Joshua 22:5

Translation
King James Version
But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of the LORD charged you, to love the LORD your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.
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KJV (with Strong's)
But take diligent H3966 heed H8104 to do H6213 the commandment H4687 and the law H8451, which Moses H4872 the servant H5650 of the LORD H3068 charged H6680 you, to love H157 the LORD H3068 your God H430, and to walk H3212 in all his ways H1870, and to keep H8104 his commandments H4687, and to cleave H1692 unto him, and to serve H5647 him with all your heart H3824 and with all your soul H5315.
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Complete Jewish Bible
Only take great care to obey the mitzvah and the Torah which Moshe the servant of ADONAI gave you - to love ADONAI your God, follow all his ways, observe his mitzvot, cling to him, and serve him with all your heart and being."
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Berean Standard Bible
But be very careful to observe the commandment and the law that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you: to love the LORD your God, to walk in all His ways, to keep His commandments, to hold fast to Him, and to serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul.”
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American Standard Version
Only take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law which Moses the servant of Jehovah commanded you, to love Jehovah your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.
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World English Bible Messianic
Only take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law which Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, to love the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, to keep his commandments, to hold fast to him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.”
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Geneva Bible (1599)
But take diligent heede, to doe the commandement and Lawe, which Moses the seruant of the Lord commanded you: that is, that ye loue the Lord your God, and walke in all his wayes, and keepe his commandements, and cleaue vnto him, and serue him with all your heart and with all your soule.
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Young's Literal Translation
Only, be very watchful to do the command and the law which Moses, servant of Jehovah, commanded you, to love Jehovah your God, and to walk in all His ways, and to keep His commands, and to cleave to Him, and to serve Him, with all your heart, and with all your soul.'
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See also
Matthew 22:37Exodus 20:6Romans 8:28Deuteronomy 11:22Exodus 15:26Matthew 4:10James 1:12
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Tensions with the Eastern Tribes
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In the KJVVerse 6,432 of 31,102

Study This Verse

SUMMARY

Joshua 22:5 encapsulates the profound essence of the Mosaic covenant, serving as Joshua's final, poignant exhortation to the returning Transjordanian tribes. It calls for an unwavering, wholehearted commitment to God, emphasizing diligent obedience to His commands, active love for Him, a lifestyle aligned with His ways, steadfast loyalty, and service rendered with complete devotion of heart and soul. This verse powerfully reiterates the foundational principles of Israel's relationship with Yahweh, reminding them that their future blessings and continued presence in the land depend on their faithful adherence to these divine stipulations.

CONTEXT

  • Literary Context: Joshua 22 marks a pivotal transition in the book of Joshua, signifying the conclusion of the primary military campaigns and the division of the land. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, having fulfilled their vow to assist their brethren in conquest, are now dismissed by Joshua to return to their inheritance east of the Jordan River. This farewell address, culminating in verse 5, represents Joshua's final, comprehensive charge to these tribes, echoing the covenantal stipulations that have governed Israel's journey from Sinai to Canaan. It immediately precedes the controversial altar incident (Joshua 22:10-34), which critically tests the very principles of unity and covenant faithfulness that Joshua is here emphasizing. The verse serves as a foundational reminder of their obligations before they depart, setting the stage for the challenges and temptations that might arise from their geographical separation and potential isolation from the central sanctuary.
  • Historical & Cultural Context: The setting is post-conquest Canaan, a crucial period of transition from military campaign to settled, agrarian life. The tribes are returning to lands already allotted to them by Moses, as detailed in Numbers 32, distinct from the main body of Israel west of the Jordan. This geographical separation posed a significant risk of spiritual drift, assimilation into surrounding pagan cultures, or even a fracturing of the nascent Israelite identity. Joshua's address, therefore, is far more than a polite farewell; it is a critical reinforcement of their shared identity as the people of Yahweh, bound by a common covenant. The emphasis on "the commandment and the law, which Moses... charged you" directly references the foundational legal and moral framework given at Sinai and reiterated in Deuteronomy, which was the bedrock of Israelite society, governance, and worship, distinguishing them from all other nations.
  • Key Themes: Joshua 22:5 powerfully crystallizes several overarching themes central to the book of Joshua and the Pentateuch. It underscores the paramount importance of covenant faithfulness as the indispensable basis for Israel's continued blessing and success in the land, echoing the promises and warnings articulated in Deuteronomy 28. The call to "love the LORD your God" and "serve him with all your heart and with all your soul" directly reflects the core command of the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:5, highlighting that genuine obedience is to flow from a deep, internal devotion, rather than mere external compliance. The phrase "walk in all his ways" speaks to a holistic lifestyle of righteousness and adherence to divine principles, while "cleave unto him" emphasizes unwavering loyalty and intimate communion with God, a concept also found in Deuteronomy 10:20. These themes collectively stress that the physical possession of the land was contingent upon spiritual fidelity and an exclusive relationship with Yahweh.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

