Titus 1:16

KJV

They profess that they know God; but in works they deny [him], being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate.

KJV (with Strong's)

They profess {G3670} that they know {G1492} God {G2316}; but {G1161} in works {G2041} they deny {G720} him, being {G5607} abominable {G947}, and {G2532} disobedient {G545}, and {G2532} unto {G4314} every {G3956} good {G18} work {G2041} reprobate {G96}.

Complete Jewish Bible

They claim to know God, but with their actions they deny him. They are detestable and disobedient; they have proved themselves unfit to do anything good.

Berean Standard Bible

They profess to know God, but by their actions they deny Him. They are detestable, disobedient, and unfit for any good deed.

American Standard Version

They profess that they know God; but by their works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Titus 1:16 delivers a powerful indictment against those who claim a relationship with God but whose actions contradict their profession. Paul exposes the profound hypocrisy of individuals who, despite their verbal assertions of divine knowledge, actively deny God through their immoral conduct, spiritual disobedience, and utter uselessness for any truly good work. This verse serves as a stark warning that genuine faith is not merely intellectual assent or outward declaration, but a transformative reality evidenced by a life of obedience and righteous deeds.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse concludes a significant section in Paul's letter to Titus, where the apostle outlines the qualifications for elders and describes the character of false teachers on Crete. Having established the need for blameless leaders in [Titus 1:5-9](/titus/1-5-9 "Titus 1:5-9 - Qualifications for Elders"), Paul immediately pivots to the urgent problem of "unruly men, empty talkers and deceivers" in [Titus 1:10](/titus/1-10 "Titus 1:10 - False Teachers in Crete"). He specifically targets those "of the circumcision" (Jewish legalists) who were subverting households with their false doctrines. Paul then quotes a Cretan prophet (Epimenides) in [Titus 1:12](/titus/1-12 "Titus 1:12 - Cretans are Liars") to underscore the inherent moral challenges of the island's culture. He instructs Titus to "rebuke them sharply" in [Titus 1:13](/titus/1-13 "Titus 1:13 - Rebuke them Sharply") so that they might become "sound in the faith," distinguishing them from those who "give heed to Jewish fables and commandments of men" in [Titus 1:14](/titus/1-14 "Titus 1:14 - Jewish Fables and Commandments of Men"). The preceding verse, [Titus 1:15](/titus/1-15 "Titus 1:15 - To the Pure All Things are Pure"), highlights the contrast between the pure and defiled, setting the stage for the definitive description of the defiled in verse 16. Thus, [Titus 1:16](/titus/1-16 "Titus 1:16 - They Profess but Deny") serves as a climactic summary of the spiritual and moral bankruptcy of these dangerous individuals.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Paul left Titus on the island of Crete to "set in order what was left unfinished, and appoint elders in every city" ([Titus 1:5](/titus/1-5 "Titus 1:5 - Appointing Elders in Crete")). Crete, at the time, had a notorious reputation for moral laxity, dishonesty, and greed, as famously noted by the ancient poet Epimenides, whom Paul quotes in [Titus 1:12](/titus/1-12 "Titus 1:12 - Cretans are Always Liars"). The nascent Christian communities there faced significant internal and external pressures. Internally, there were "many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers, especially they of the circumcision" ([Titus 1:10](/titus/1-10 "Titus 1:10 - Unruly and Vain Talkers")), who were likely Jewish converts attempting to impose Mosaic Law requirements on Gentile believers, thereby undermining the gospel of grace. These individuals, while claiming a religious heritage and even knowledge of God, were characterized by their divisive teachings and immoral lifestyles. Paul's instructions to Titus were crucial for establishing sound doctrine, appointing godly leadership, and confronting the prevailing cultural and theological challenges that threatened the purity and growth of the church on Crete.
