Song Of Solomon 6:10

KJV

Who [is] she [that] looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, [and] terrible as [an army] with banners?

KJV (with Strong's)

Who is she that looketh forth {H8259} as the morning {H7837}, fair {H3303} as the moon {H3842}, clear {H1249} as the sun {H2535}, and terrible {H366} as an army with banners {H1713}?

Complete Jewish Bible

The daughters see her and call her happy; the queens and concubines praise her. "Who is this, shining forth like the dawn, fair as the moon, bright as the sun"-but formidable as an army marching under banners?

Berean Standard Bible

Who is this who shines like the dawn, as fair as the moon, as bright as the sun, as majestic as the stars in procession?

American Standard Version

Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, Fair as the moon, Clear as the sun, Terrible as an army with banners?

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Song of Solomon 6:10 presents a breathtaking encomium to the Shulamite woman, likely from the perspective of the "daughters of Jerusalem" or the king's companions, who are captivated by her unparalleled beauty and formidable presence. This verse employs a series of vivid natural metaphors—morning, moon, and sun—to describe her increasing radiance and clarity, culminating in a striking image of her awe-inspiring and majestic power, likened to an army with banners. It encapsulates a moment of profound admiration, recognizing her unique blend of grace, purity, and compelling strength.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse appears at a pivotal point in the Song of Solomon, following a section where the Shulamite has passionately reaffirmed her devotion to her beloved in [Song of Solomon 6:3](/song_of_solomon/6-3 "Song of Solomon 6:3 - The Shulamite's Declaration of Love"). Her declaration, "I am my beloved's, and my beloved is mine: he feedeth among the lilies," serves as a powerful testament to her unwavering commitment and the secure nature of their love. In response to this profound expression of mutual belonging, the narrative perspective shifts outward, with observers—likely the "daughters of Jerusalem" or the king's companions mentioned elsewhere—marveling at her. This external praise highlights that her inner devotion and beauty have become so profound that they manifest as an undeniable, radiant presence, drawing the admiration of all who behold her. The verse thus acts as an external validation and celebration of the love described within the relationship.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The Song of Solomon is set in an ancient Near Eastern context, where poetic expressions of love and beauty were common. The imagery used in this verse—morning, moon, sun, and an army with banners—would have resonated deeply with an audience familiar with agricultural cycles, celestial observations, and the visual power of military processions. The "morning" (dawn) signifies new beginnings, freshness, and the dispelling of darkness. The "moon" represents gentle, ethereal beauty, often associated with night and romance. The "sun" denotes brilliant, overwhelming light, warmth, and life-giving power. An "army with banners" (or standards) would have been a common sight, symbolizing strength, order, majesty, and an undeniable, imposing presence. Banners served not only as rallying points but also as powerful visual declarations of identity and authority, inspiring both awe and fear. This combination of natural and military imagery elevates the Shulamite's beauty beyond mere physical attractiveness to a realm of profound, almost regal, influence.
* **Key Themes:** Song of Solomon 6:10 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Radiant Beauty**, portraying the Shulamite's loveliness as not merely physical but possessing an increasing luminosity, from the soft glow of dawn to the brilliant clarity of the sun. This progression suggests a beauty that is dynamic, growing, and all-encompassing, echoing earlier praises of her loveliness (e.g., [Song of Solomon 4:7](/song_of_solomon/4-7 "Song of Solomon 4:7 - The Beloved's Praise")). Secondly, the verse introduces the theme of **Awe-Inspiring Presence**, as the seemingly contrasting image of "terrible as an army with banners" conveys a sense of formidable dignity and strength, rather than fear. This suggests a woman who commands respect and wonder, possessing a majestic authority that transcends conventional prettiness. Finally, the opening rhetorical question, "Who is she?", emphasizes her **Uniqueness and Distinction**, highlighting that she stands apart from all others, embodying a rare combination of grace, purity, and powerful character. This distinctiveness is a recurring motif, affirming the special nature of the beloved.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Looketh forth (Hebrew, _shâqaph'_):** H8259, a primitive root; properly, to lean out (of a window), i.e. (by implication) peep or gaze (passively, be a spectacle); appear, look (down, forth, out). This word suggests an active emergence, a deliberate or natural appearance that draws attention. It implies a visible manifestation, as if she is stepping into view or becoming clearly apparent, radiating her presence outward.
* **Fair (Hebrew, _yâpheh'_):** H3303, from יָפָה; beautiful (literally or figuratively); [phrase] beautiful, beauty, comely, fair(-est, one), [phrase] goodly, pleasant, well. This term denotes a comprehensive beauty, encompassing not just physical attractiveness but also a pleasing and goodly quality. It speaks to an aesthetic appeal that is both striking and agreeable.
* **Clear (Hebrew, _bar'_):** H1249, from בָּרַר (in its various senses); beloved; also pure, empty; choice, clean, clear, pure. This word emphasizes purity, clarity, and brilliance. When applied to the sun, it suggests an unblemished, intense light, free from obstruction or impurity, indicating a radiant and unadulterated splendor.
* **Terrible (Hebrew, _ʼâyôm'_):** H366, from an unused root (meaning to frighten); frightful; terrible. While the root suggests fright, in context, this word conveys a sense of awe-inspiring, formidable, or majestic power that commands respect and wonder, rather than mere fear. It describes something that evokes a profound emotional response due to its grandeur and might, as seen in descriptions of God's majesty (e.g., [Psalm 68:35](/psalms/68-35 "Psalm 68:35 - God's Majesty")).
* **Banners (Hebrew, _dâgal'_):** H1713, a primitive root; to flaunt, i.e. raise a flag; figuratively, to be conspicuous; (set up, with) banners, chiefest. This word refers to the raising of a standard or flag, making something conspicuous. It evokes the image of an organized, powerful military force, marching with its ensigns proudly displayed, signifying unity, strength, and an imposing, undeniable presence.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Who is she that looketh forth as the morning":** This rhetorical question immediately draws attention to the Shulamite, highlighting her unique and striking appearance. The comparison to "morning" (dawn) evokes images of freshness, newness, and the gentle, hopeful light that dispels darkness. It suggests a beauty that is emerging, vibrant, and full of promise, captivating observers from the moment she appears.
* **"fair as the moon":** This simile continues the celestial imagery, likening her beauty to the moon. The moon, often associated with gentle glow, ethereal beauty, and romantic mystery, suggests a soft, serene, and captivating loveliness. It implies a beauty that is not harsh but enchanting, possessing a tranquil and alluring quality.
* **"clear as the sun":** The progression from morning to moon to sun indicates an increasing intensity and brilliance. "Clear as the sun" portrays her beauty as utterly radiant, pure, and unblemished, possessing an overwhelming luminosity that is unmistakable and powerful, illuminating all around her. This suggests a beauty that is not only visible but also penetrates and clarifies.
* **"and terrible as an army with banners?":** This final comparison introduces a powerful and seemingly contrasting element. "Terrible" (Hebrew: *'ayom*) here means awe-inspiring or formidable, rather than frightful. The image of "an army with banners" signifies an organized, disciplined, and powerful force. It speaks to her majestic presence, her undeniable dignity, and the profound respect and admiration she commands. Her beauty is not merely passive; it possesses an active, compelling strength that is both impressive and imposing, like a victorious army marching with its standards held high.

