Genesis 46:25

KJV

These [are] the sons of Bilhah, which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob: all the souls [were] seven.

KJV (with Strong's)

These are the sons {H1121} of Bilhah {H1090}, which Laban {H3837} gave {H5414} unto Rachel {H7354} his daughter {H1323}, and she bare {H3205} these unto Jacob {H3290}: all the souls {H5315} were seven {H7651}.

Complete Jewish Bible

These were the sons of Bilhah, whom Lavan gave to Rachel his daughter; she bore them to Ya'akov - in sum, seven people.

Berean Standard Bible

These are the sons of Jacob born to Bilhah, whom Laban gave to his daughter Rachel—seven in all.

American Standard Version

These are the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and these she bare unto Jacob: all the souls were seven.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 46:25 meticulously enumerates the seven individuals who comprised the lineage of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid, as they journeyed with Jacob's household into Egypt. This verse is an integral part of a comprehensive genealogical record within Genesis 46, serving to underscore the divine faithfulness in multiplying Abraham's descendants into a burgeoning nation, even amidst the challenges of famine and the pivotal transition into a foreign land.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Genesis 46:25 is situated within a crucial chapter that meticulously lists all of Jacob's descendants who accompanied him to Egypt, fulfilling Joseph's invitation and God's providential leading. Preceding this verse, the text details the offspring of Leah and Zilpah (Genesis 46:8-24). This specific verse, therefore, completes the enumeration of Jacob's immediate family, focusing on the lineage through Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid. The careful recording of each family branch, regardless of the mother's status, emphasizes the comprehensive nature of this census, which sets the stage for the family's migration and subsequent growth into a nation during their sojourn in Egypt.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The practice of a barren wife giving her handmaid to her husband to bear children on her behalf, as Rachel did with Bilhah (cf. [Genesis 30:1-8](/genesis/30-1-8 "Rachel's struggle with barrenness and the birth of Dan and Naphtali")), was a recognized custom in the ancient Near East, often codified in legal texts like the Code of Hammurabi. This practice aimed to ensure the continuation of the family line and inheritance, highlighting the profound cultural importance placed on progeny. The migration to Egypt itself was a significant historical event, prompted by a severe famine (cf. [Genesis 45:6](/genesis/45-6 "Joseph's explanation of the famine's duration")), and marked the beginning of Israel's formative period as a distinct people group before their eventual Exodus.
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several overarching themes in Genesis. Foremost is the theme of **Divine Faithfulness to Covenant Promises**, particularly God's repeated assurance to Abraham and Jacob that their descendants would become a great nation (cf. [Genesis 12:2](/genesis/12-2 "God's promise to Abraham") and [Genesis 35:11](/genesis/35-11 "God's promise to Jacob")). The meticulous counting, even of smaller family units like Bilhah's, reinforces the idea of God's sovereign oversight in the growth of His chosen people. Another key theme is the **Importance of Genealogy and Lineage**, which serves not merely as a historical record but as a theological framework demonstrating the continuity of God's redemptive plan through specific individuals and families, leading ultimately to the Messiah. The passage also highlights **Providential Guidance**, as the entire journey to Egypt, including this census, is presented as part of God's larger design to preserve and multiply His people.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Genesis 46:25 provides a precise numerical account within the larger genealogical record of Jacob's family migrating to Egypt. The verse states, "These [are] the sons of Bilhah, which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob: all the souls [were] seven." This seemingly straightforward statement carries profound genealogical and theological implications.

#### Key Word Analysis
* **sons (Hebrew, _bên'_):** This term, derived from a root meaning "to build," signifies a son, often implying a builder of the family name or lineage. In this context, it refers to the male offspring of Bilhah, Dan and Naphtali, who were foundational to their respective tribal lines. The word encompasses not just direct sons but can extend to descendants, reflecting the inclusive nature of the count of "seven souls" in this verse.
* **bare (Hebrew, _yâlad'_):** A primitive root meaning "to bear young" or "to beget." Here, it specifically denotes Bilhah's act of giving birth to children for Jacob. This verb highlights the physical reality of procreation, which was central to the fulfillment of God's promise to multiply Jacob's descendants. It underscores the biological continuity of the family line, even when the mother was a handmaid.
* **souls (Hebrew, _nephesh'_):** Properly, "a breathing creature" or "vitality." In this context, _nephesh_ refers to individual persons or living beings. While it can carry broader meanings related to the inner self or spirit, here it functions as a simple count of individuals, emphasizing the life and vitality of each member of Bilhah's branch of Jacob's family. The use of "souls" rather than just "people" can subtly suggest the preciousness of each life in God's eyes.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"These [are] the sons of Bilhah":** This clause directly identifies the individuals being enumerated as the male descendants originating from Bilhah. Bilhah was Rachel's handmaid, given to Jacob as a surrogate mother when Rachel was barren, a common practice in the ancient Near East to secure heirs and maintain family lineage. Her direct sons were Dan and Naphtali.
* **"which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter":** This parenthetical phrase provides crucial background, reminding the reader of Bilhah's origin and her status as a gift from Laban to Rachel. This detail underscores the complex family dynamics within Jacob's household, yet simultaneously highlights the divine orchestration that utilized even human customs to build the covenant family.
* **"and she bare these unto Jacob":** This confirms Bilhah's role as the biological mother of these children, solidifying their connection to Jacob's lineage. Despite her status as a handmaid, her offspring are fully recognized as Jacob's children, integral to the family's census and the unfolding of God's promises.
* **"all the souls [were] seven":** This concluding phrase provides the total count for Bilhah's branch. This number is derived by adding Bilhah's two sons, Dan and Naphtali, to their respective children who also migrated to Egypt. Dan had one son (Hushim), and Naphtali had four sons (Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem). Thus, 2 (sons) + 1 (Dan's son) + 4 (Naphtali's sons) = 7 individuals, affirming the meticulous nature of the biblical record.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in this verse, and indeed throughout Genesis 46, is **Enumeration** or **Cataloging**. This detailed listing of individuals is not merely a dry historical record but serves a profound theological purpose. It emphasizes the tangible fulfillment of God's covenant promises to multiply Abraham's and Jacob's descendants. The precision of the count, down to "seven souls," highlights the **Meticulousness** of the divine record and God's attention to every individual within His chosen lineage. Furthermore, the inclusion of the phrase "which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter" functions as a brief **Parenthetical Explanation**, providing essential historical and relational context without interrupting the primary flow of the genealogical list. This detail subtly reminds the reader of the complex human relationships and cultural practices that God sovereignly worked through to build His people.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Genesis 46:25, while a seemingly simple genealogical entry, deeply underscores God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant promises and His meticulous attention to the unfolding of His redemptive plan. The precise counting of each family member, including those born through handmaids, demonstrates that every individual, regardless of their social standing or the circumstances of their birth, is significant in God's grand design for His people. This careful enumeration serves as tangible evidence that God was actively fulfilling His promise to multiply Jacob's descendants into a great nation, even as they faced the immediate challenge of famine and prepared for a long sojourn in a foreign land. It highlights the divine orchestration of history, ensuring the preservation and growth of the chosen lineage through whom the Messiah would ultimately come.

