Psalms 46:3

KJV

[Though] the waters thereof roar [and] be troubled, [though] the mountains shake with the swelling thereof. Selah.

KJV (with Strong's)

Though the waters {H4325} thereof roar {H1993}{H8799)} and be troubled {H2560}{H8799)}, though the mountains {H2022} shake {H7493}{H8799)} with the swelling {H1346} thereof. Selah {H5542}.

Complete Jewish Bible

even if its waters rage and foam, and mountains shake at its turbulence.

Berean Standard Bible

though their waters roar and foam and the mountains quake in the surge. Selah

American Standard Version

Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled, Though the mountains tremble with the swelling thereof. [Selah

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Psalm 46:3 vividly portrays a world in extreme upheaval, where the very foundations of stability—the roaring, troubled waters and the shaking mountains—are profoundly disturbed. This powerful imagery serves to underscore the psalm's central declaration: that even amidst the most profound chaos and existential threats, God remains an unshakable refuge and an ever-present help, demonstrating His supreme sovereignty over all creation and all earthly powers. The verse sets a dramatic stage for the subsequent revelation of God's steadfast presence and His ultimate triumph over all disorder.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Psalm 46:3 functions as a dramatic elaboration on the psalmist's foundational declaration of trust in God, articulated in [Psalm 46:1-2](/psalms/46-1-2 "Psalm 46:1-2 - God Our Refuge and Strength"). Having established God as "our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble," and proclaiming an unwavering lack of fear "though the earth be removed, and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea," verse 3 intensifies this cataclysmic imagery. It paints a more detailed and terrifying picture of the forces at play, moving from a general statement of cosmic collapse to specific, sensory descriptions of roaring waters and trembling mountains. This progression magnifies the terrifying nature of the chaos, thereby accentuating the extraordinary power and security found in God alone. The psalm then contrasts this external turmoil with the tranquil "river" that makes glad the "city of God" in [Psalm 46:4](/psalms/46-4 "Psalm 46:4 - The River of God's Presence"), ultimately culminating in the repeated, comforting refrain: "The LORD of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge" ([Psalm 46:7](/psalms/46-7 "Psalm 46:7 - The Lord of Hosts is With Us") and [Psalm 46:11](/psalms/46-11 "Psalm 46:11 - The God of Jacob is Our Refuge")).
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Many scholars link Psalm 46 to God's miraculous deliverance of Jerusalem from the Assyrian siege under Sennacherib, as recorded in [2 Kings 19](/2_kings/19 "2 Kings 19 - Sennacherib's Defeat") and [Isaiah 37](/isaiah/37 "Isaiah 37 - Hezekiah's Prayer and Deliverance"). The imagery of "roaring waters" and "shaking mountains" would have deeply resonated with an ancient Near Eastern audience. In this cultural context, the sea often symbolized untamed, chaotic forces, representing the tumultuous nations, primordial chaos, or the abyss, as seen in various creation myths. Mountains, conversely, typically represented stability, permanence, and divine dwelling places, particularly Mount Zion as God's chosen abode. The idea that even these fundamental elements—the chaotic sea and the stable mountains—could be disturbed by "swelling" or "shaking" underscored an upheaval of cosmic proportions. This signified the most extreme threats imaginable, whether from natural disasters or, more commonly in prophetic literature, from overwhelming enemy armies and the unrest of nations.
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several major theological themes within Psalm 46 and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it highlights **Divine Sovereignty Amidst Turmoil**, asserting God's ultimate control even when the world seems to unravel. The extreme descriptions of chaos serve to magnify the Lord's power, demonstrating that no force, natural or geopolitical, is beyond His dominion. This concept is foundational to biblical faith, echoing the Lord's power over chaos in [Job 38:8-11](/job/38-8-11 "Job 38:8-11 - God's Power Over the Sea"). Secondly, it underscores the theme of **Unshakable Security in God**, contrasting the severity of external threats with the steadfastness found only in the Almighty. The psalm implies that true security is not derived from stable earthly conditions but from an active trust in God's presence and power, a theme beautifully articulated in [Isaiah 26:3](/isaiah/26-3 "Isaiah 26:3 - Perfect Peace"). Finally, the verse powerfully conveys **God's Overpowering Might**, portraying forces of immense destructive potential that are nonetheless subject to God's will. This imagery serves to comfort believers by reminding them that the Lord is capable of subduing any opposition and bringing order out of chaos, just as He did in the creation account in [Genesis 1](/genesis/1 "Genesis 1 - The Creation Account").