#### Literary Devices
Song of Solomon 6:10 is rich in **Simile**, using direct comparisons with "as" to describe the Shulamite's attributes: "as the morning," "as the moon," "as the sun," and "as an army with banners." This series of similes creates a powerful cumulative effect, building from gentle radiance to overwhelming brilliance and finally to formidable majesty. The verse also employs **Rhetorical Question** ("Who is she?") to immediately engage the audience and emphasize the Shulamite's unparalleled uniqueness and the profound wonder she inspires. The progression of celestial imagery from "morning" to "moon" to "sun" demonstrates **Climax** or **Ascending Scale**, indicating an increasing intensity of her beauty and presence. Finally, the juxtaposition of soft, celestial beauty with the powerful, military image of "terrible as an army with banners" is a striking example of **Paradox** or **Juxtaposition**, highlighting the multifaceted nature of her beauty, which encompasses both grace and formidable strength, inspiring both tender admiration and profound awe.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse, while celebrating human beauty and love, also carries profound theological implications, particularly when understood through the allegorical lens often applied to the Song of Solomon. It speaks to the multifaceted nature of spiritual beauty and the Church's identity. The progression from morning to moon to sun can be seen as reflecting the increasing revelation of God's glory and the Church's growing radiance as it reflects Christ's light. The "terrible as an army with banners" imagery, far from being negative, points to the Church's spiritual authority, its unified strength in Christ, and its awe-inspiring presence against the forces of darkness. This spiritual beauty is not merely aesthetic but dynamic, active, and powerful, representing the Church's purity, clarity of witness, and formidable stand for truth in the world. It is a beauty that commands respect and inspires awe, not through worldly power, but through divine empowerment and unwavering faithfulness.

