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Translation
King James Version
And Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by mine hand, as thou hast said,
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KJV (with Strong's)
And Gideon H1439 said H559 unto God H430, If thou wilt H3426 save H3467 Israel H3478 by mine hand H3027, as thou hast said H1696,
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Complete Jewish Bible
Gid'on said to God, "If you are going to save Isra'el through me, as you said you would,
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Berean Standard Bible
Then Gideon said to God, “If You are going to save Israel by my hand, as You have said,
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American Standard Version
And Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand, as thou hast spoken,
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World English Bible Messianic
Gideon said to God, “If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken,
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Geneva Bible (1599)
Then Gideon said vnto God, If thou wilt saue Israel by mine hand, as thou hast sayd,
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Young's Literal Translation
And Gideon saith unto God, `If Thou art Saviour of Israel by my hand, as Thou hast spoken,
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Study This Verse

SUMMARY

Judges 6:36 captures a pivotal moment in Gideon's story, revealing his profound human need for tangible confirmation of God's divine promise. Despite having received a direct call and experiencing the empowerment of the Spirit, Gideon articulates a cautious faith, appealing to God for a concrete sign that He will indeed use him as the instrument to save Israel, just as He had declared. This verse sets the immediate stage for the well-known "fleece tests," illustrating the tension between divine assurance and human apprehension.

CONTEXT

  • Literary Context: Judges 6:36 immediately follows a series of significant events that underscore Gideon's initial reluctant obedience and God's clear commissioning. God had already appeared to Gideon, calling him a "mighty man of valor" and assuring him of His presence (Judges 6:11-16). Following this, Gideon demonstrated a nascent faith by destroying his father's altar to Baal and Asherah, an act of courageous defiance against the prevailing idolatry (Judges 6:25-27). Crucially, the Spirit of the Lord had "clothed" Gideon, empowering him to rally the tribes of Manasseh, Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali against the Midianites (Judges 6:34). Yet, in this verse, Gideon's human frailty resurfaces, prompting him to seek a personal, undeniable sign from God, which directly precipitates the iconic "fleece tests" described in Judges 6:37-40. This request highlights a recurring biblical tension between divine promise and human apprehension, a central theme woven throughout the book of Judges.
  • Historical & Cultural Context: Israel was enduring a period of severe oppression under the Midianites, Amalekites, and "people of the East" for seven devastating years, resulting in widespread desolation, famine, and extreme poverty (Judges 6:1-6). This dire situation was a direct consequence of Israel's repeated disobedience and idolatry, a cyclical pattern of sin, oppression, cry, and deliverance that defines the narrative of Judges. Gideon, hailing from the humble clan of Abiezer in the tribe of Manasseh, was initially found threshing wheat in a winepress—a desperate measure to hide his meager harvest from the Midianite raiders (Judges 6:11). In the ancient Near East, it was common practice to seek divine oracles or signs to confirm a deity's will or presence, especially before undertaking a perilous and significant endeavor like war. Gideon's request, therefore, was not entirely out of step with the cultural expectations of his time, even if it reflected a lack of full trust in God's already spoken word.
  • Key Themes: This verse powerfully illustrates several enduring themes. Firstly, it highlights Divine Call and Empowerment, as God has unequivocally chosen Gideon and equipped him with His Spirit for the task of deliverance (Judges 6:12 and Judges 6:34). Secondly, it underscores Human Hesitancy and the Need for Assurance, portraying Gideon's struggle to reconcile God's grand promise with his own perceived inadequacy and the enormity of the task. His request for a sign reflects a deep human need for tangible proof to bolster faith in the face of overwhelming odds. Finally, it profoundly reveals God's Patience and Condescension, demonstrating His willingness to accommodate human weakness and provide reassurance, even when faith wavers. This divine characteristic, where God meets His people where they are, is a consistent thread throughout the biblical narrative, particularly in God's dealings with His chosen leaders and His people as a whole.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