* **Key Themes:** [Titus 1:16](/titus/1-16 "Titus 1:16 - They Profess but Deny") powerfully articulates several key themes prevalent throughout the letter and the New Testament. First, it highlights the theme of **Hypocrisy and Inconsistency**, exposing the stark contrast between outward religious profession and inward moral corruption. These individuals' words ("they profess that they know God") are utterly contradicted by their deeds ("in works they deny him"), revealing a fundamental lack of integrity. Second, the verse implicitly defines the **Nature of True Faith**, demonstrating that authentic knowledge of God is not merely intellectual assent but a transformative reality that produces obedience and good works. This aligns with the New Testament emphasis that faith without works is dead, as seen in [James 2:17](/james/2-17 "James 2:17 - Faith Without Works is Dead"). Third, it underscores the importance of **Spiritual Discernment**, providing a crucial criterion for evaluating individuals: not by their claims, but by their "fruits," their actions, and their character. Jesus himself taught, "You will recognize them by their fruits" in [Matthew 7:20](/matthew/7-20 "Matthew 7:20 - By Their Fruits You Will Know Them"). Finally, the description of these individuals as "abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate" introduces the theme of **Spiritual Reprobation and Moral Depravity**, signifying their utter unfitness for God's service and their offensive state in His eyes.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **profess (Greek, _homologéō'_):** This word (G3670) means "to assent, i.e., covenant, acknowledge, confess, promise." It implies an open declaration or agreement. In this context, it refers to a verbal claim or outward acknowledgment of knowing God, which suggests a public statement of faith or religious affiliation. The problem is not the profession itself, but its disconnect from reality.
* **deny (Greek, _arnéomai'_):** This term (G720) signifies "to contradict, i.e., disavow, reject, abnegate." It denotes a complete repudiation or disowning. Here, it highlights the active rejection of God through one's actions, despite a verbal profession. Their works stand in direct opposition to their words, effectively disclaiming any true relationship with God.
* **reprobate (Greek, _adókimos'_):** Derived from a negative particle and G1384 (_dókimos_, meaning "approved"), this word (G96) literally means "unapproved, i.e., rejected; by implication, worthless (literally or morally)." It was used in ancient times for metals that failed to pass the test of purity and were therefore deemed counterfeit or useless. In this verse, it describes individuals who, when tested by the standard of good works, are found to be spiritually worthless, disqualified, and unfit for any service that honors God.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"They profess that they know God;":** This initial clause sets up the central tension of the verse. It describes an outward, verbal claim of spiritual knowledge and relationship with God. These individuals publicly declare their allegiance or understanding of divine truth, perhaps even engaging in religious rituals or discussions. The verb "know" (G1492, _eídō_) here implies a cognitive awareness or intellectual apprehension of God.
* **"but in works they deny him,":** This is the crucial adversative clause, introduced by "but" (G1161, _dé_). It immediately contradicts the preceding profession. While their lips claim knowledge, their "works" (G2041, _érgon_), meaning their deeds, actions, and lifestyle, actively "deny" God. This denial is not verbal but practical, demonstrating that their supposed knowledge of God has no transforming power over their behavior. Their actions betray their words.
* **"being abominable, and disobedient,":** This phrase further elaborates on the nature of their denial and the state of their character. "Abominable" (G947, _bdelyktós_) signifies something detestable, loathsome, or morally offensive in God's sight, often associated with idolatry or gross sin. "Disobedient" (G545, _apeithḗs_) describes their contumacious refusal to be persuaded or to obey God's commands, indicating a rebellious and stubborn heart. These two terms describe their moral and spiritual corruption.
* **"and unto every good work reprobate.":** This final clause provides a comprehensive assessment of their spiritual condition. The phrase "unto every good work" (G3956, _pâs_ G18, _agathós_ G2041, _érgon_) emphasizes their complete inability or unwillingness to engage in any action that is truly beneficial, righteous, or pleasing to God. They are "reprobate" (G96, _adókimos_), meaning they are disqualified, rejected, or found worthless after being tested. Despite their claims, they are utterly useless for God's purposes in advancing His kingdom through genuine, godly deeds.