  • Diligent (Hebrew, mᵉʼôd', H3966): While the KJV translates "take diligent heed," the underlying Hebrew for "diligent" is mᵉʼôd (מְאֹד), an adverb meaning "very," "exceedingly," or "utterly." It intensifies the verb shamar (שָׁמַר), meaning "to keep" or "to guard." Thus, "take diligent heed" implies "guard very much" or "observe with extreme care." This conveys an intense degree of precision, earnestness, and vigilance required for obedience, signifying that adherence to God's commands is not casual but demands profound attention and intentionality, a constant watchfulness against deviation.
  • Cleave (Hebrew, dâbaq', H1692): This verb (dâbaq, דָּבַק) signifies a strong, intimate attachment, to stick, cling, or hold fast to something or someone. It implies an inseparable bond, a deep loyalty that resists separation or detachment. Beyond mere physical proximity, dâbaq denotes a profound spiritual and emotional commitment, as seen in its use for marital union in Genesis 2:24. In the context of God, it speaks of unwavering devotion and fidelity, a refusal to turn away from Him towards other gods or allegiances.
  • Heart (Hebrew, lêbâb', H3824): The term lêbâb (לֵבָב) in biblical Hebrew refers not merely to the physical organ but to the totality of the inner person: intellect, will, emotion, and conscience. To serve God with "all your heart" means to engage one's mind, intentions, desires, and moral compass fully in His service. It signifies an internal, sincere devotion that precedes and motivates external actions, contrasting sharply with superficial, ritualistic, or merely outward obedience. It demands a genuine, unreserved commitment of one's entire inner being.

Verse Breakdown

  • "But take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of the LORD charged you": This opening clause establishes the gravity and authority of the exhortation. "Diligent heed" underscores the necessity of careful, intentional, and precise obedience. The source of these commands is explicitly stated as "the commandment and the law" given by "Moses the servant of the LORD," grounding the exhortation in the authoritative, divinely revealed covenant given at Sinai, thereby reinforcing its binding and timeless nature for all generations of Israel.
  • "to love the LORD your God": This is presented not merely as an emotion but as a foundational command and the ultimate motivation for all subsequent actions. Biblical love for God (ahavah) is an active, covenantal commitment expressed through loyalty, obedience, and devotion. It is the internal disposition that drives external adherence to His will, echoing the primary command of the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:5. This love is reciprocal, a response to God's prior love and faithfulness.
  • "and to walk in all his ways": This phrase describes the practical manifestation of love and obedience. "Walking" is a common biblical metaphor for one's conduct, lifestyle, or course of life. To "walk in all his ways" means to live in accordance with God's character, principles, and moral standards, demonstrating righteousness and integrity in all aspects of life, mirroring His holiness and reflecting His will in daily choices.
  • "and to keep his commandments": This is the direct, concrete expression of walking in God's ways and loving Him. "Keeping" implies not just knowing or hearing, but actively observing, guarding, and performing His statutes. It signifies practical, ongoing adherence to the specific laws and precepts revealed by God, demonstrating faithfulness through consistent action and upholding the terms of the covenant.
  • "and to cleave unto him": This clause emphasizes unwavering loyalty and intimate communion. As discussed, "cleave" (dâbaq) denotes an inseparable bond, a steadfast attachment to God alone, rejecting any idolatrous alternatives or spiritual compromise. It speaks of a deep, personal relationship characterized by fidelity, devotion, and an exclusive commitment to Yahweh as the one true God.
  • "and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul": This culminating phrase demands total, unreserved commitment. "Serve" (ʻâbad) implies worship, labor, and devotion. "All your heart" (intellect, will, emotion) and "all your soul" (life force, being, inner self) together signify a comprehensive, holistic dedication. It means that every faculty and every fiber of one's being should be engaged in the worship, obedience, and service of God, leaving no part of life untouched by His sovereign claim and ultimate purpose for humanity.