  • Gideon (Hebrew, Gidʻôwn', H1439): From the root meaning "to fell" or "to cut down," Gideon's name signifies "feller" or "hewer," implying a warrior. This name, given to him perhaps at birth or as a prophetic moniker, stands in stark contrast to his initial timid and fearful demeanor. The narrative of Judges 6-8 demonstrates how God transforms this "feller" of trees (as he was threshing wheat) into a "feller" of Midianites, fulfilling the meaning of his name through divine empowerment.
  • Hand (Hebrew, yâd, H3027): While literally referring to a physical hand, yâd is a rich Hebrew term often used metaphorically to represent power, agency, authority, or instrumentality. When Gideon says "by mine hand," he is acknowledging that he is to be the instrument or agent through whom God will accomplish the salvation of Israel. It emphasizes the human role in divine plans, even as the ultimate power and initiative reside solely with God. This highlights the paradox of God working through human weakness.
  • Said (Hebrew, dâbar, H1696): This verb means to speak, declare, or command, often carrying the weight of a divine utterance or promise. Gideon's phrase "as thou hast said" is a direct reference to God's earlier, explicit assurances, particularly in Judges 6:14 ("Go in this thy might, and thou shalt save Israel from the hand of the Midianites: have not I sent thee?") and Judges 6:16 ("Surely I will be with thee, and thou shalt smite the Midianites as one man"). This indicates that Gideon remembers and acknowledges God's word, even as his human doubt prompts him to seek further, tangible confirmation of its application to his specific situation.

Verse Breakdown

  • "And Gideon said unto God,": This opening clause immediately establishes the direct, personal, and profoundly intimate nature of Gideon's address. It is not a general prayer or a soliloquy, but a specific, vulnerable appeal to the Divine. This highlights the ongoing, dynamic dialogue between God and His chosen servant, emphasizing God's accessibility and Gideon's willingness to articulate his deepest uncertainties directly to his Creator.
  • "If thou wilt save Israel by mine hand,": This is the core of Gideon's request, framed as a conditional statement ("If..."). It expresses his earnest desire for God to confirm His promise of deliverance, specifically through Gideon's instrumentality. Despite God's explicit call and the recent empowerment of the Spirit, Gideon's human frailty, the immense scale of the task, and the overwhelming Midianite oppression lead him to seek tangible assurance that he is indeed the chosen vessel for this mighty act of salvation. This conditional phrasing reveals a faith that is present but wrestling, seeking to move from intellectual assent to experiential certainty.
  • "as thou hast said,": This concluding phrase is crucial, demonstrating that Gideon is not questioning God's ability or the truthfulness of His word in general. Rather, he is seeking confirmation of the application of that word to his specific situation and his personal role. He recalls God's previous declarations of using him to deliver Israel (Judges 6:14 and Judges 6:16), indicating that his doubt is not outright unbelief but a deep-seated desire for clarity and tangible proof to bolster his faith for the daunting, divinely appointed task ahead.

Literary Devices

The passage primarily employs Dialogue, presenting a direct address from Gideon to God. This immediate, personal interaction underscores Gideon's vulnerability and his profound need for reassurance, rendering his character deeply relatable to readers. The use of a Conditional Clause ("If thou wilt save...") is a key rhetorical device, highlighting Gideon's hesitant faith and his desire for a definitive, undeniable sign, rather than an unqualified declaration of trust. This rhetorical framing skillfully builds narrative tension, directly leading into the dramatic Fleece Tests that follow, which serve as a powerful form of Symbolism for God's extraordinary condescension and willingness to meet His people where they are, even in their moments of profound doubt. The concluding phrase, "as thou hast said," functions as a subtle form of Allusion or Echo, referring back to God's repeated divine promises to Gideon, thereby emphasizing Gideon's awareness of God's prior commitment and his plea for its confirmation.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

Judges 6:36 encapsulates a profound theological truth about God's condescension and patience with human weakness, even in the face of clear divine commissioning. While God's spoken word is ultimately sufficient, He often, in His compassionate nature, meets His people in their need for tangible assurance. Gideon's request, though bordering on doubt and perhaps even a lack of full trust in God's initial word, is met not with rebuke but with grace. This demonstrates that God's sovereign plan is not thwarted by human frailty but often unfolds precisely through it, as He strengthens and enables His chosen instruments. This interaction also highlights the recurring biblical tension between divine sovereignty and human responsibility, where God calls, empowers, and uses individuals, yet respects their process of faith development. It further underscores the consistent biblical theme of God raising up deliverers for His people in times of oppression, even unlikely ones.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

