2 Chronicles 34:2

KJV

And he did [that which was] right in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the ways of David his father, and declined [neither] to the right hand, nor to the left.

KJV (with Strong's)

And he did {H6213} that which was right {H3477} in the sight {H5869} of the LORD {H3068}, and walked {H3212} in the ways {H1870} of David {H1732} his father {H1}, and declined {H5493} neither to the right hand {H3225}, nor to the left {H8040}.

Complete Jewish Bible

He did what was right from ADONAI's perspective, living entirely in the manner of David his ancestor and turning away neither to the right nor to the left.

Berean Standard Bible

And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD and walked in the ways of his father David; he did not turn aside to the right or to the left.

American Standard Version

And he did that which was right in the eyes of Jehovah, and walked in the ways of David his father, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
King Josiah's reign, as introduced in 2 Chronicles 34:2, stands as a profound testament to righteous leadership and unwavering devotion in the face of widespread apostasy. Ascending the throne of Judah at a tender age, Josiah distinguished himself by consistently doing "that which was right in the sight of the LORD." His commitment was characterized by a faithful adherence to the spiritual legacy of King David, demonstrating a steadfast obedience that neither deviated to the right nor to the left, setting the stage for significant national reform and a return to covenant faithfulness.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Verse 2 immediately follows the brief introduction of Josiah's ascension to the throne at eight years old in [2 Chronicles 34:1](/2_chronicles/34-1 "2 Chronicles 34:1 - Josiah's Reign Begins"). This quick transition from his age to his character is highly significant, establishing his moral and spiritual integrity from the outset of his reign. It starkly contrasts with the preceding accounts of his father Amon (2 Chronicles 33:21-25) and grandfather Manasseh (2 Chronicles 33:1-20), both of whom "did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD." By immediately declaring Josiah's righteousness, the Chronicler signals a dramatic shift in Judah's spiritual trajectory, positioning Josiah as a beacon of hope and a catalyst for profound national repentance and reform, which unfolds in the subsequent verses of [2 Chronicles 34](/2_chronicles/34 "2 Chronicles 34 - Josiah's Reforms").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Josiah inherited a kingdom deeply entrenched in idolatry and syncretism, largely due to the prolonged and wicked reign of his grandfather Manasseh. Manasseh had actively promoted Baal worship, Asherah poles, and astral cults, even building altars to pagan deities within the temple precincts (2 Chronicles 33:3-7). His father Amon continued this apostasy (2 Chronicles 33:22). Culturally, Judah had become accustomed to a blend of Yahwism and pagan practices, making Josiah's commitment to pure monotheism and covenant fidelity a radical departure from the norm. Historically, the Assyrian Empire, which had long dominated the region, was in decline, creating a political vacuum that allowed Judah a degree of autonomy. This geopolitical shift provided Josiah with a unique opportunity to implement far-reaching religious reforms without significant external interference, enabling him to dismantle pagan altars and restore the temple, as detailed later in [2 Chronicles 34](/2_chronicles/34 "2 Chronicles 34 - Josiah's Reforms").
* **Key Themes:** The verse powerfully introduces several key themes that permeate the narrative of Josiah's reign and the broader book of Chronicles. First, **Righteous Leadership** is paramount, as Josiah's actions are explicitly deemed "right in the sight of the LORD," signifying divine approval and his adherence to God's moral and spiritual standards. This foundational characteristic is presented as the prerequisite for his later extensive spiritual reforms. Second, the **Davidic Ideal** is highlighted by his walking "in the ways of David his father." This phrase connects Josiah directly to [King David](/2_samuel/7 "2 Samuel 7 - The Davidic Covenant"), the benchmark for righteous kingship in Israel, signifying a return to the covenant loyalty and pure worship that many of Judah's preceding kings had abandoned. Third, **Steadfast Obedience** is powerfully conveyed by the phrase "declined neither to the right hand, nor to the left." This idiom, rooted in Deuteronomic law (e.g., [Deuteronomy 5:32](/deuteronomy/5-32 "Deuteronomy 5:32 - Do Not Turn Aside")), speaks to a life of strict adherence to God's commands without deviation or compromise, reflecting a deep personal integrity and devotion that would enable him to lead Judah back to the Lord.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Right (Hebrew, _yāšār'_):** This adjective denotes that which is straight, upright, just, or pleasing. When applied to actions done "in the sight of the LORD," it signifies alignment with God's moral and ethical standards, indicating divine approval. Josiah's conduct was not merely socially acceptable but divinely affirmed as righteous.
* **Walked (Hebrew, _hālak'_):** This verb, commonly used in biblical literature, serves as a metaphor for one's conduct, lifestyle, or course of life. To "walk in the ways of David" means to pattern one's life and reign after David's example of covenant faithfulness and devotion to God, rather than merely following his physical footsteps.
* **Declined (Hebrew, _sār'_):** This verb means to turn aside, deviate, or depart. In the context of "neither to the right hand, nor to the left," it emphasizes an unwavering commitment and strict adherence to a prescribed path, without any deviation or compromise. It signifies precision and steadfastness in obedience.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And he did [that which was] right in the sight of the LORD":** This clause establishes Josiah's fundamental character and the divine perspective on his rule. Unlike his immediate predecessors, Josiah's actions were not self-serving or idolatrous but aligned with God's will and standards. This divine approval is the foundation for his legitimacy as a godly king and the success of his reforms. It implies a personal commitment to Yahweh and His covenant.
* **"and walked in the ways of David his father":** This phrase links Josiah directly to the ideal of kingship established by King David. David was remembered as a man after God's own heart, despite his flaws, because of his foundational loyalty to Yahweh and the covenant. By walking in David's ways, Josiah committed to upholding the Mosaic Law, promoting true worship, and rejecting idolatry, thus restoring the spiritual integrity of the Davidic line, which had been severely compromised by kings like Manasseh.
* **"and declined [neither] to the right hand, nor to the left":** This powerful idiom, echoing the language of the Torah, emphasizes Josiah's unwavering and precise obedience to God's commands. It signifies a life lived in strict adherence to the divine path, without any deviation, compromise, or pursuit of alternative ways. It speaks to a singular focus on God's will, rejecting both the allure of worldly temptations (turning to the right) and the pressures of cultural conformity (turning to the left).