Literary Devices

Joshua 22:5 is rich in covenantal language and employs repetition of key concepts, characteristic of Deuteronomic theology. The verse functions as a summary statement or climax of Joshua's farewell address, consolidating the core principles of Israel's covenant with Yahweh. The use of a series of infinitives ("to love," "to walk," "to keep," "to cleave," "to serve") creates a powerful cumulative effect, building a comprehensive and escalating picture of demanded devotion. The phrase "all your heart and with all your soul" is a potent example of merism, a literary device where two contrasting or complementary parts represent the whole, emphasizing the totality and undivided nature of the required commitment. The entire verse serves as a profound didactic exhortation, instructing and reminding the tribes of their fundamental spiritual obligations and the conditions for their continued blessing in the land.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

Joshua 22:5 stands as a profound theological statement, reiterating the core tenets of the Mosaic covenant: that Israel's identity, prosperity, and very existence as God's chosen people are inextricably linked to their faithful obedience and wholehearted devotion to Yahweh alone. It underscores that true worship is not merely ritualistic or external but encompasses every aspect of life, flowing from a deep, covenantal love that manifests in diligent adherence to God's revealed will. This verse encapsulates the Deuteronomic emphasis on a singular, exclusive relationship with God, warning against spiritual syncretism and highlighting the ongoing necessity of intentional fidelity even after the initial conquest and settlement. It establishes a timeless principle that God desires not just compliance, but a passionate, undivided allegiance from His people, recognizing that genuine relationship with Him demands total commitment of one's entire being.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

Joshua's charge to the returning tribes in Joshua 22:5 resonates deeply with believers today, serving as a timeless blueprint for a vibrant and authentic faith. It challenges us to move beyond superficial religiosity to a life characterized by intentional faithfulness and wholehearted devotion. The call to "take diligent heed" reminds us that our spiritual walk requires active engagement with God's Word, careful discernment, and disciplined obedience, rather than passive assent or mere intellectual acknowledgment. Our obedience is not to be a burdensome duty but a joyful response to the command to "love the LORD your God" with every fiber of our being. This comprehensive love should motivate us to "walk in all his ways," aligning our daily choices, attitudes, and priorities with His righteous character and holy standards. Furthermore, the imperative to "cleave unto him" and "serve him with all your heart and with all your soul" calls us to examine our loyalties in a world constantly vying for our attention and affection. It demands an undivided devotion, a steadfast commitment that prioritizes God above all else, recognizing that true life, purpose, and fulfillment are found only in an intimate, unwavering relationship with Him.

Questions for Reflection

  • In what specific areas of your life do you need to "take diligent heed" to God's commands, moving beyond mere casual observance?
  • How does your daily life practically demonstrate your love for the LORD with "all your heart and all your soul," and where might you grow in this?
  • What practical steps can you take to "cleave unto him" more fully, resisting distractions and competing loyalties in your modern context?

FAQ

Why is "cleave unto him" so important in this verse?