Gideon's honest wrestling with God's call in Judges 6:36 offers a deeply relatable portrait of faith navigating the complexities of the real world. Many believers, when confronted with a daunting task, a seemingly impossible divine directive, or a profound sense of inadequacy, experience moments of profound uncertainty. We may question our own capacity, the clarity of God's voice, or even the feasibility of the divine promise. Gideon's plea for a sign is not necessarily an act of outright unbelief, but rather a deeply human cry for confirmation—a desire for God to bridge the gap between His grand, overwhelming promise and Gideon's humble, fearful reality. This verse profoundly encourages us to bring our authentic doubts, fears, and needs for assurance directly to God, trusting in His patient understanding and boundless grace rather than pretending to possess a perfect, unwavering faith we do not yet have. It reminds us that God often chooses to work powerfully through our weaknesses, and His grace is always sufficient to meet us precisely where we are, sometimes providing tangible confirmations to strengthen our resolve and enable us to step out in courageous obedience, just as He graciously did for Gideon.

Questions for Reflection

  • In what specific areas of your life are you currently seeking greater assurance or tangible confirmation from God regarding His will or promises?
  • How does Gideon's vulnerability and willingness to express his doubts encourage you to be more honest and transparent with God about your own fears or uncertainties?
  • What is the healthy balance between trusting God's explicit word implicitly and seeking tangible signs or further confirmations in your walk of faith?
  • How does God's remarkable patience and gracious accommodation of Gideon's request deepen your understanding of His character and His dealings with His people?

FAQ

Was Gideon's request for a sign a sign of weak faith or a legitimate need?

Answer: Gideon's request, while certainly indicating a degree of hesitancy and a wrestling with the enormity of the task, is generally understood as a legitimate human need for confirmation rather than outright unbelief or a defiant testing of God. He had already received a direct call from the Angel of the Lord (Judges 6:12) and had been empowered by the Spirit of the Lord (Judges 6:34). His request was not to question God's ability to save Israel, but to confirm God's specific will for him as the chosen instrument in such a monumental and dangerous undertaking. God, in His profound patience and understanding of human frailty, graciously accommodated Gideon's request with the fleece tests (Judges 6:37-40), demonstrating His willingness to meet His servants where they are to strengthen their faith for the task ahead. Ultimately, Gideon is listed among the heroes of faith in Hebrews 11:32, suggesting his faith, though imperfect and initially hesitant, was genuine and ultimately led to courageous obedience.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

While Gideon sought a sign to confirm his role as a temporary deliverer, the ultimate and perfect fulfillment of God's saving hand is found in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Gideon, an imperfect and hesitant human instrument who needed repeated assurances, foreshadows the perfect and willingly obedient Lamb of God. Unlike Gideon, who wrestled with doubt and required tangible signs, Jesus perfectly embodied faith and obedience, declaring, "I always do what pleases him" and praying, "Not my will, but yours be done". The salvation Gideon was to bring was temporal and physical, a liberation of Israel from Midianite oppression. However, Christ's salvation is eternal and spiritual, delivering humanity from the ultimate bondage of sin and death. He is the true "hand" of God, the very power and agency through whom God "saved" the world, not by temporary signs or a series of deliverances, but by the ultimate, once-for-all sacrifice on the cross (Hebrews 9:26). In Christ, the need for external signs gives way to the certainty of His accomplished work and the indwelling Spirit who provides an unshakeable assurance to believers (Romans 8:16), transforming hesitant faith into confident trust in the Savior who has already declared, "It is finished!" (John 19:30).

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Commentary on Judges 6 verses 33–40

Here we have, I. The descent which the enemies of Israel made upon them, Jdg 6:33. A vast number of Midianites, Amalekites, and Arabians, got together, and came over Jordan, none either caring or daring to guard that important and advantageous pass against them, and they made their headquarters in the valley of Jezreel, in the heart of Manasseh's tribe, not far from Gideon's city. Some think that the notice they had of Gideon's destroying Baal's altar brought them over, and that they came to plead for Baal and to make that a pretence for quarrelling with Israel; but it is more likely that it was now harvest-time, when they had been wont each year to make such a visit as this (Jdg 6:3), and that they were expected when Gideon was threshing, Jdg 6:11. God raised up Gideon to be ready against this terrible blow came. Their success so many years in these incursions, the little opposition they had met with and the great booty they had carried off, made them now both very eager and very confident. But it proved that the measure of their iniquity was full and the year of recompence had come; they must now make an end to spoil and must be spoiled, and they are gathered as sheaves to the floor (Mic 4:12, Mic 4:13), for Gideon to thresh.