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Roar (Hebrew, _hâmâh'_):** From H1993, a primitive root; to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor; clamorous, concourse, cry aloud, be disquieted, loud, mourn, be moved, make a noise, rage, roar, sound, be troubled, make in tumult, tumultuous, be in an uproar. This verb vividly describes a tumultuous, boisterous, and often menacing sound. In Psalm 46:3, it conveys the overwhelming and threatening sound of chaotic waters, implying not just noise but a violent, uncontrolled force.
* **Troubled (Hebrew, _châmar'_):** From H2560, a primitive root; also as denominative (from חֵמָר); properly, to boil up; hence, to ferment (with scum); to glow (with redness); to smear with pitch; daub, befoul, be red, trouble. This word signifies agitation, ferment, or disturbance. When applied to water, it suggests a violent churning or frothing, indicating that the waters are not merely loud but are in a state of violent, internal turmoil, bubbling with unrest and potentially destructive energy. This complements "roar" by adding a visual and kinetic dimension to the chaos.
* **Shake (Hebrew, _râʻash'_):** From H7493, a primitive root; to undulate (as the earth, the sky, etc.; also a field of grain), particularly through fear; specifically, to spring (as a locust); make afraid, (re-) move, quake, (make to) shake, (make to) tremble. This verb means to tremble, quake, or totter. It is often used for earthquakes or the shaking of mountains, indicating a profound instability or violent movement. Here, it emphasizes that even the most seemingly stable elements of creation—the mountains—are not immune to the overwhelming forces described, highlighting the extreme nature of the upheaval.
* **Swelling (Hebrew, _gaʼăvâh'_):** From H1346, xlit gaʻăvâh corrected to gaʻăvâh; from גָּאָה; arrogance or majesty; by implication, (concretely) ornament; excellency, haughtiness, highness, pride, proudly, swelling. While often denoting pride or arrogance, in this context, "swelling" refers to the tumultuous, rising, and overflowing power of the waters. It describes the arrogant, overwhelming surge of the chaotic forces, so immense that they cause even the mighty mountains to tremble.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"[Though] the waters thereof roar [and] be troubled":** This clause introduces the first element of extreme chaos, personifying the "waters" (likely referring to the tumultuous nations or forces of opposition, or literal natural disasters) as making a loud, threatening sound and being in a state of violent agitation. The "thereof" refers back to the "earth" mentioned in [Psalm 46:2](/psalms/46-2 "Psalm 46:2 - Though the Earth Be Removed"), implying the chaos originates from or affects the very fabric of the world. The combination of "roar" and "be troubled" paints a vivid picture of overwhelming, uncontrollable aquatic fury.
* **"[though] the mountains shake with the swelling thereof":** This second clause continues the imagery of cosmic upheaval, shifting from chaotic waters to the disturbance of seemingly immovable mountains. The "swelling thereof" refers to the tumultuous power of the waters, indicating that the force of the roaring, troubled waters is so immense that it causes even the mountains, symbols of stability and permanence, to tremble and lose their steadfastness. This illustrates a complete breakdown of what is considered secure and unshakeable in the natural order.
* **"Selah":** This interjection, found frequently in the Psalms, serves as a musical or liturgical instruction, often indicating a pause for reflection. In this context, "Selah" invites the reader or worshiper to pause and deeply ponder the profound implications of the preceding statement: the terrifying reality of extreme chaos and the complete destabilization of the world. It encourages meditation on the nature of God's power and presence in such circumstances, preparing the heart to receive the subsequent declaration of God's unwavering refuge.

