2 Kings 12:20

Translation
King James Version
And his servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and slew Joash in the house of Millo, which goeth down to Silla.
Ask
KJV (with Strong's)
And his servants H5650 arose H6965, and made H7194 a conspiracy H7195, and slew H5221 Joash H3101 in the house H1004 of Millo H4407 H1037, which goeth down H3381 to Silla H5538.
Ask
Complete Jewish Bible
Then his servants got together, formed a conspiracy and murdered Yo'ash at Beit-Millo on the way down to Sila.
Ask
Berean Standard Bible
And the servants of Joash rose up and formed a conspiracy and killed him at Beth-millo, on the road down to Silla.
Ask
American Standard Version
And his servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and smote Joash at the house of Millo, on the way that goeth down to Silla.
Ask
World English Bible Messianic
His servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and struck Joash at the house of Millo, on the way that goes down to Silla.
Ask
Geneva Bible (1599)
And his seruants arose and wrought treason, and slewe Ioash in the house of Millo, when he came downe to Silla:
Ask
Young's Literal Translation
And his servants rise, and make a conspiracy, and smite Joash in the house of Millo, that is going down to Silla:
Ask
See also
2 Chronicles 24:242 Chronicles 24:272 Kings 14:5Judges 9:62 Samuel 5:91 Kings 11:272 Chronicles 33:24
See on the biblical-era map
The Reign of Joash
The Reign of Joash View full PDF

Map © Biblica Open Bible Maps · CC BY-SA 4.0

In the KJVVerse 9,871 of 31,102

Study This Verse

SUMMARY

2 Kings 12:20 records the tragic and violent assassination of King Joash of Judah by his own servants. This pivotal event marks the abrupt and ignominious end of a reign that began with great promise under the faithful guidance of the high priest Jehoiada but ultimately devolved into apostasy, idolatry, and cruelty after Jehoiada's death. The verse highlights the severe consequences of Joash's unfaithfulness to God, serving as a stark reminder of divine judgment and the profound accountability of even the most powerful leaders before the Lord.

CONTEXT

  • Literary Context: This verse serves as the grim conclusion to the narrative of King Joash's reign in 2 Kings, picking up after his initial, promising start. His story began dramatically in 2 Kings 11 with his miraculous rescue from the murderous purge of Queen Athaliah and his subsequent coronation by the high priest Jehoiada. Chapter 12 initially portrays Joash as a righteous king, diligently overseeing the repair and restoration of the Temple of the Lord, a significant undertaking detailed in 2 Kings 12:4-16. However, the parallel account in 2 Chronicles 24 provides crucial additional details, revealing a dramatic shift in Joash's character after Jehoiada's death. It explicitly states that Joash turned away from God, listened to corrupt officials, and even sanctioned the murder of Zechariah, Jehoiada's son, who rebuked him for his apostasy (2 Chronicles 24:17-22). The immediate preceding verses in 2 Kings 12 describe Joash's defeat by the Arameans and his subsequent illness, setting the stage for the internal coup. Thus, 2 Kings 12:20 is not an isolated event but the culmination of Joash's spiritual decline and the divine judgment that followed his profound unfaithfulness.
  • Historical & Cultural Context: King Joash (also known as Jehoash) reigned in Judah for 40 years, approximately from 835 to 796 BC. He ascended the throne at the tender age of seven, having been hidden for six years from the murderous Queen Athaliah, his grandmother, who sought to exterminate the royal line (2 Kings 11:1-3). His early reign was marked by a significant revival of Yahweh worship and extensive Temple restoration efforts, largely due to the powerful and righteous influence of Jehoiada, the high priest. The "house of Millo" refers to a prominent fortified structure or complex within Jerusalem, likely part of the city's defenses, possibly a citadel or rampart, known from other biblical texts (e.g., 2 Samuel 5:9 and 1 Kings 9:15). "Silla" is a more obscure geographical reference, possibly indicating a specific path, descent, or gate near the Millo, perhaps a well-known landmark within the royal or defensive precincts. The specificity of the location suggests that the assassination, though a conspiracy, occurred in a well-known, perhaps even public, part of the royal complex, underscoring the audacity and internal nature of the coup. Assassinations of kings by their own servants, military leaders, or disgruntled factions were not uncommon in the ancient Near East, often driven by political ambition, discontent, or perceived weakness in leadership.
  • Key Themes: The narrative of Joash's reign, culminating in this verse, powerfully illustrates several recurring biblical themes. Foremost is the consequences of apostasy, demonstrating that even a king who begins with faithfulness can fall dramatically when he abandons God and godly counsel. Joash's turning away from the Lord after Jehoiada's death directly precipitates his downfall, emphasizing the principle that "righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people" (Proverbs 14:34). This event also underscores the theme of divine judgment, as the assassination, though carried out by human agents, is presented in the broader biblical narrative (especially 2 Chronicles 24:22-24) as a direct consequence of Joash's unfaithfulness and particularly his shedding of innocent blood. Furthermore, the account highlights the accountability of leadership, showing that even kings are not above God's law and are held responsible for their actions, especially their spiritual leadership over the nation. Finally, the conspiracy itself speaks to the dark theme of human treachery and betrayal, revealing how ambition, discontent, and a lack of moral compass can lead to violent and destructive ends, particularly in the corridors of power.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