II. The preparation which Gideon makes to attack them in their camp, Jdg 6:34, Jdg 6:35. 1. God by his Spirit put life into Gideon: The Spirit of the Lord clothes Gideon (so the word is), clothed him as a robe, to put honour upon him, clothed him as a coat of mail, to put defence upon him. Those are well clad that are thus clothed. A spirit of fortitude from before the Lord clothed Gideon; so the Chaldee. He was of himself a mighty man of valour; yet personal strength and courage, though vigorously exerted, would not suffice for this great action; he must have the armour of God upon him, and this is what he must depend upon: The Spirit of the Lord clothed him in an extraordinary manner. Whom God calls to his work he will qualify and animate for it. 2. Gideon with his trumpet put life into his neighbours, God working with him; he blew a trumpet, to call in volunteers, and more came in than perhaps he expected. (1.) The men of Abiezer, though lately enraged against him for throwing down the altar of Baal, and though they had condemned him to death as a criminal, were now convinced of their error, bravely came in to his assistance, and submitted to him as their general: Abiezer was gathered after him, Jdg 6:34. So suddenly can God turn the hearts even of idolaters and persecutors. (2.) Distant tribes, even Asher and Naphtali, which lay most remote, though strangers to him, obeyed his summons, and sent him in the best of their forces, Jdg 6:35. Though they lay furthest from the danger, yet, considering that if their neighbours were over-run by the Midianites their own turn would be next, they were forward to join against a common enemy.

