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Historical interpretation
Five Centuries of Reception
12 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
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But turn yourself quickly toward the life-giving Spirit and, while avoiding physical terms, look keenly at what is the “left hand” of the Word of God and what is the “right hand” and also what is the “head” of his bride, namely of the perfect soul or of the church, and let not the carnal and changeable sense of the word take hold of you.For this here is the “right hand” and “left hand” of the groom, that is said concerning Wisdom in Proverbs, where she says, “Long life is in her right hand, but in her left hand are riches and glory.”
These two hands are the two covenants of the old law and the gospel. When it refers to his left hand, it indicates the old covenant, but the right hand is the preaching of the gospel. The old covenant is inferior because it is placed beneath the head of the church, who is Christ, whereas the right hand embraced the church, meaning that old sins were covered by the sacraments of the gospel. Whoever goes forth in faith, therefore, and serves Christ with devotion, leaves the old person beneath himself and embraces anew the body of Christ, which is the church.
The hands are here a figure of wedlock.
As for the right hand of the Father, it isn’t meant in the manner of the structure of the human body, as though he is on the Son’s left, if the Son in terms of bodily positions and relationships is placed on his right. But the right hand of God means the inexpressible peak of honor and good fortune, as we read it said about wisdom: “His left hand under my head, and his right hand embraces me.” If earthly convenience has been lying underneath, then eternal felicity is embracing from above.
Solomon also speaks of the right hand and the left hand in the Song of Songs in the person of the bride: “His left hand is under my head, and his right hand will embrace me.” Although she indicates that both are beneficial, yet she puts the former under her head because adversities should be subject to the guidance of the heart. They are beneficial only to the extent that they discipline us for a time, instruct us for salvation and make us perfectly patient. But for being fondled and forever protected she desires the bridegroom’s right hand to cling to her and to hold her fast in a saving embrace. - "Conference 6.10.9"
Solomon speaks in the person of the bride of this right and left hand in the Song of Songs: “His left hand is under my head, and his right hand shall embrace me.” And while this passage shows that both are useful, yet it puts the left hand under the head, because misfortunes ought to be subject to the control of the heart. Misfortunes are only useful for this—namely, to train us for a time and discipline us for our salvation and make us perfect in the matter of patience. But the right hand she hopes will always cling to her to cherish her and hold her fast in the blessed embrace of the Bridegroom, uniting her to him indissolubly.
The law is said to be in his left hand, the gospel in his right. Or, the left hand is to be understood as the present life and the right hand as the future life, which will indeed embrace me after it is said to those on the right: “Come, blessed of my Father.” We also read elsewhere: “A long life is in wisdom’s right hand and riches and glory in its left hand.” Thus, his right hand is the knowledge of divine realities, from which comes eternal life, but his left hand is the knowledge of human realities, from which come riches and glory. He is saying, therefore, My mind exceeds human realities and divine knowledge covers me. For, it is said again: “Honor her that she will embrace you.” … Rightly, then, is it said that the right hand embraces and the left hand offers support to the head, for the goods of the present life, however much they are thought to be visible, must be subject to the head of the perfect soul and used only out of necessity, as though they were a pillow for the head. But the goods of the future age, because they exceed human nature, being divine, signify the supernatural through this embrace. Perhaps also, since the hands are symbols of acts, the left hand indicates corporeal deeds, whereas the right hand signifies spiritual work. Because the right hand is more powerful, then, it embraces corporeal necessities.
“His left hand under my head, and his right hand will embrace me.” Let us be careful once more, however, not to get involved in corporeal ideas on hearing “left hand” and “right hand.” Solomon, in fact, speaks of wisdom, which is a habit and not substance: “Length of life and years of existence are in her right hand, and in her left wealth and glory.” Likewise regarding the “embrace” you can find in the Proverbs the saying, “Love her, and she will keep you safe; ring her about with a rampart, and she will exalt you; honor her, and she will embrace you.” Let us take occasion from this, then, to understand the references spiritually, believing the so-called embrace to be a communion between the divine Word and the pious soul, and the “right and left hands” should be understood in the way taken by us. So as not to leave its deeper meaning undiscerned, however, let us interpret it this way: God is in the habit of bestowing both beneficence and punishment, distributing both to those who deserve them. Let us accordingly understand beneficent grace in the case of the right hand, and punishment in the case of the left, and thus listen to the bride saying, “His left hand under my head,” that is, “I am beyond punishments, I am not subject to them, on account of my closeness to the bridegroom and my attention to his service”; and “His right hand will embrace me,” that is, “He will regale me with his beneficence and fill me with it as though enfolding and embracing me, and satisfying my desire.”