#### Literary Devices
Paul masterfully employs several literary devices in [Titus 1:16](/titus/1-16 "Titus 1:16 - They Profess but Deny") to deliver his sharp critique. The most prominent is **Antithesis**, creating a stark contrast between "They profess that they know God" and "but in works they deny him." This direct opposition highlights the profound hypocrisy of the false teachers, emphasizing the disconnect between their words and their deeds. There is also a strong element of **Irony**, as those who claim divine knowledge are revealed to be utterly ignorant of God's true nature, which demands obedience and righteousness. Furthermore, the verse uses a form of **Climax** or **Gradation** in describing their character: they are not just denying God, but are "abominable," then "disobedient," and finally, "unto every good work reprobate." This progression intensifies the indictment, moving from outward action to inner moral state, culminating in their complete spiritual uselessness. The term "reprobate" itself functions as a powerful **Metaphor**, drawing on the imagery of something (like metal) that fails a test of authenticity and is therefore rejected as worthless, effectively labeling these individuals as spiritual counterfeits.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Titus 1:16 stands as a profound theological statement on the nature of genuine faith and the integrity required of those who claim to know God. It asserts that true knowledge of God is not merely intellectual or verbal, but is intrinsically linked to a transformed life evidenced by obedience and righteous conduct. The verse exposes the dangerous deception of religious hypocrisy, where outward profession masks an inward rebellion against divine will. It underscores the biblical principle that God judges not only intentions but also actions, and that a life devoid of "good works" (which are the natural fruit of genuine faith) reveals a fundamental denial of God's authority and character. This passage serves as a timeless reminder that authentic Christianity is holistic, integrating belief with behavior, and that a claim to faith without corresponding deeds is ultimately worthless in God's eyes.

* [Matthew 7:21](/matthew/7-21 "Matthew 7:21 - Not Everyone Who Says Lord, Lord")
* [James 2:20](/james/2-20 "James 2:20 - Faith Without Works Is Dead")
* [1 John 2:4](/1_john/2-4 "1 John 2:4 - He Who Says, 'I Know Him,' and Does Not Keep His Commandments")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Titus 1:16 calls every believer to a profound self-examination, challenging us to ensure that our profession of faith is authentically reflected in our daily lives. It serves as a vital safeguard against spiritual complacency and the deceptive allure of a merely intellectual or verbal Christianity. This verse compels us to ask whether our actions align with our declarations, whether our knowledge of God translates into a tangible commitment to His will, and whether we are truly fruitful in "every good work." It reminds us that spiritual authenticity is paramount and that true discipleship involves a consistent, integrated walk where belief and behavior are in harmonious agreement. For leaders, it is a sober warning against appointing or following those whose lives betray their claims, emphasizing the critical importance of character and conduct over mere charisma or theological rhetoric. Ultimately, this passage urges us to strive for genuine transformation, allowing the Spirit of God to produce in us the good works that glorify Him and validate our profession.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life might my actions contradict my verbal profession of faith in God?**
* **How does my understanding of "good works" align with the biblical definition, and am I actively engaged in them?**
* **What steps can I take to ensure greater consistency between what I say I believe and how I live?**
* **How can I better discern the authenticity of others' faith based on their "works" as described in this verse?**

### FAQ
**What does it mean to "profess that they know God" but "deny Him in works"?**

Answer: This phrase describes a profound hypocrisy where an individual verbally claims to have knowledge of or a relationship with God, but their actions, lifestyle, and choices actively contradict and repudiate that claim. It's a disconnect between what is said and what is done. For example, someone might attend church, speak religious language, and claim to be a Christian, but then engage in dishonest business practices, harbor bitterness, or live in open disobedience to God's commands. Their "works" (deeds) effectively "deny" (reject, disown) the God they claim to "know" (G1492, _eídō_), demonstrating that their knowledge is superficial and not transformative. This concept is echoed in [Matthew 7:21](/matthew/7-21 "Matthew 7:21 - Not Everyone Who Says Lord, Lord"), where Jesus states that not everyone who says "Lord, Lord" will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only those who do the will of His Father.