#### Literary Devices
Psalm 46:3 is rich in literary devices that amplify its message of profound chaos and God's ultimate sovereignty. **Personification** is powerfully employed as the "waters thereof roar," giving human-like vocal qualities to an inanimate force, making the threat more immediate, menacing, and active. The verse also utilizes **Hyperbole**, using exaggerated imagery of cosmic upheaval—waters so powerful they make mountains shake—to emphasize the extreme nature of the turmoil and, by striking contrast, the extraordinary, unshakeable power of God. **Symbolism** is central, with "waters" representing chaotic forces, tumultuous nations, or existential threats, and "mountains" symbolizing stability, permanence, or established order, often even the divine dwelling. The disturbance of both underscores a complete breakdown of what is known and secure. Furthermore, the verse employs **Parallelism** with the repeated "though" clause structure, creating a rhythmic emphasis on the two distinct yet interconnected aspects of chaos, reinforcing the comprehensive nature of the upheaval. Finally, the inclusion of **Selah** acts as a rhetorical device, signaling a moment for contemplative pause, allowing the listener or reader to internalize the gravity of the described scene before the psalm shifts to God's triumphant response.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Psalm 46:3 stands as a powerful testament to God's absolute sovereignty over creation and all earthly powers, even when the world appears to be unraveling. It highlights the biblical truth that while chaos and destruction may rage, they do so only within the boundaries of God's permissive will, and ultimately, He remains enthroned above all. This verse sets the stage for the psalm's triumphant declaration of God's presence as an unshakeable refuge, emphasizing that true security is not found in the stability of circumstances but in the unchanging character and limitless power of the Almighty. It foreshadows the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom, where all earthly tumult will cease, and His peace will reign supreme, demonstrating that no force, natural or geopolitical, can ultimately thwart His divine purposes.

* [Psalm 93:3-4](/psalms/93-3-4 "The Lord is Mightier Than the Roaring Waters")
* [Isaiah 43:2](/isaiah/43-2 "Through the Waters and the Fire")
* [Revelation 17:15](/revelation/17-15 "Waters as Peoples and Nations")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
In a world often defined by uncertainty, conflict, and seemingly overwhelming challenges, Psalm 46:3 offers profound comfort and a vital reorientation of perspective for the believer. When personal crises feel like "roaring waters" threatening to engulf us, or societal instability causes our "mountains" of security to shake, this verse reminds us that our God is greater than any storm. It challenges us to shift our gaze from the magnitude of the problem to the majesty of our God, who remains sovereign over all chaos. This perspective cultivates a deep sense of peace and unwavering trust, knowing that even when the foundations of the earth seem to give way, our ultimate refuge is in the Lord of hosts. It encourages us to rest in His unshakeable presence, confident that He is actively at work, bringing His purposes to fruition even in the midst of turmoil. This passage calls us not to deny the reality of chaos, but to acknowledge it, and then, with even greater conviction, to affirm God's unyielding control and comforting presence within it.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "roaring waters" or "shaking mountains" are you currently facing in your life or observing in the world around you, and how do they challenge your sense of security?**
* **How does the imagery of extreme chaos in this verse deepen your appreciation for God's steadfastness and power, particularly in contrast to human fragility?**
* **What practical steps can you take to intentionally fix your gaze on God as your refuge when circumstances feel overwhelming and the world seems to be crumbling?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of "Selah" at the end of Psalm 46:3?**

Answer: "Selah" is a Hebrew term found frequently in the Psalms and Habakkuk, believed to be a musical or liturgical instruction, possibly indicating a pause, an instrumental interlude, or a change in musical emphasis. While its precise meaning is debated, in the context of [Psalm 46:3](/psalms/46-3 "Though the Waters Roar"), it functions as a critical pause for reflection. It invites the reader or worshiper to stop, meditate deeply, and internalize the profound truth just presented—the terrifying reality of cosmic chaos and the complete destabilization of the world. This pause allows the weight of the imagery to settle, making the subsequent declarations of God's steadfastness and presence even more impactful by contrast. It's an invitation to consider the implications of a world in utter turmoil and to prepare for the revelation of God's unwavering control over it, encouraging a moment of solemn contemplation before moving to the psalm's comforting resolution.