He who has joined you to his company will not sadden you. With his left hand, in which is honor and glory, under your head, with his right arm, in which is length of life, he will embrace you.
But we must note what it means that the angel is seen sitting on the right side. For what is designated by the left except the present life, and what by the right except eternal life? Hence it is written in the Song of Songs: "His left hand is under my head, and his right hand shall embrace me." Since therefore our Redeemer had already passed beyond the corruption of the present life, rightly the angel who had come to announce his eternal life was sitting on the right.
Surely the left hand of the bridegroom is placed under the head of the bride because the Lord raises up the minds of the faithful with temporal benefits, separating them from earthly pleasures and longings so that they may desire and hope for eternal blessings. And he shall embrace her with his right hand because by revealing the vision of his majesty he glorifies her without end.
His left hand under my head, etc. In the left hand of Christ, temporal gifts are signified, and in the right hand, the happiness of eternal life. Therefore it is written elsewhere of him, who is the power and wisdom of God, "Length of days is in his right hand, and in his left hand riches and glory." Therefore the holy Church shows, the soul perfectly intent on the love of its Redeemer shows, what kind of rest it might find in this life which it so eagerly seeks, how it desires to lie in that flowery bed of virtues with its beloved in this exile of pilgrimage. He says, "His left hand under my head, and his right hand shall embrace me." But he calls his head, the principal part of the mind; and the beloved places his left hand under the head of his bride when the Lord confirms the hearts of the faithful still dwelling in this life with the knowledge of his understanding, lifts them up with participation in his sacraments, grants them the pledge of his Spirit, and suggests the comforts of the holy Scriptures. And his right hand shall embrace her when he also promises her the everlasting kingdom of heavenly life after this life. And it is well said that the left hand supports the head, and the right hand embraces her, because we receive temporal gifts as an aid for this pilgrimage, but we shall see heavenly rewards without end. Rightly then does the bride, who earlier languished in love and sought to be supported by flowers and surrounded by apples, now attest to having the hand of her beloved under her head. For even if the lover of the Creator delights in the flowers of virtues, in the progress of neighbors with whom he reaches the vision of His face, and in the remembrance of the examples of ancient saints, whereby he is stirred to love God or his neighbor more ardently, yet there is a singular hope for those who truly desire to rest, which is to be supported by the hand of their Author. And indeed, at first the left hand, so that through this, they may be deemed worthy to reach the embrace of the right hand; for the right hand will not embrace anyone unless the left hand first accepts them to be cherished, that is, no one will sublimely see His glory in the future who has not faithfully inclined to receive the mysteries of His humility in the present. Did not Paul, who showed himself to be the most faithful minister of this bride, saying, “For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy; for I espoused you to one husband, that I might present you as a pure virgin to Christ” (2 Cor. 11), take care to place the left hand of the bridegroom under her head to lead to the embrace of the right hand? For he said, “I determined not to know anything among you, save Jesus Christ and Him crucified” (1 Cor. 2). Again, he urges her to strive for the embrace of the right hand, saying, “Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth, where Christ is seated on the right hand of God” (Col. 3), and “When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall you also appear with Him in glory” (ibid.). Therefore, he says, “His left hand is under my head, and His right hand doth embrace me.” As if to say openly: may the temporal blessings of my Lord and Savior, which help me to rest a little from the lusts or disturbances of the world, assist me; but the promise of eternal things, in which I am perpetually rewarded, delights me more. How truly pleasing to the Lord is the rest of such a bride, that is, the Church or any chosen soul, is shown in her subsequent response, when it is said:
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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Summary
Song of Solomon 2:6 beautifully articulates a scene of profound intimacy, secure comfort, and tender embrace between the beloved Shulamite woman and her lover. This verse, situated within a broader poetic celebration of human affection, vividly portrays a deep emotional and physical connection, creating an image of complete rest and cherished protection within a loving relationship. It encapsulates the essence of mutual delight, secure belonging, and the tranquil peace found in a devoted bond.