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices to convey Josiah's character and the nature of his reign. **Allusion** is prominent in the phrase "walked in the ways of David his father," which directly references the foundational covenant and ideal kingship established through King David, setting a standard against which all subsequent kings were measured. The most striking device is the **idiom** "declined neither to the right hand, nor to the left." This phrase is a direct echo of the Deuteronomic law (e.g., [Deuteronomy 5:32](/deuteronomy/5-32 "Deuteronomy 5:32 - Do Not Turn Aside"), [Deuteronomy 17:11](/deuteronomy/17-11 "Deuteronomy 17:11 - Do Not Deviate from the Law"), [Deuteronomy 28:14](/deuteronomy/28-14 "Deuteronomy 28:14 - Blessings of Obedience")), serving as a powerful **intertextual reference** that immediately communicates Josiah's commitment to the precise and full observance of God's statutes, without adding to or subtracting from them. Furthermore, the verse employs **juxtaposition**, implicitly contrasting Josiah's righteous conduct with the wicked reigns of his immediate predecessors, Amon and Manasseh, thereby highlighting the exceptional nature of his early devotion and signaling a turning point for Judah.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Josiah's unwavering commitment to doing "that which was right in the sight of the LORD" and his refusal to "decline neither to the right hand, nor to the left" articulate a profound theological truth about the nature of true obedience and covenant faithfulness. His reign exemplifies the principle that genuine spiritual reform and national blessing stem from a leadership that prioritizes God's commands above all else, regardless of surrounding cultural or familial pressures. This verse underscores the biblical emphasis on wholehearted devotion and the dangers of syncretism or partial obedience. Josiah's adherence to the "ways of David" also highlights the enduring significance of the Davidic covenant and the ideal of a king who faithfully represents God's rule on earth, serving as a beacon of hope for a return to the Lord. His life demonstrates that even in the darkest spiritual times, a single individual committed to God can initiate widespread transformation.

* [Deuteronomy 5:32](/deuteronomy/5-32 "Deuteronomy 5:32 - Do Not Turn Aside from God's Commands")
* [Joshua 1:7](/joshua/1-7 "Joshua 1:7 - Be Strong and Obedient to the Law")
* [Psalm 119:105](/psalms/119-105 "Psalm 119:105 - God's Word as a Lamp")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
King Josiah's early and steadfast devotion, described in 2 Chronicles 34:2, serves as a powerful and enduring example for all believers today. His life demonstrates that true righteousness is found in unwavering obedience to God's will, regardless of surrounding influences or inherited circumstances. Josiah ascended the throne in an environment steeped in idolatry and spiritual compromise, yet he chose a path of uncompromising faithfulness. This challenges us to consider our own environments and whether we are truly "doing what is right in the sight of the LORD" even when it goes against the prevailing culture or personal comfort. For leaders, Josiah's reign highlights the profound impact of prioritizing God's approval above all else, showing how one person's integrity can catalyze national or communal transformation. For individuals, his example encourages unwavering trust and obedience to God's Word, not deviating from the path He has set. It reminds us that consistency in following God's ways leads to a life that is truly "right in the sight of the LORD" and can bring about significant positive change, starting with our own hearts and extending to our spheres of influence.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Josiah's early commitment challenge our own walk with God, especially when surrounded by negative influences or inherited spiritual baggage?**
* **In what specific areas of our lives might we be tempted to "decline to the right hand, or to the left" from God's clear commands or the path He has laid out for us?**
* **What practical steps can we take to ensure our actions are consistently "right in the sight of the LORD," reflecting an unwavering commitment to His will?**