**How do "waters" and "mountains" function as symbols in this verse?**

Answer: In [Psalm 46:3](/psalms/46-3 "Though the Waters Roar"), "waters" and "mountains" are powerful symbols representing contrasting aspects of existence, both of which are shown to be disturbed. "Waters," particularly roaring and troubled ones, commonly symbolize chaotic forces, overwhelming threats, or the tumultuous nations and their unrest in biblical literature (e.g., [Psalm 93:3-4](/psalms/93-3-4 "The Lord is Mightier Than the Roaring Waters"), [Isaiah 17:12-13](/isaiah/17-12-13 "The Roaring of Many Peoples")). They evoke a sense of danger, instability, and uncontrollable power. "Mountains," on the other hand, typically symbolize stability, permanence, strength, and often the dwelling place of God (e.g., [Psalm 121:1](/psalms/121-1 "My Help Comes from the Lord"), [Psalm 125:1](/psalms/125-1 "Those Who Trust in the Lord")). The fact that even these "mountains shake with the swelling thereof" signifies an upheaval of the most extreme kind—a complete breakdown of all that is considered stable and secure. Together, they paint a picture of universal disorder and profound existential threat, against which God's unwavering presence is then powerfully contrasted.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Psalm 46:3, with its vivid portrayal of cosmic chaos, finds its ultimate fulfillment and resolution in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The roaring waters and shaking mountains, symbolizing the tumultuous forces of sin, death, and evil that threaten to overwhelm humanity, are ultimately subdued by the sovereign authority of the Son of God. Just as the psalmist declares God's control over natural and national chaos, the New Testament reveals Jesus' divine power over creation when He calmed the raging storm with a mere word, commanding the wind and waves, "Peace, be still!" in [Mark 4:39](/mark/4-39 "Mark 4:39 - Jesus Calms the Storm"). This act demonstrates that the very power that holds the universe together resides in Him, as [Colossians 1:17](/colossians/1-17 "Colossians 1:17 - All Things Hold Together in Christ") proclaims, "He is before all things, and in him all things hold together." Furthermore, the ultimate chaos of humanity's rebellion against God is overcome by Christ's sacrifice as the [Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God"), bringing peace where there was enmity ([Ephesians 2:14](/ephesians/2-14 "Ephesians 2:14 - He Is Our Peace")). He is the ultimate refuge and strength in whom believers find unshakable security, even when the world around them seems to crumble. His resurrection signifies His triumph over the final "roaring waters" of death, guaranteeing a future where, in the [new heavens and new earth, there will be no more sea](/revelation/21-1 "Revelation 21:1 - New Heavens and New Earth"), symbolizing the eternal eradication of chaos and the reign of perfect peace under His benevolent rule.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Jeremiah 5:22

Fear ye not me? saith the LORD: will ye not tremble at my presence, which have placed the sand [for] the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree, that it cannot pass it: and though the waves thereof toss themselves, yet can they not prevail; though they roar, yet can they not pass over it?

Psalms 93:3

The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves.

Psalms 93:4

The LORD on high [is] mightier than the noise of many waters, [yea, than] the mighty waves of the sea.

Job 9:5

Which removeth the mountains, and they know not: which overturneth them in his anger.

Job 9:6

Which shaketh the earth out of her place, and the pillars thereof tremble.

Micah 1:4

And the mountains shall be molten under him, and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, [and] as the waters [that are] poured down a steep place.

Psalms 114:4

The mountains skipped like rams, [and] the little hills like lambs.