Context
Literary Context
Song of Solomon 2:6 is spoken by the Shulamite woman, describing her experience of being held by her beloved. It immediately follows her expressions of longing for him and her profound delight in his presence, as well as his effusive praise of her beauty and unique charm, particularly in Song of Solomon 2:1-5. The preceding verses establish a vibrant pastoral setting, rich with imagery of vineyards, blossoming nature, and the voice of the turtledove, which serves as a lush backdrop for their unfolding romance and the anticipation of their union. This verse specifically marks a moment of achieved physical closeness and deep contentment, a direct response to the lover's arrival and the blossoming of their relationship, reinforcing the overarching theme of mutual affection and exclusive devotion that permeates the entire Song of Solomon. The verse sets the stage for further expressions of their bond, including the beloved's charge to the daughters of Jerusalem in Song of Solomon 2:7.
Historical & Cultural Context
The Song of Solomon reflects ancient Near Eastern poetic traditions, which frequently employed rich agricultural, natural, and royal imagery to describe love, beauty, and desire. While the specific historical setting of the Song remains a subject of scholarly debate, the cultural context strongly suggests a society where courtship, betrothal, and marriage were profoundly significant, and expressions of love, though often highly metaphorical, were deeply valued and celebrated within the bounds of a committed relationship. The imagery of embrace and head-resting implies a posture of intimate trust, vulnerability, and security, a universal human gesture for conveying deep affection, care, and protection, particularly within marital or betrothal contexts. This emphasis on physical touch within a committed relationship aligns with the biblical affirmation of marriage as a sacred bond and a covenantal union, as foundational as the "one flesh" union described in Genesis 2:24.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within the Song of Solomon. Foremost is the theme of Intimacy and Affection, depicting a profound level of physical and emotional closeness that is both tender and deeply secure, highlighting the beauty of unreserved devotion. The embrace symbolizes Security and Protection, where the beloved finds a safe haven and a place of tranquil rest, free from the anxieties and demands of the outside world. It also underscores Mutual Delight and Reciprocity, even though spoken by the woman, it inherently implies a relationship where both partners find profound joy, fulfillment, and exclusive satisfaction in each other's presence. This secure and exclusive love is a central motif, reflecting the powerful and unyielding nature of love described elsewhere in the Song, particularly in the declaration that "love is as strong as death" in Song of Solomon 8:6-7. The verse thus encapsulates the sanctity and profound joy of human love within its proper, divinely ordained boundaries.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
From a primitive word (H8040) meaning "dark (as enveloped)," which by orientation came to signify the north, and subsequently, the left hand. In this context, it refers to the physical left hand of the beloved, providing support and comfort. Its position "under my head" indicates a posture of rest, vulnerability, and tender care, suggesting a gentle, foundational support.
From an unused root (H7218) apparently meaning "to shake," referring to the physical head (as most easily shaken). Here, it specifically signifies the woman's head, which is being cradled. This emphasizes her vulnerability and the beloved's gentle, attentive support, providing a place of secure repose and allowing her to fully relax.
From the root yâman (H3225), meaning "the right hand or side," often culturally associated with strength, dexterity, and prominence. In this verse, the right hand is depicted in an active, encompassing role, "embracing" the beloved. This signifies a strong, protective, and all-encompassing gesture of affection and security, drawing her fully into his presence.
A primitive root (H2263) meaning "to clasp (the hands or in embrace); embrace, fold." This word conveys a warm, strong, and intimate hug, emphasizing not just physical contact but a deep sense of protective closeness, affection, and belonging. It suggests a full, encompassing, and reassuring hold, signifying complete acceptance and security.
Verse Breakdown
"His left hand [is] under my head"
This clause describes a posture of profound tenderness, gentle support, and intimate vulnerability. The beloved's left hand cradling her head suggests a position of deep rest and comfort, allowing her to lean fully into his presence and find repose. This is not merely a casual touch but an intentional act of care, providing a soft, secure foundation for her most vulnerable part, conveying a sense of being cherished and protected. It speaks to the gentle, foundational aspect of his care.
"and his right hand doth embrace me"
Following the gentle support of the left hand, the right hand performs a more active, powerful, and encompassing gesture. The "right hand" often symbolizes strength, authority, and decisive action in biblical literature, and here it is used to "embrace" (châbaq) the beloved. This signifies a strong, protective, and all-encompassing hug that draws her fully into his presence. This embrace conveys security, warmth, complete acceptance, and an unbreakable bond, providing a profound sense of belonging and safety within his powerful love.