  • Servants (Hebrew, ʻebed', H5650): This term (H5650) refers to bondmen, servants, or those in subservient positions. In a royal context, these would be trusted officials, courtiers, or members of the king's personal staff. The fact that the conspiracy was initiated by "his servants" underscores the profound betrayal and internal rot within Joash's court. It highlights the vulnerability of even powerful rulers to those closest to them, especially when trust is eroded by perceived injustice or weakness.
  • Conspiracy (Hebrew, qesher', H7195): This noun (H7195) denotes an "unlawful alliance," a "confederacy," or "treason." It implies a deliberate, organized, and often secret agreement among individuals to overthrow an authority or achieve a nefarious goal. The use of this word emphasizes that Joash's death was not a random act of violence but a premeditated and coordinated effort by those closest to him, highlighting the depth of betrayal and the internal instability that had plagued his reign.
  • Slew (Hebrew, nâkâh', H5221): This primitive root (H5221) means "to strike," "to hit," or "to kill." The specific verbal form used here (a Hiphil perfect, vayyakku) often denotes a violent and decisive striking, leading to death. The directness of the verb conveys the brutal and final nature of the act. It is not merely that Joash died, but that he was violently "struck down" or "murdered," underscoring the severity and finality of the judgment against him.

Verse Breakdown

  • "And his servants arose, and made a conspiracy,": This clause immediately establishes the agency and the nature of the act. "His servants" indicates an internal betrayal, suggesting deep-seated discontent or ambition within the royal household. The phrase "arose" (וַיָּקֻמוּ, vayyaqumu, from H6965 qûwm) implies a decisive and active movement, not a passive event, signifying their resolve. The "conspiracy" (קֶשֶׁר, qesher, H7195) signifies a deliberate, organized plot, underscoring the premeditated nature of the regicide. This was not a spontaneous uprising but a carefully planned coup.
  • "and slew Joash": This is the stark, central action of the verse. It directly states the outcome of the conspiracy: the murder of the king. The use of "slew" (וַיַּכּוּ, vayyakku, from H5221 nâkâh) emphasizes the violent and decisive nature of his death, leaving no ambiguity about the regicide. This act brings a violent and ignominious end to a reign that had tragically veered from its initial righteous path.
  • "in the house of Millo, which goeth down to Silla.": This specific geographical detail grounds the event in a tangible location within Jerusalem. The "house of Millo" (H1037 Bêyth Millôwʼ, from H1004 bayith "house" and H4407 millôwʼ "rampart") was a known fortified area or citadel, suggesting that the assassination occurred within the royal complex or a strategically important defensive structure. "Silla" (H5538 Çillâʼ), possibly an embankment or a specific path/descent (from H3381 yârad "goeth down") associated with the Millo, further pinpoints the location. The precision of the location adds historical veracity to the account and indicates that the event was a known, perhaps even public, act within the royal precincts, not a hidden crime.

Literary Devices

The verse employs several literary devices to convey its powerful message. Irony is profoundly present, as Joash, who was miraculously saved from death as an infant and placed on the throne by the faithful Jehoiada, is ultimately brought to a violent end by his own trusted servants. This contrasts sharply with his promising beginning and highlights the tragic trajectory of his reign. The narrative also utilizes specificity of detail by naming "the house of Millo" and "Silla," which lends a sense of historical authenticity and realism to the account, making the event tangible and memorable. Furthermore, the verse functions as a powerful moment of divine judgment within the broader narrative. While human agents carry out the act, the preceding context, especially in 2 Chronicles, frames Joash's death as a direct consequence of his apostasy and the murder of Zechariah, Jehoiada's son. This implies a cause-and-effect structure, where Joash's unfaithfulness directly leads to his violent demise, serving as a cautionary tale for future kings and readers about the inevitable consequences of abandoning God's covenant.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