III. The signs which God gratified him with, for the confirming both of his own faith and that of his followers; and perhaps it was more for their sakes than for his own that he desired them. Or, perhaps, he desired by these to be satisfied whether this was the time of his conquering the Midianites, or whether he was to wait for some other opportunity. Observe, 1. His request for a sign (Jdg 6:36, Jdg 6:37): "Let me by this know that thou wilt save Israel by my hand, let a fleece of wool, spread in the open air, be wet with the dew, and let the ground about it be dry." The purport of this is, Lord, I believe, help thou my unbelief. He found his own faith weak and wavering, and therefore begged of God by this sign to perfect what was lacking in it. We may suppose that God, who intended to give him these signs, for the glorifying of his own power and goodness, put it into his heart to ask them. Yet, when he repeated his request for a second sign, the reverse of the former, he did it with a very humble apology, deprecating God's displeasure, because it looked so like a peevish humoursome distrust of God and dissatisfaction with the many assurances he had already given him (Jdg 6:39): Let not thy anger be hot against me. Though he took the boldness to ask another sign, yet he did it with such fear and trembling as showed that the familiarity God had graciously admitted him to did not breed any contempt of God's glory, nor presumption on God's goodness. Abraham had given him an example of this, when God gave him leave to be very free with him (Gen 18:30, Gen 18:32), O let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak. God's favour must be sought with great reverence, a due sense of our distance, and a religious fear of his wrath. 2. God's gracious grant of his request. See how tender God is of true believers though they be weak, and how ready to condescend to their infirmities, that the bruised reed may not be broken nor the smoking flax quenched. Gideon would have the fleece wet and the ground dry; but then, lest any should object, "It is natural for wool, if ever so little moisture fall, to drink it in and retain it, and therefore there was nothing extraordinary in this," though the quantity wrung out was sufficient to obviate such an objection, yet he desires that next night the ground might be wet and the fleece dry, and it is done, so willing is God to give to the heirs of promise strong consolation (Heb 6:17, Heb 6:18), even by two immutable things. He suffers himself, not only to be prevailed with by their importunities, but even to be prescribed to by their doubts and dissatisfactions. These signs were, (1.) Truly miraculous, and therefore abundantly serving to confirm his commission. It is said of the dew that it is from the Lord, and tarrieth not for man, nor waiteth for the sons of men (Mic 5:7); and yet God here in this matter hearkened to the voice of a man; as to Joshua, in directing the course of the sun, so to Gideon in directing that of the dew, by which it appears that it falls not by chance, but by providence. The latter sign inverted the former, and, to please Gideon, it was wrought backward and forward, whence Dr. Fuller observes that heaven's real miracles will endure turning, being inside and outside both alike. (2.) Very significant. He and his men were going to engage the Midianites; could God distinguish between a small fleece of Israel and the vast floor of Midian? Yes, by this he is made to know that he can. Is Gideon desirous that the dew of divine grace might descend upon himself in particular? He sees the fleece wet with dew to assure him of it. Does he desire that God will be as the dew to all Israel? Behold, all the ground is wet. Some make this fleece an emblem of the Jewish nation, which, when time was, was wet with the dew of God's word and ordinances, while the rest of the world was dry; but since the rejection of Christ and his gospel they are dry as the heath in the wilderness, while the nations about are as a watered garden.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 33–40. Public domain.
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Origen of AlexandriaAD 253
HOMILIES ON JUDGES 8.4
But now let’s see why, in the first sign, “dew fell upon the fleece, whereas the ground was dry,” and in the second sign, “dew fell upon the ground, while the fleece remained dry,” an indication which Gideon accepted as a pledge that the Lord would save Israel through his hand. The rationale for this mystery is to be seen in what I remember from one of our preceding books, which characterized the people of Israel as a “fleece,” with the surrounding ground being the Gentiles, while the dew that fell “upon the fleece” was the word of God written for this people alone. For only to Israel did the dew of the divine law arrive, whereas all the surrounding nations remained dry, none of them being infused with the moisture of divine locution. In the second sign, however, where he asked that the dew fall on the ground and that the fleece remain dry, a completely different rationale can be observed. We should see this entire people, who were gathered together from nations around the world, now having within themselves the divine dew; see them infused with the dew of Moses, irrigated by the word of the prophets; see them green from evangelical and apostolic water. The fleece, however, that is, the Jewish people, suffers aridity and dryness in the word of God, according to which it is written: “The children of Israel will be for a long time without king, without prince, without prophet; they will have no altar, no victim, no sacrifice.” You can see how they remain arid, how they are stricken with drought of the word of God.… Even the seventy-first psalm, as I have often discussed with them, moves me to this conclusion because, when it describes the advent of Christ, it foretells his coming as rain on a fleece and as showers on the earth. Here in Judges a fleece is mentioned and in the psalm, also, “fleece” is the word chosen. For he will “descend like rain,” it says, “on a fleece.” He descends, therefore, on that fleece of the people of circumcision and “like showers upon the earth,” meaning that our Lord Jesus Christ descends on the remainder of the earth, dripping upon us and bringing the “dew of heaven” to us Gentiles also, that we too may drink who were on the previously arid surrounding land.
Ambrose of MilanAD 397
On the Holy Spirit, Book 1
Nor was it without a reason that he put the fleece neither in a field nor in a meadow, but in a threshing-floor, where is the harvest of the wheat: "For the harvest is plenteous, but the labourers are few;" because that, through faith in the Lord, there was about to be a harvest fruitful in virtues.
Ambrose of MilanAD 397
On the Holy Spirit, Book 1
Some one perhaps will enquire whether he does not seem to have been wanting in faith, seeing that after being instructed by many signs he asked still more. But how can he seem to have asked as if doubting or wanting in faith, who was speaking in mysteries? He was not then doubtful, but careful that we should not doubt. For how could he be doubtful whose prayer was effectual? And how could he have begun the battle without fear, unless he had understood the message of God? for the dew on the fleece signified the faith among the Jews, because the words of God come down like the dew.
Ambrose of MilanAD 397
On the Holy Spirit, Book 1
Nor, again, was it without a reason that he dried the fleece of the Jews, and put the dew from it into a basin, so that it was filled with water, yet he did not himself wash his feet in that dew. The prerogative of so great a mystery was to be given to another. He was being waited for Who alone could wash away the filth of all. Gideon was not great enough to claim this mystery for himself, but "the Son of Man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister." Let us, then, recognize in Whom these mysteries are seen to be accomplished. Not in holy Gideon, for they were still at their commencement. Therefore the Gentiles were surpassed, for dryness was still upon the Gentiles, and therefore did Israel surpass them, for then did the dew remain on the fleece.