Literary Devices
Song of Solomon 2:6 is remarkably rich in Imagery, painting a vivid and tactile picture of physical intimacy and emotional security. The precise description of the "left hand under my head" and the "right hand doth embrace me" creates a tangible scene that appeals directly to the reader's senses, evoking feelings of profound comfort, warmth, and protection. This specific physical posture functions as a powerful Metaphor for the deep emotional and spiritual state of the beloved—she is not just physically held, but emotionally and spiritually secure, cherished, and completely at rest within the relationship. The beloved's hands, though literal, take on significant Symbolism beyond mere physical contact; the left hand symbolizes tender support, gentle care, and a place of peaceful rest, while the right hand, traditionally associated with strength, power, and authority, symbolizes protective, encompassing, and unwavering love. The combined action of the hands creates a holistic image of complete care, cherished belonging, and profound relational harmony.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This verse, while literally describing the beauty of human love and intimacy, resonates with profound theological truths about God's relationship with His people. Just as the beloved finds ultimate comfort, security, and rest in her lover's embrace, so too does the believer find ultimate repose and protection in the steadfast love and omnipresent presence of God. It speaks to the divine assurance that God cradles us in our vulnerability and embraces us with His powerful, unwavering love, offering a sanctuary of peace amidst life's challenges. This intimate posture reflects God's tender care, His gentle provision, and His profound desire for a close, personal relationship with humanity, providing a sense of belonging and security that transcends all earthly experiences and anxieties.
Reflection and Application
Song of Solomon 2:6 offers a beautiful and tender blueprint for the kind of intimacy, security, and comfort that should characterize healthy human relationships, particularly within the sacred covenant of marriage. It serves as a powerful reminder of the profound value of physical presence, tender touch, and emotional availability in fostering deep, lasting bonds. Beyond the literal, this verse invites us to reflect on the nature of our relationship with God. Do we truly allow ourselves to be fully embraced by His boundless love, finding true rest and security in His sovereign presence? In a world that often demands relentless self-reliance and fosters anxiety, this verse calls us to surrender our burdens and find solace in the divine embrace. It encourages us to cultivate a posture of trust and dependence, knowing that God's hands—His gentle support and powerful embrace—are always available to us, providing comfort, peace, and an unshakeable sense of belonging in every circumstance of life.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Is Song of Solomon 2:6 only about physical intimacy?
While Song of Solomon 2:6 certainly describes a scene of profound physical intimacy, its meaning extends far beyond mere physical contact. The embrace and the resting of the head symbolize deep emotional security, unwavering trust, profound comfort, and a complete sense of belonging within a loving relationship. In the broader context of the Song of Solomon, which holistically celebrates the multifaceted nature of love, physical intimacy is presented as a beautiful and sacred expression of a much deeper, all-encompassing bond that includes emotional, spiritual, and relational dimensions. Many theological interpretations also see it as a powerful allegory for the intimate relationship between God and His people, or Christ and the Church, where the physical posture symbolizes profound spiritual truths about divine care, protection, and security, as seen in the call to "abide in My love" in John 15:9.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Song of Solomon 2:6 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. The intimate embrace described in the verse beautifully foreshadows the secure, tender, and unbreakable relationship Christ offers to His Church, His beloved bride. Just as the Shulamite finds perfect rest and security in her lover's arms, believers find ultimate rest for their weary souls in the finished work of Christ on the cross. He is the one who graciously invites all who are weary and burdened to come to Him, promising true rest for their souls (Matthew 11:28). His "left hand under my head" speaks profoundly of His gentle, compassionate care, cradling us in our weakness, vulnerability, and brokenness, providing a safe and tender haven amidst life's storms. His "right hand doth embrace me" signifies His powerful, sovereign protection, His unwavering faithfulness, and His all-encompassing love, drawing us into an unbreakable covenant of grace. Christ's embrace is not merely comforting; it is redemptive, sanctifying, and eternally secure, as He "loved the church and gave himself up for her" (Ephesians 5:25). In Him, we are held securely, eternally cherished, and perfectly loved, experiencing a divine intimacy that surpasses all human understanding and from which "nothing will be able to separate us" (Romans 8:38-39).