**What does "reprobate" mean in this context, and is it a permanent state?**

Answer: The Greek word translated "reprobate" is _adókimos_ (G96), which literally means "not approved," "rejected after testing," or "disqualified." It was used for things that failed a test of purity, like counterfeit coins or metal that couldn't be refined. In [Titus 1:16](/titus/1-16 "Titus 1:16 - They Profess but Deny"), it signifies that these individuals, despite their religious claims, are found wanting when their lives are examined by God's standard. They are morally worthless and unfit ("unto every good work reprobate") for any service that truly honors God. While the term describes their present state of being rejected or disqualified, the New Testament often presents a call to repentance. For those who are genuinely hardened and continually resist God's truth, it can describe a state of spiritual uselessness, but the Bible consistently offers hope for transformation to those who turn from their sin, as seen in passages like [2 Timothy 2:21](/2_timothy/2-21 "2 Timothy 2:21 - Vessel for Honorable Use").

**How can believers discern between true and false teachers based on this verse?**

Answer: [Titus 1:16](/titus/1-16 "Titus 1:16 - They Profess but Deny") provides a crucial criterion for discernment: true teachers and believers are known not merely by their words or claims, but by their "works" – their actions, character, and consistency of life. False teachers, as described here, will have a glaring inconsistency between their profession and their practice. They might speak eloquently about God but demonstrate behaviors that are "abominable" (detestable), "disobedient" (rebellious), and unproductive in "every good work." Therefore, believers should carefully observe the fruit of a person's life, as Jesus taught in [Matthew 7:15-20](/matthew/7-15-20 "Matthew 7:15-20 - You Will Know Them by Their Fruits"). If someone's life is marked by hypocrisy, moral compromise, or a lack of genuine love and obedience, their claims to know God should be questioned, regardless of their theological declarations.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Titus 1:16, with its sharp indictment of hypocrisy, finds its ultimate fulfillment and resolution in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The false teachers' denial of God "in works" stands in stark contrast to Christ, who perfectly embodied the knowledge of God through His every deed. Jesus did not merely profess to know the Father; His entire life was a seamless demonstration of perfect obedience and "every good work," culminating in His ultimate act of love and submission on the cross, as described in [Philippians 2:8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Obedient to Death"). He is the one who "did no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth" ([1 Peter 2:22](/1_peter/2-22 "1 Peter 2:22 - Christ's Sinless Example")), perfectly fulfilling the will of God. For those who are "reprobate" and "unto every good work reprobate," Christ offers redemption and transformation. Through faith in Him, believers are not only forgiven but are also "created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them" ([Ephesians 2:10](/ephesians/2-10 "Ephesians 2:10 - Created for Good Works")). The Holy Spirit, given through Christ, empowers believers to live lives that genuinely reflect their profession, enabling them to "work out their own salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you, both to will and to work for his good pleasure" ([Philippians 2:12-13](/philippians/2-12-13 "Philippians 2:12-13 - God Works in You")). Thus, Christ is both the perfect example of true knowledge of God expressed in works and the divine power by which believers are transformed from being "reprobate" to being vessels "for honorable use, set apart as holy, useful to the master, prepared for every good work" ([2 Timothy 2:21](/2_timothy/2-21 "2 Timothy 2:21 - Vessel for Honorable Use")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 John 2:4

He that saith, I know him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him.

Isaiah 29:13

Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near [me] with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men:

Ephesians 5:6

Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience.

Ezekiel 33:31

And they come unto thee as the people cometh, and they sit before thee [as] my people, and they hear thy words, but they will not do them: for with their mouth they shew much love, [but] their heart goeth after their covetousness.

2 Timothy 3:5

Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof: from such turn away.

2 Timothy 3:8

Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith.

Jude 1:4

For there are certain men crept in unawares, who were before of old ordained to this condemnation, ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into lasciviousness, and denying the only Lord God, and our Lord Jesus Christ.