* [Ephesians 5:27](/ephesians/5-27 "Christ and the Church")
* [2 Corinthians 3:18](/2_corinthians/3-18 "Reflecting God's Glory")
* [Revelation 12:1](/revelation/12-1 "The Woman Clothed with the Sun")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Song of Solomon 6:10 invites us to consider the profound and multifaceted nature of true beauty, extending far beyond superficial appearance. It challenges us to recognize and cultivate an inner radiance that emanates from purity, strength, and devotion. For individuals, this verse encourages a pursuit of character that is both gentle and strong, clear in conviction, and awe-inspiring in its integrity. It reminds us that our true impact comes not just from what is seen, but from the spiritual depth and unwavering commitment we embody. For communities, especially the Church, it serves as a powerful reminder of our calling to be a radiant, pure, and formidable presence in the world—not through worldly might, but through the compelling light of Christ and the unified witness of His people, marching forward with the banners of truth and love. This beauty is active, transformative, and commands respect, drawing others to the source of its splendor.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what ways does my life "look forth as the morning," radiating freshness and newness?**
* **How can I cultivate a "fair as the moon" quality of gentle, reflective beauty and peace in my interactions?**
* **What does it mean for my faith and character to be "clear as the sun," transparent and unblemished?**
* **How can I embody a spiritual presence that is "terrible as an army with banners," inspiring awe and respect for the truth I represent, rather than fear?**
* **How does this verse challenge my understanding of beauty, moving beyond the superficial to embrace inner strength and spiritual impact?**

### FAQ
**What does "terrible as an army with banners" truly mean in this context?**

Answer: The phrase "terrible as an army with banners" does not imply a negative or frightening terror in the modern sense. Instead, the Hebrew word for "terrible" (*'ayom*) conveys a sense of awe-inspiring, formidable, or majestic power. It describes something that evokes profound respect, wonder, and even a sense of dread in its grandeur and might, rather than simple fear. When applied to the Shulamite, it highlights her commanding presence, dignity, and the profound impact she has on those who behold her. Like a well-ordered army advancing with its standards (banners) proudly displayed, she possesses an undeniable strength, unity, and an imposing, majestic authority that inspires reverence. This is similar to how God's majesty is described as "terrible" in passages like [Psalm 68:35](/psalms/68-35 "Psalm 68:35 - God's Majesty").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Song of Solomon 6:10, when interpreted allegorically as a picture of Christ and His Church, finds its ultimate fulfillment in the radiant and powerful nature of the Body of Christ. The Church, as the Bride of Christ, is described as "looking forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun," because her true beauty is a reflection of Christ's own glory. Just as the moon reflects the sun's light, the Church reflects the light of her Lord, being transformed "from glory to glory" by the Spirit of the Lord ([2 Corinthians 3:18](/2_corinthians/3-18 "Reflecting God's Glory")). This purity and clarity are a result of Christ's redemptive work, who cleanses His Church "that he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish" ([Ephesians 5:27](/ephesians/5-27 "Christ and the Church")). Furthermore, the description "terrible as an army with banners" speaks to the spiritual authority and formidable presence of the Church, empowered by Christ. It is not a worldly power, but a spiritual might that stands against the gates of hell ([Matthew 16:18](/matthew/16-18 "The Church Built on the Rock")), marching forth with the banners of truth, love, and the Gospel. This awe-inspiring quality is rooted in Christ's victory over sin and death ([Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Christ's Triumph Over Principalities and Powers")), making the Church a formidable force, not to be feared by the righteous, but by the spiritual adversaries who oppose the Kingdom of God.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Song Of Solomon 6:4

¶ Thou [art] beautiful, O my love, as Tirzah, comely as Jerusalem, terrible as [an army] with banners.

Revelation 12:1

¶ And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars:

Job 31:26

If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking [in] brightness;

Song Of Solomon 3:6

¶ Who [is] this that cometh out of the wilderness like pillars of smoke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense, with all powders of the merchant?

Ephesians 5:27

That he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish.

Revelation 22:5

And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever.

Revelation 10:1

¶ And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow [was] upon his head, and his face [was] as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire: