Genesis 31:47

KJV

And Laban called it Jegarsahadutha: but Jacob called it Galeed.

KJV (with Strong's)

And Laban {H3837} called {H7121} it Jegarsahadutha {H3026}: but Jacob {H3290} called {H7121} it Galeed {H1567}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Lavan called it Y'gar-Sahaduta ["pile of witness" in Aramaic], while Ya'akov called it Gal-'Ed ["pile of witness" in Hebrew].

Berean Standard Bible

Laban called it Jegar-sahadutha, and Jacob called it Galeed.

American Standard Version

And Laban called it Jegar-saha-dutha: but Jacob called it Galeed.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 31:47 records a significant moment in the strained relationship between Jacob and Laban, detailing the naming of a heap of stones by both men. Laban, speaking Aramaic, named it "Jegarsahadutha," while Jacob, speaking Hebrew, named it "Galeed." Both names carry the identical meaning of "heap of witness" or "heap of testimony," signifying the establishment of a covenant of peace and non-aggression. This act solidified a tangible boundary and a mutual agreement, underscoring the importance of clear covenants and the role of God as a witness to human affairs, bridging linguistic and cultural divides.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** [Genesis 31:47](/genesis/31-47 "The Naming of the Witness Heap") is situated at the climax of a protracted and often contentious relationship between Jacob and his father-in-law, Laban. Following two decades of service, during which Jacob felt exploited and deceived, he secretly departed Laban’s household with his family and extensive possessions. Laban pursued him relentlessly for seven days, eventually catching up in the hill country of Gilead. The preceding verses detail the tense confrontation, where Laban accuses Jacob of theft and deceit, and Jacob passionately defends his integrity and recounts Laban's repeated changes to his wages ([Genesis 31:25-42](/genesis/31-25-42 "Laban's Pursuit and Jacob's Rebuke")). Crucially, God intervened, warning Laban in a dream not to harm Jacob ([Genesis 31:24](/genesis/31-24 "God's Warning to Laban")). The naming of the heap of stones, along with the subsequent covenant meal and the "Mizpah" pronouncement in [Genesis 31:48-55](/genesis/31-48-55 "The Covenant at Mizpah"), marks the resolution of this conflict and the formal separation of the two households, allowing Jacob to continue his journey back to Canaan.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The practice of erecting stone heaps or pillars as memorials, boundary markers, or witnesses to covenants was a common and deeply ingrained custom in the ancient Near East. These monuments served as tangible, enduring symbols of agreements, oaths, or significant events, often invoking divine oversight to reinforce their binding nature. In a pre-literate or semi-literate society, such physical markers were crucial for establishing and remembering legal and social contracts. The linguistic duality in [Genesis 31:47](/genesis/31-47 "The Heap of Witness")—Laban speaking Aramaic and Jacob speaking Hebrew—reflects the cultural crossroads of the region. Laban, from Paddan-Aram (Mesopotamia), represented the Aramean culture, while Jacob, though residing there, was of Hebrew stock, destined to be the patriarch of Israel. This linguistic distinction highlights the diverse cultural tapestry of the ancient world and the practical need for mutual understanding in inter-ethnic agreements. The location, Gilead, was a significant geographical region east of the Jordan River, often serving as a borderland.

* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Covenant and Reconciliation**, demonstrating how even deeply fractured relationships can find a path to peace and mutual understanding through formal agreements, albeit imperfect ones. Secondly, the concept of **Witness and Testimony** is central; the heap of stones serves as a physical witness to the verbal covenant, with God Himself invoked as the ultimate witness to human integrity and promises ([Genesis 31:49](/genesis/31-49 "The Mizpah covenant")). Thirdly, the verse highlights **Linguistic and Cultural Identity**, showcasing the distinct heritage of Jacob and Laban while simultaneously demonstrating their ability to bridge these differences for a common purpose. Finally, it reinforces the theme of **Divine Providence and Protection**, as God's intervention was instrumental in preventing Laban from harming Jacob, ensuring the covenant was made in peace rather than conflict, thereby safeguarding the lineage through which His promises would be fulfilled.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
The precise wording of Genesis 31:47 reveals the culmination of a tense encounter, solidifying a covenant through a shared understanding, despite linguistic differences. The act of naming the heap of stones by both parties signifies their mutual agreement and the solemnity of the occasion.

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Jegarsahadutha (Aramaic, _Yᵉgar Sahădûwthâʼ'_):** This Aramaic term, used by Laban, literally means "heap of the testimony" or "heap of witness." It is derived from a root meaning "to gather" (referring to the heap) and a word corresponding to "witness." Laban's use of Aramaic reflects his cultural and linguistic background from Paddan-Aram, emphasizing the shared understanding of the covenant's purpose even across linguistic boundaries.
* **Galeed (Hebrew, _Galʻêd'_):** This Hebrew term, used by Jacob, is a compound word formed from *gal* (גַּל), meaning "heap," and *ed* (עֵד), meaning "witness" or "testimony." Thus, "Galeed" precisely mirrors the meaning of "Jegarsahadutha." Jacob's choice of Hebrew underscores his identity as the patriarch of the nascent Israelite nation and the distinct linguistic heritage he carries.
* **called (Hebrew, _qârâʼ'_):** This primitive root signifies "to call out to," "to address by name," or "to proclaim." In this context, it denotes the solemn act of naming the monument, which serves to declare its purpose and significance publicly and formally. The repetition of "called" for both Laban and Jacob emphasizes their joint participation and agreement in establishing the covenant and its physical marker.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And Laban called it Jegarsahadutha:"** This clause details Laban's action in naming the heap of stones. His choice of the Aramaic "Jegarsahadutha" (heap of witness) highlights his cultural and linguistic heritage from Paddan-Aram. This act is not merely a linguistic preference but a formal declaration of the monument's purpose from his perspective, signifying his commitment to the covenant being established. It underscores the shared understanding of the monument's function, despite the language barrier.
* **"but Jacob called it Galeed."** This clause presents Jacob's parallel action, naming the same heap of stones. His use of the Hebrew "Galeed" (heap of witness) reflects his identity as a Hebrew patriarch. The conjunction "but" emphasizes the linguistic distinction while simultaneously affirming the identical meaning and shared purpose of the naming. This duality highlights the agreement reached between two individuals from different cultural backgrounds, signifying a mutual commitment to the terms of their covenant.

#### Literary Devices
The verse effectively employs several literary devices to convey its meaning and significance. **Bilingualism** is prominently featured, with the same concept ("heap of witness") expressed in two distinct languages, Aramaic (Jegarsahadutha) and Hebrew (Galeed). This linguistic contrast not only highlights the cultural backgrounds of Laban and Jacob but also underscores their shared understanding and agreement despite their differences. **Symbolism** is central, as the physical heap of stones serves as a powerful symbol of the covenant, a tangible witness to their vows, and a boundary marker. The very act of naming it by both parties imbues it with symbolic weight. Furthermore, a form of **Parallelism** is evident in the structure "Laban called it X; but Jacob called it Y," where X and Y are semantic equivalents. This structural repetition emphasizes the dual naming and the mutual agreement, reinforcing the idea that both men acknowledged the same purpose for the monument.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Genesis 31:47, while detailing a specific historical event, resonates with profound theological and thematic truths. It illustrates the biblical emphasis on the importance of covenants, not merely as legal agreements, but as sacred bonds established under divine witness. The dual naming of the heap of stones, "Jegarsahadutha" and "Galeed," signifies a mutual commitment to peace and non-aggression, even between estranged parties. This act of reconciliation, though imperfect and born out of necessity, foreshadows the broader biblical narrative of God's covenant faithfulness and His desire for humanity to live in peace. It underscores that true agreements require clear terms and a shared understanding, even across cultural and linguistic divides. The invocation of God as a witness, implied in the very meaning of "heap of witness," highlights divine oversight in human affairs and the accountability of individuals before their Creator for their promises.

* [Joshua 24:27](/joshua/24-27 "Joshua's Stone of Witness")
* [Deuteronomy 31:19](/deuteronomy/31-19 "The Song of Witness")
* [Malachi 2:14](/malachi/2-14 "God as Witness to Covenant")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The naming of Jegarsahadutha/Galeed offers timeless lessons for contemporary life, emphasizing the critical value of defining terms and establishing clear boundaries in all relationships—be they personal, familial, or professional. This passage encourages us to proactively prevent future misunderstandings and conflicts by articulating expectations and limits. It serves as a powerful reminder to honor our commitments, recognizing that our words carry significant weight and that our agreements, whether formal or informal, are observed by a higher power. Just as Jacob and Laban, despite their deep-seated differences and linguistic barriers, found common ground for peace, we are called to seek reconciliation and mutual respect even with those who hold vastly different backgrounds or beliefs. This narrative underscores the universal call to pursue understanding, practice forgiveness, and live peaceably with all, remembering that our integrity in agreements reflects our character and our reverence for the God who sees and witnesses all. This principle is beautifully echoed in the reminder that [God is a God of covenant and faithfulness](/deuteronomy/7-9 "God's Faithfulness to His Covenant"), always honoring His word.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life do you need to establish clearer boundaries or define terms more explicitly to prevent conflict?**
* **How does the concept of a "heap of witness" encourage you to live with greater integrity in your promises and agreements?**
* **Considering the linguistic and cultural differences between Jacob and Laban, how can you seek common ground and foster reconciliation in your own relationships, especially with those who are very different from you?**

### FAQ
**Why are two different names given for the same heap of stones?**

Answer: The two names, Jegarsahadutha (Aramaic) and Galeed (Hebrew), are given because Laban and Jacob spoke different languages, reflecting their distinct cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Both names mean "heap of witness" or "heap of testimony," demonstrating that despite their linguistic differences, they had a shared understanding and agreement regarding the purpose of the monument and the covenant it represented. This linguistic duality underscores the mutual assent to the terms of the peace treaty.

**What was the primary purpose of the heap of stones and the covenant made there?**

Answer: The primary purpose of the heap of stones was to serve as a tangible, physical witness to a covenant of peace and non-aggression established between Jacob and Laban. It marked a clear boundary that neither man was to cross with hostile intent, ensuring the safety and separation of their families and possessions. This monument also invoked God as a divine witness to their solemn agreement, reinforcing its binding nature and the accountability of both parties to their vows, as seen when Laban appeals to [the God of Abraham and the God of Nahor](/genesis/31-53 "Laban's Oath to God").

**Does this story have relevance for modern relationships and agreements?**

Answer: Yes, this story offers significant relevance for modern relationships and agreements. It underscores the importance of clear communication, establishing explicit boundaries, and honoring commitments. The concept of a "witness" reminds us that integrity in our agreements is paramount, and that our words carry weight, whether or not a physical monument exists. It also highlights the possibility of reconciliation and finding common ground even between individuals or groups with significant differences, encouraging us to seek peace and understanding in all our interactions, echoing the New Testament call to [live peaceably with all](/romans/12-18 "Paul's Exhortation to Peace").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Genesis 31:47 describes a historical covenant between men, it powerfully foreshadows deeper theological truths ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ. The "heap of witness," whether called Jegarsahadutha or Galeed, points to the ultimate and perfect witness, Jesus Christ, who is Himself "the faithful and true witness" ([Revelation 3:14](/revelation/3-14 "Christ, the Faithful and True Witness")) and the very embodiment of God's testimony to humanity. Just as the heap established a covenant of peace and a boundary between Jacob and Laban, Christ Himself is our peace, having broken down the dividing wall of hostility—both between God and humanity and between different peoples—through His atoning work on the cross ([Ephesians 2:14](/ephesians/2-14 "Christ Our Peace")). The reconciliation achieved between Jacob and Laban, though imperfect and temporary, prefigures the perfect and eternal reconciliation offered through Christ's sacrifice, where the ultimate covenant of grace is established, not by a heap of stones or human promises, but by His precious blood, bringing eternal testimony to God's unwavering faithfulness and His profound love for a fallen world ([Hebrews 9:15](/hebrews/9-15 "Christ, Mediator of the New Covenant")). He is the true "heap of witness," the living monument to God's redemptive plan.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Hebrews 12:1

¶ Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset [us], and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,