Baldness (qorchah) and the cut beard are signs of mourning, as in 3:24, 'instead of well set hair baldness', and Jer 48:37, 'every head shall be bald, and every beard clipped'. 'Cut off' is gada', the verb of 10:33 and 14:12. 'Bajith' is the word for 'house', and the 'high places' (bamah) are where Moab goes up to weep.
Verse 4
Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh — 'Reuben built Heshbon, and Elealeh' (Num 32:37), and Jahaz is where Sihon 'fought against Israel' (21:23); the three are named again in Jer 48:34. 'Cry' (za'aq) is the verb used of Heshbon here and of Isaiah's own heart in v.5, and its noun is the 'cry' of v.8.
Verse 5
My heart shall cry out for Moab — The prophet's grief is echoed in 16:11, 'my bowels shall sound like an harp for Moab', and in Jer 48:31 and 48:36. Zoar is the city where Lot found refuge from Sodom (Gen 19:22–23), and Moab was Lot's son. Jer 48:34 repeats 'an heifer of three years old' with Zoar and Horonaim.
Verse 6
the waters of Nimrim shall be desolate — Jer 48:34 repeats the line, 'the waters also of Nimrim shall be desolate'. 'Withered away' is yabesh, the verb of 40:7, 'The grass withereth, the flower fadeth'. Here the 'hay', the 'grass' and the 'green thing' are the pasture and growth that depended on those waters.
Verse 7
that which they have laid up — 'Laid up' is pequddah, the word rendered 'visitation' in 10:3, 'what will ye do in the day of visitation… where will ye leave your glory?' 'Abundance' (yithrah) is what is left over. 'Willows' (arab) grow by streams: 'as willows by the water courses' (44:4).
Verse 8
the cry is gone round about the borders of Moab — The cry that began at Ar and Kir (v.1) now circles 'the borders' (gevul). 'Cry' (za'aqah) is the noun of the verb in vv.4–5, and 'howling' (yelalah) the noun of 'howl' in v.2. Eglaim and Beerelim are named only here.
Verse 9
the waters of Dimon shall be full of blood — 'Dimon' is possibly a form of Dibon (v.2). 'Him that escapeth' (peletah) is the word of 4:2 and 10:20, where the escaped of Israel are kept; the escaped of Moab meet 'lions', as the people newly settled in Samaria did (2 Kgs 17:25). 16:14 says 'the remnant shall be very small and feeble'.