Answer: The phrase "cleave unto him" (Hebrew: dâbaq) is profoundly significant because it goes beyond mere obedience to imply a deep, intimate, and unwavering bond of loyalty and devotion. It signifies a steadfast attachment to God alone, rejecting any compromise or turning away to other gods or allegiances. This concept is central to the covenant relationship, where God desires an exclusive and enduring commitment from His people. Just as a husband "cleaves" to his wife in Genesis 2:24, signifying an inseparable union, so too are believers called to an unbreakable spiritual bond with God. It underscores the relational aspect of faith, where devotion is not just about following rules, but about maintaining an intimate, faithful connection with the Divine, prioritizing Him above all else.

What does it mean to "serve him with all your heart and with all your soul"?

Answer: To "serve him with all your heart and with all your soul" is a comprehensive demand for total commitment, echoing the foundational commands of the Mosaic Law. "Heart" (Hebrew: lêbâb) in biblical thought represents the totality of the inner person—intellect, will, emotions, and conscience. "Soul" (Hebrew: nephesh) refers to one's life force, being, or inner self. Therefore, serving God with "all your heart and all your soul" means engaging every faculty of your being in His worship and obedience. It's a call for sincere, internal devotion that translates into external action, ensuring that service is not superficial or grudging but arises from the deepest parts of one's being. This holistic commitment ensures that God is honored in every thought, desire, and action, reflecting the ultimate purpose of human existence as outlined in passages like Deuteronomy 10:12.

How does this verse relate to the concept of the "Shema"?

Answer: Joshua 22:5 is deeply rooted in and directly reflects the spirit and content of the "Shema" found in Deuteronomy 6:4-5. The Shema begins with the foundational declaration of God's singularity ("The LORD our God, the LORD is one") and immediately commands, "You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might." Joshua 22:5 directly echoes this primary command to "love the LORD your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave unto him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul." It expands on the practical implications of that love, showing that it manifests in diligent obedience, a righteous lifestyle, steadfast loyalty, and wholehearted service. Thus, Joshua's exhortation is a powerful restatement and application of the core principle of the Shema, reminding the people of Israel of the singular and total devotion required by their covenant with Yahweh.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

Joshua 22:5, with its earnest call for diligent obedience, wholehearted love, and unwavering loyalty to God, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament law revealed God's perfect standard and humanity's inherent inability to perfectly "take diligent heed" or "serve him with all your heart and with all your soul" due to the pervasive nature of sin, Christ perfectly embodied every aspect of this divine command. Jesus Himself declared that the greatest commandment was to "love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind" Matthew 22:37, a command He perfectly fulfilled in His sinless life, sacrificial death, and victorious resurrection. He is the one who truly "walked in all his ways" 1 Peter 2:21, perfectly "kept his commandments" John 15:10, and "cleaved unto" the Father with absolute devotion, even to the point of obediently embracing death on the cross Philippians 2:8. For believers, our ability to fulfill the spirit of Joshua's charge is not through our own strength or merit, but through our union with Christ. By faith, we are united to Him, receiving His Holy Spirit who empowers us to genuinely love God, walk in His ways, and serve Him with transformed hearts and renewed souls, as He works in us "both to will and to work for his good pleasure" Philippians 2:13. He is the true and perfect Israelite, fulfilling all righteousness on our behalf, enabling us to enter into and truly live out the very covenant relationship that Joshua exhorted the tribes to maintain.

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Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers . Public domain.
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Origen of AlexandriaAD 253
HOMILIES ON JOSHUA 26.2
After these things Jesus [Joshua] assembles the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh, who had served as soldiers with him to overcome the foes of the Israelites, and he dismisses them to go to their inheritance with certain gifts given to them, as it is written. Whereby this seems to indicate the mystery that “when the fullness of the nations will come in,” they receive from the Lord Jesus what was promised to them, those who had been taught and instructed by Moses and who by prayers and entreaties brought aid to us who are placed in the contest. They have not yet “attained the promises,” waiting so that our calling might also be fulfilled, as the apostle says. But now at last with the gifts they receive from Jesus they may attain the perfection that had been deferred for them so that each one may dwell in peace with every war and every battle ceasing.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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