Let us come now to the Gospel of God. I find the Lord stripping Himself of His garments, and girding Himself with a towel, pouring water into a basin, and washing the disciples' feet. That heavenly dew was this water, this was foretold, namely, that the Lord Jesus Christ would wash the feet of His disciples in that heavenly dew.
Ambrose of MilanAD 397
Concerning Widows 3.18
But what does this mean: "Until the day on which the Lord shall send rain on the earth"? except that he, too, "shall come down like rain upon a fleece, and like the drops that water the earth." In this passage the mystery of the old history is disclosed where Gideon, the warrior of the mystic conflict, receiving the pledge of future victory, recognized the spiritual sacrament in the vision of his mind, that that rain was the dew of the divine Word, which first came down on the fleece, when all the earth was parched with continual drought, and by a second true sign, moistened the floor of all the earth with a shower, while dryness was upon the fleece.
JeromeAD 420
HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 24 (PS 96)
The truth of the Lord reaches even to the clouds. The clouds are the apostles and prophets; to them he gave the command not to rain upon Israel. This is in agreement with history as recorded in the book of Judges, where it speaks of the fleece that was dry while rain fell upon the rest of the world. It means that Israel is dry and the rain is pouring down over the whole world.
Augustine of HippoAD 430
EXPLANATIONS OF THE PSALMS 72.9
“And he shall come down like rain into a fleece, and like drops distilling upon the earth.” He has reminded and admonished us that what was done by Gideon the judge has its end in Christ. He asked the Lord for a sign, that a fleece laid on the floor should alone be rained upon and the floor should be dry; and again, that the fleece alone should be dry and the floor should be rained upon; and so it happened. This dry fleece, which lay upon a floor in the midst of the whole round world, signified the former people Israel. Therefore, Christ came down like rain upon the fleece while the floor remained dry; concerning this he said, “I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.” There [in Israel] he selected a mother through whom he would receive the [bodily] form of a servant in order to appear to humanity: there he gave this command to the disciples, saying, “Don’t go in the direction of the nations or enter into the cities of the Samaritans: go first to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.” When he said, go “first” to them, he also showed that afterward, when the floor was to be rained upon, they would also go to other sheep who were not of the former people of Israel. Concerning these he says, “I have other sheep which are not of this fold; I need to bring in them also, that there may be one flock and one Shepherd.” For this reason the apostle also says, “For I say that Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises of the patriarchs.” Thus rain came down upon the fleece, while the floor remained dry. Regarding this he continues, “so that the nations should glorify God for his mercy,” and, when the time arrived, that what he says by the prophet should be fulfilled, “a people whom I have not known has served me, in listening attentively it has obeyed me.” We now understand that the nation of the Jews has remained dry of Christ’s grace, and all the nations throughout the whole round world are being rained upon by clouds full of Christian grace. He has indicated this rain with another phrase, as he says that “drops [are] distilling” no longer upon the fleece but “upon the earth.” For what else is rain but drops distilling? I think that the above [Jewish] nation is signified as a fleece either because they were to be stripped of the authority of teaching—just as a sheep is stripped of its skin—or because he was hiding that same rain in a secret place and did not desire that it should be preached to those who were not circumcised, that is, to be revealed to uncircumcised nations.
Augustine of HippoAD 430
SERMON 81.9
But some, like the Jews in former times, both wish to be called Christians, and—still ignorant of God’s righteousness—desire to establish their own, even in our own times of open grace, of the full revelation of grace that was previously hidden, that is, in the times of grace now manifested in the floor, which had before lay hidden in the fleece.… Gideon, one of the righteous men of old, asked for a sign from the Lord, and said, “I pray, Lord, that this fleece which I put on the floor would be wet with dew, and that the floor would be dry.” And it was so. The fleece was wet with dew while the whole floor was dry. In the morning he wrung out the fleece in a basin—since grace is given to the humble—and you know what the Lord did to his disciples [with water] in a basin. He asked for yet another sign: “O Lord, I [pray] that the fleece would be dry, and the floor wet with dew.” And it was so. Consider how, in the time of the Old Testament, grace was hidden in a cloud, as the rain in the fleece. Note also the time of the New Testament: if you consider the nation of the Jews, you will find it like the dry fleece, whereas the whole world, like that floor, is full of grace, not hidden but manifested. Therefore we are greatly compelled to grieve for our brothers who strive against openly manifested, rather than hidden, grace. There is allowance for the Jews, but what shall we say of Christians? For what reason are you enemies of Christ’s grace? Why do you rely on yourselves? Why are you unthankful? Why did Christ come? Wasn’t [human] nature here before, which you only deceive by your excessive praise? Wasn’t the law here? But the apostle says, “If righteousness comes through the law, then Christ died in vain.” What the apostle says of the law, we say regarding nature concerning these people. “If righteousness comes through [human] nature, then Christ died in vain.”