### FAQ
**Why is Josiah's age at ascension significant?**

Answer: Josiah's ascension to the throne at just eight years old ([2 Chronicles 34:1](/2_chronicles/34-1 "2 Chronicles 34:1 - Josiah Becomes King")) is highly significant because it highlights the profound nature of his commitment to God from such a young age. Despite inheriting a kingdom deeply steeped in idolatry from his wicked grandfather Manasseh and father Amon, Josiah immediately chose to "do what was right in the sight of the LORD." This demonstrates that true devotion is not dependent on age or past circumstances but on a genuine heart for God, showcasing divine grace and the potential for early, profound spiritual integrity.

**What does "walked in the ways of David his father" imply?**

Answer: This phrase is a powerful theological statement. It implies that Josiah patterned his reign and personal conduct after the ideal of kingship established by King David. David, despite his personal failings, was remembered as a king who was fundamentally loyal to Yahweh and the Mosaic covenant. By walking in David's ways, Josiah committed to upholding true worship, rejecting idolatry, and administering justice according to God's law, thereby signifying a return to covenant faithfulness and righteous rule, unlike many intervening kings who had strayed far from this ideal.

**How does "declined neither to the right hand, nor to the left" relate to other biblical texts?**

Answer: This idiom is a direct echo of the instructions given in the Torah, particularly in the book of Deuteronomy. It emphasizes strict, unwavering adherence to God's commands without any deviation or compromise. For example, [Deuteronomy 5:32](/deuteronomy/5-32 "Deuteronomy 5:32 - Do Not Turn Aside") states, "Ye shall observe to do therefore as the LORD your God hath commanded you: ye shall not turn aside to the right hand or to the left." Similarly, [Joshua 1:7](/joshua/1-7 "Joshua 1:7 - Be Strong and Courageous") commands Joshua to "turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest prosper whithersoever thou goest." This phrase underscores Josiah's commitment to the precise and full observance of God's statutes, without adding to or subtracting from them, embodying the ideal of perfect obedience.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While King Josiah stands as a remarkable example of righteous kingship and unwavering obedience, his life ultimately points to the perfect fulfillment found in Jesus Christ. Josiah, in his commitment to "do that which was right in the sight of the LORD" and to "decline neither to the right hand, nor to the left," serves as a type of the ultimate King who would perfectly embody these ideals. Jesus Christ is the true Son of David who perfectly "walked in the ways of David his father," not merely by adhering to the Law but by fulfilling its every demand and intention ([Matthew 5:17](/matthew/5-17 "Matthew 5:17 - Jesus Fulfills the Law")). Unlike Josiah, who, despite his reforms, could not ultimately prevent Judah's downfall due to the people's hardened hearts, Christ's obedience was absolute and redemptive. He never "declined to the right hand, nor to the left" in His mission, even to the point of death on a cross ([Philippians 2:8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Obedience to Death")), perfectly accomplishing the will of His Father. He is the sinless High Priest who was "in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin" ([Hebrews 4:15](/hebrews/4-15 "Hebrews 4:15 - Our High Priest")), demonstrating the perfect righteousness that Josiah strived for. Thus, Josiah's reign, with its commitment to purity and obedience, foreshadows the reign of Christ, who brings about not merely temporary reform but eternal salvation and a new covenant based on His perfect righteousness and unwavering faithfulness.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Chronicles 29:2

And he did [that which was] right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.

2 Kings 22:2

And he did [that which was] right in the sight of the LORD, and walked in all the way of David his father, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left.

Deuteronomy 17:20

That his heart be not lifted up above his brethren, and that he turn not aside from the commandment, [to] the right hand, or [to] the left: to the end that he may prolong [his] days in his kingdom, he, and his children, in the midst of Israel.

Deuteronomy 17:11

According to the sentence of the law which they shall teach thee, and according to the judgment which they shall tell thee, thou shalt do: thou shalt not decline from the sentence which they shall shew thee, [to] the right hand, nor [to] the left.

2 Chronicles 14:2

And Asa did [that which was] good and right in the eyes of the LORD his God:

Proverbs 4:27

Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove thy foot from evil.

Joshua 23:6

Be ye therefore very courageous to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the law of Moses, that ye turn not aside therefrom [to] the right hand or [to] the left;