The assassination of King Joash in 2 Kings 12:20 serves as a profound theological statement on the consequences of spiritual declension and the unwavering principle of divine justice. Joash's story is a tragic illustration that a good beginning does not guarantee a good end; sustained faithfulness and adherence to God's covenant are paramount for leaders and individuals alike. His turning away from the Lord after the death of his mentor, Jehoiada, led to idolatry and even the murder of a prophet, Zechariah. This act of regicide, though carried out by human hands, is presented as a direct consequence of his sin, a form of divine judgment for his apostasy and the shedding of innocent blood. It underscores that no one, not even a king, is exempt from God's moral law and the repercussions of unrighteousness. The narrative highlights the importance of consistent obedience, the necessity of godly counsel, and the severe spiritual and temporal consequences of abandoning the Lord.

  • 2 Chronicles 24:20-22 - This parallel account explicitly links Zechariah's murder and Zechariah's dying curse ("The Lord look upon it, and require it") to Joash's subsequent judgment and assassination.
  • Proverbs 16:18 - "Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall," reflecting Joash's descent from humility and obedience to arrogance, idolatry, and eventual downfall.
  • Galatians 6:7-8 - "Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting." This New Testament principle perfectly encapsulates the spiritual trajectory and ultimate fate of Joash.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

The tragic end of King Joash in 2 Kings 12:20 offers enduring spiritual lessons for believers today. His story is a powerful reminder that initial zeal and promising beginnings are not sufficient; sustained faithfulness, perseverance in obedience, and a lifelong commitment to God's truth are essential for spiritual vitality and enduring fruitfulness. Joash's downfall illustrates the critical importance of godly influence and accountability. Once Jehoiada, his spiritual mentor and moral compass, passed away, Joash quickly succumbed to corrupt counsel and abandoned the Lord, demonstrating how easily even those in positions of power can be led astray without consistent spiritual grounding and wise guidance. This narrative calls us to continually examine our hearts, remain vigilant against the subtle allure of sin and compromise, and actively seek out and submit to wise, biblical counsel throughout our lives. It also underscores the sobering reality that our choices, especially those in leadership, have far-reaching consequences, not only for ourselves but for those we influence and even for the spiritual health of our communities. Ultimately, Joash's story is a solemn warning to cultivate a deep, personal, and unwavering walk with God, ensuring that our faith is rooted in Christ alone, independent of external circumstances or human mentors.

Questions for Reflection

  • What external influences or internal temptations might cause me to drift from my initial commitment to Christ, much like Joash drifted after Jehoiada's death?
  • How can I ensure that my faith is not merely dependent on external mentors or favorable circumstances, but is deeply rooted in a personal and consistent relationship with God through His Word and prayer?
  • In what areas of my life, especially where I have influence or leadership, do I need to be particularly vigilant against the temptation to compromise or turn away from God's righteous standards?

FAQ

Was Joash's assassination truly divine judgment, or merely a political coup?

Answer: While the assassination of Joash was indeed carried out by human agents motivated by political discontent or personal grievances, the broader biblical narrative, particularly in 2 Chronicles 24, presents it as a clear and undeniable act of divine judgment. After the death of Jehoiada, Joash turned away from the Lord, embraced idolatry, and most significantly, allowed the murder of Zechariah, Jehoiada's son, who rebuked him for his apostasy (2 Chronicles 24:17-22). Zechariah's dying words, "The Lord look upon it, and require it," are immediately followed by an Aramean invasion and Joash's subsequent illness, culminating in his assassination. The biblical authors frequently interpret historical events through a theological lens, seeing God's sovereign hand at work in the rise and fall of kings and nations, especially in response to their faithfulness or unfaithfulness to the covenant. Therefore, while human actors were involved, the biblical perspective is that God "required" Joash's sin, using the conspiracy as an instrument of His righteous judgment.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

The tragic narrative of King Joash, culminating in his assassination, stands in stark and profound contrast to the perfect reign and ultimate destiny of Jesus Christ. Joash, though beginning his reign under godly influence, ultimately succumbed to unfaithfulness, leading to his violent overthrow by his own servants—a consequence of his own sin and apostasy. This highlights the inherent fallibility of human kings and the devastating consequences of sin. In contrast, Jesus is the perfectly faithful King, the true Son of David, whose reign is eternal, righteous, and unshakeable (Luke 1:32-33). While Joash was betrayed by his servants due to his own unrighteousness, Christ was also betrayed by one of His own, Judas Iscariot (Matthew 26:47-50), but this betrayal was not a consequence of His sin, for He knew no sin (2 Corinthians 5:21). Rather, it was a preordained act that led to His sacrificial death for the sins of humanity (Isaiah 53:5-6), fulfilling God's redemptive plan. Joash's death was a judgment upon him for his unrighteousness; Christ's death was a judgment for us, absorbing the wrath we deserved and offering propitiation for our sins (Romans 5:8 and 1 John 2:2). Unlike Joash, who died in a fortified palace as a result of a human conspiracy, Christ willingly laid down His life outside the city gates, demonstrating perfect obedience to His Father's will and conquering sin and death through His resurrection (Philippians 2:8-11). Ultimately, Joash's story underscores the profound human need for a King who is not only righteous but also perfectly faithful, sovereign, and incapable of falling—a King found only in Jesus, who reigns forever and ever (Revelation 11:15).