Augustine of HippoAD 430
LETTER 177
Again on this subject it is written: “For through the law comes the knowledge of sin. But now, apart from the law, the justice of God is made manifest, being witnessed by the law and the prophets.” When he says “made manifest” he shows that it had existed but was like the dew for which Gideon asked; then it was not visible on the fleece, but now it is made manifest on the ground around. Therefore, since law without grace could only strengthen rather than kill sin—as it is written: “The sting of death is sin and the strength of sin is the law”—and as many flee to grace for refuge from the face of sin which had been so enthroned, to grace lying manifest, as it were, on the ground, so at that time few fled to it [grace] for refuge, invisible as it were, on the fleece. Indeed, this division of times belongs to the depth of the riches of the wisdom and of the knowledge of God, of which it is said: “How incomprehensible are his judgments and how unsearchable his ways!”
Augustine of HippoAD 430
EXPLANATIONS OF THE PSALMS 138.7
What did Gideon’s fleece signify? It is like the nation of the Jews in the midst of the world, which had the grace of sacraments, not indeed openly manifested, but hidden in a cloud or in a veil, like the dew in the fleece. The time came when the dew was to be manifested in the floor; it was manifested, no longer hidden. Christ alone is the sweetness of dew: him alone you do not recognize in Scripture, for whom Scripture was written. But yet, “they have heard all the words of your mouth.”
Maximus of TurinAD 465
SERMON 97.3
Rightly, then, do we compare Mary with fleece—she who conceived the Lord in such a way that she absorbed him with her whole body; nor did she undergo a rending of that same body, but she was tender in submission and firm in chastity. Rightly, I say, is Mary compared with fleece—she from whose offspring saving garments are woven for the people. Clearly Mary is fleece since from her tender womb came forth the Lamb who himself, bearing his mother’s wool (that is, flesh), covers the wounds of all peoples with a soft fleece. For every wound of sin is covered with the wool of Christ, tended by the blood of Christ, and, so that it may receive health, clothed in the garment of Christ.
Caesarius of ArlesAD 542
SERMON 117.4
Now, although Gideon was brave and confident, still he sought fuller proofs of victory from the Lord, saying, “If indeed you are going to save Israel through me, as you promised, O Lord, I am putting this woolen fleece on the threshing floor. If dew comes on the fleece, while all the ground is dry, I shall know that you will save the people through me, as you promised.” That is what took place. Afterwards, he added that the second time dew should pour over all the ground and only the fleece be dry; and so it happened. The dew on the fleece was faith in Judea, for the words of God descend as dew; for this reason Moses says, “May my discourse be awaited like the rain, and my words descend like the dew.” Thus, when the whole world was dried up from the unproductive heat of Gentile superstition, then there was the dew of a heavenly visitation upon the fleece, that is, in Judea. However, after “the lost sheep of the house of Israel” (foreshadowing, I think, the figure of the fleece of the Jews) refused the fountain of living water, the dew of faith dried up in the hearts of the Jews, and that divine stream turned its path to the hearts of the Gentiles. For this reason, the whole world is now moist with the dew of faith, but the Jews destroyed their prophets and advisers. It is no wonder that they submit to the dryness of faithlessness, since the Lord God deprived them of the fruitful rains of the prophets, saying, “I will command the clouds not to send rain upon that vineyard.” Salutary is the rain of the prophetic cloud, as David said: “He shall be like rain coming down on the meadow, like showers watering the earth.” The sacred writings of the whole world promised us this rain which watered the world at the advent of our Lord and Savior with the dew of the divine spirit. Thus, the dew has already come, and also the rain; the Lord came and brought with him heavenly showers. For this reason, we who thirsted before now drink, and by an interior drinking [we] absorb that divine spirit. Therefore, holy Gideon foresaw that by perceiving faith, even tribes and nations would drink the true heavenly dew.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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