* [Genesis 12:2](/genesis/12-2 "God's Promise to Abraham: A Great Nation")
* [Genesis 35:11](/genesis/35-11 "God's Promise to Jacob: A Multitude of Nations")
* [Exodus 1:7](/exodus/1-7 "Israel Multiplies in Egypt")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
This seemingly simple verse, like all biblical genealogies, offers profound insights into God's character and His interaction with humanity. It reminds us of God's meticulous attention to detail and His sovereign hand guiding history. Every individual, even those born through complex family arrangements like Bilhah's, plays a part in God's grand design. For us today, this reinforces the comforting truth that God knows each of us by name and has a specific purpose for our lives. It also highlights the fulfillment of God's promises across generations, demonstrating His faithfulness even when circumstances seem dire, just as they did for Jacob's family facing famine. We can trust that God's plans, though sometimes unfolding slowly, will ultimately come to fruition, just as He promised to make Jacob a multitude of nations. This should encourage us to find our place within God's larger story, trusting His providence even when our own circumstances seem uncertain or challenging.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous nature of biblical genealogies, like the one in Genesis 46:25, deepen your understanding of God's character and His commitment to His promises?**
* **In what ways does this verse, part of a larger census, remind you that God cares for individuals within a larger community or plan?**
* **How can the fulfillment of God's promise to multiply Jacob's family, even through complex circumstances, encourage you in areas where you are waiting for God's promises to unfold in your own life?**

### FAQ
**Why are genealogies so important in the Bible?**

Answer: Genealogies in the Bible serve several crucial purposes beyond mere historical record-keeping. They establish legal and historical continuity, particularly for land inheritance, tribal identity, and the priestly line. Most importantly, they trace the lineage of the covenant promises, demonstrating God's faithfulness through generations and ultimately providing the framework for the promised Messiah. They affirm the literal fulfillment of divine promises and provide a continuous narrative of God's unfolding plan of salvation, showing how seemingly disparate individuals contribute to a larger, divinely orchestrated story, as seen in the detailed list of those who went down to Egypt in [Genesis 46](/genesis/46 "Jacob's Family Goes to Egypt").

**What does the term "souls" (nephesh) specifically mean in this context?**

Answer: In Genesis 46:25, the Hebrew term "souls" (_nephesh_) refers to individual persons or living beings. While _nephesh_ can encompass broader concepts such as the spirit, inner being, or even life itself, here it functions as a simple numerical count of individuals. It emphasizes that each person listed is a living, vital member of Jacob's expanding family, contributing to the total population migrating to Egypt. This usage is common in the Old Testament when counting people, such as in [Exodus 1:5](/exodus/1-5 "All the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The meticulous accounting of Jacob's descendants, including those from Bilhah, points forward to the ultimate fulfillment of God's covenant promises in Jesus Christ. This detailed genealogy underscores God's faithfulness in preserving a chosen lineage through whom the Messiah would eventually come, demonstrating that every individual life contributes to His sovereign plan. The growth of Jacob's family into a "great nation" in Egypt was a necessary precursor to the birth of the "seed" promised to Abraham, through whom all nations would be blessed (cf. [Galatians 3:16](/galatians/3-16 "The promises were made to Abraham and to his offspring. It does not say, 'And to offsprings,' referring to many, but referring to one, 'And to your offspring,' who is Christ.")). Christ, as the ultimate Son of Abraham and Jacob (cf. [Matthew 1:1](/matthew/1-1 "The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham")), embodies the culmination of God's redemptive plan, fulfilling the purpose of these genealogies. Through His atoning sacrifice and resurrection, He extends the blessings of the covenant to all who believe, transcending tribal and national boundaries, making a new spiritual family from every tongue, tribe, people, and nation (cf. [Revelation 7:9](/revelation/7-9 "A great multitude from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 29:29

And Laban gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be her maid.

Genesis 35:22

And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine: and Israel heard [it]. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve:

Genesis 30:3

And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her.

Genesis 30:8

And Rachel said, With great wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister, and I have prevailed: and she called his name Naphtali.

Genesis 35:25

And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali:

Exodus 1:2

Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,