Copy as

Commentary on 2 Kings 12 verses 17–21

When Joash had revolted from God and become both an idolater and a persecutor the hand of the Lord went out against him, and his last state was worse than his first.

I. His wealth and honour became an easy prey to his neighbours. Hazael, when he had chastised Israel (Kg2 10:32), threatened Judah and Jerusalem likewise, took Gath, a strong city (Kg2 12:17), and thence intended to march with his forces against Jerusalem, the royal city, the holy city, but whose defence, on account of its sinfulness, had departed. Joash had neither spirit nor strength to make head against him, but gave him all the hallowed things, and all the gold that was found both in his exchequer and in the treasures of the temple (Kg2 12:18), to bribe him to march another way. If it were lawful to do this for the public safety, better part with the gold of the temple than expose the temple itself; yet, 1. If he had not forsaken God, and forfeited his protection, his affairs would not have been brought to this extremity, but he might have forced Hazael to retire. 2. He diminished himself, and made himself very mean, lost the honour of a prince and a soldier, and of an Israelite too, in alienating the dedicated things. 3. He impoverished himself and his kingdom. And, 4. He tempted Hazael to come again, when he could carry home so rich a booty without striking a stroke. And it had this effect, for the next year the host of Syria came up against Jerusalem, destroyed the prince, and plundered the city, Ch2 24:23, Ch2 24:24.

II. His life became an easy prey to his own servants. They conspired against him and slew him (Kg2 12:20, Kg2 12:21), not aiming at his kingdom, for they opposed not his son's succeeding him, but to be avenged on him for some crime he had committed; and we are told in Chronicles that his murdering the prophet, Jehoiada's son, was the provocation. In this, how unrighteous soever they were (vengeance was not theirs, nor did it belong to them to repay), God was righteous; and this was not the only time that he let even kings know that it was at their peril if they touched his anointed and did his prophets any harm, and that, when he comes to make inquisition for blood, the blood of prophets will run the account very high. Thus fell Joash, who began in the spirit and ended in the flesh. God usually sets marks of his displeasure upon apostates, even in this life; for they, of all sinners, do most reproach the Lord.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 17–21. Public domain.
Copy as
Ephrem the SyrianAD 373
ON THE SECOND BOOK OF KINGS 12:20
“His servants arose, devised a conspiracy and killed Joash in the house of Millo, on the way that goes down to Silla.” When he reached the age of 130 years, the priest Jehoiada died. Joash, being persuaded by the advice of some of his princes, abandoned the true religion which he had piously served when Jehoiada was alive, and restored the idolatry introduced by the women of Sidon, which he had gloriously banished with the help of the high priest himself. And while Zechariah, son of Jehoiada, attempted to prevent [that impiety] with all his might, and being inflamed with the divine spirit and standing between the temple and the altar, reproached the king and his princes, he was stoned to death in the hall itself of the house of God. And that was an act of extreme cruelty on the part of Joash, and every person’s mind was disturbed because he, being oblivious of the benefits received from Jehoiada, allowed that the son of that very holy man was treated with such brutality before him and even incited [the crowd to stone him]. And [Zechariah], calling God as the witness of his innocence and his avenger, said, “May the Lord see and avenge.” The holy man foresaw the calamities that would shortly befall the king and his kingdom. One year later the Syrians invaded Judah and plundered the land so that Joash, in order to save his life, was forced to deprive himself of the goods of the royal house and of the temple but was, nevertheless, shamefully ill treated by his enemies; and eventually he fell ill and lay in bed. While Joash was ill in his own bed, he was the victim of a plot of his servants, who stabbed him to death.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
Copy as

Continue studying 2 Kings 12:20 across the web’s major study libraries — every link below opens this exact verse, chapter, or book on the destination site.

Read & Compare

Commentaries

Original Language & Research

Sermons, Hymns & Audio

TrulyRandomVerse is not affiliated with these sites and doesn’t control their content. They’re linked because they’re genuinely useful.