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1 Chronicles 3

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Sons of David Born in Hebron 1–4

1
Now these were the sons of David, that were born unto him in Hebron: the first-born, Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second, Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess; ​
2
the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith;
3
the fifth, Shephatiah of Abital; the sixth, Ithream by Eglah his wife:
4
six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months. And in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years; ​

Sons of David Born in Jerusalem 5–9

5
and these were born unto him in Jerusalem: Shimea, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, four, of Bath-shua the daughter of Ammiel; ​
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and Ibhar, and Elishama, and Eliphelet,
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and Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia,
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and Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphelet, nine.
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All these were the sons of David, besides the sons of the concubines; and Tamar was their sister. ​

The Royal Line of Judah 10–16

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And Solomon’s son was Rehoboam, Abijah his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat his son, ​
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Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son,
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Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son,
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Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son,
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Amon his son, Josiah his son.
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And the sons of Josiah: the first-born Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. ​
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And the sons of Jehoiakim: Jeconiah his son, Zedekiah his son. ​

The Post-Exilic Line 17–24

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And the sons of Jeconiah, the captive: Shealtiel his son, ​
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and Malchiram, and Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
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And the sons of Pedaiah: Zerubbabel, and Shimei. And the sons of Zerubbabel: Meshullam, and Hananiah; and Shelomith was their sister; ​
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and Hashubah, and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, Jushab-hesed, five.
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And the sons of Hananiah: Pelatiah, and Jeshaiah; the sons of Rephaiah, the sons of Arnan, the sons of Obadiah, the sons of Shecaniah.
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And the sons of Shecaniah: Shemaiah. And the sons of Shemaiah: Hattush, and Igal, and Bariah, and Neariah, and Shaphat, six.
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And the sons of Neariah: Elioenai, and Hizkiah, and Azrikam, three.
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And the sons of Elioenai: Hodaviah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub, and Johanan, and Delaiah, and Anani, seven. ​

Bible text: American Standard Version (1901) · Public domain

Study Notes for 1 Chronicles 3

Verse 1

born unto him in Hebron — Six sons are listed in vv.1–3. The second, Daniel, is Chileab in 2 Sam 3:3, 'of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite'. Ahinoam and Abigail went up to Hebron with David (2 Sam 2:2), where 'the men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah' (2 Sam 2:4).

Verse 4

in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years — The two reigns make up David's forty years (1 Kgs 2:11). 2 Sam 5:5 gives the same figures with the extra six months at Hebron, 'over Judah', and the thirty-three years at Jerusalem 'over all Israel and Judah'. The sons born at Jerusalem follow in v.5.

Verse 5

Bathshua the daughter of Ammiel — Bath-shua is the Bathsheba of 2 Sam 11:3, there 'the daughter of Eliam'; the two names are the same Hebrew parts in reverse (God-of-the-people, people-of-God). Solomon was named before his birth: 'a man of rest… his name shall be Solomon' (1 Chr 22:9). Nathan stands in Luke's line to Christ (Luke 3:31), Solomon in Matthew's (Matt 1:6).

Verse 9

Tamar their sister — Tamar is the only daughter named, the sister of Absalom (2 Sam 13:1), whom her brother Amnon 'forced' (2 Sam 13:14). 2 Sam 5:13 tells of the concubines and wives David took at Jerusalem, when 'there were yet sons and daughters born to David'.

Verse 10

Solomon's son was Rehoboam — From here the list runs father to son, the line of the promise: 'thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee' (2 Sam 7:16). Abia is the Abijam of 1 Kgs 15:1, and Matthew gives the same four names, 'Roboam begat Abia; and Abia begat Asa' (Matt 1:7).

Verse 15

the sons of Josiah — Three of the four reigned, and each had a second name: Shallum reigned as Jehoahaz (Jer 22:11; 2 Kgs 23:30), Eliakim was renamed Jehoiakim (2 Kgs 23:34), and Mattaniah was renamed Zedekiah (2 Kgs 24:17). The list does not follow the order of their reigns: Shallum came first, Zedekiah last.

Verse 16

the sons of Jehoiakim — Jeconiah is Jehoiachin, who 'reigned in his stead' (2 Kgs 24:6), called Coniah in Jer 22:24. The Zedekiah who follows is taken as the last king, Josiah's son (v.15) and Jehoiachin's 'father's brother' (2 Kgs 24:17). 'Brother' and 'son' reach across a generation: 2 Chr 36:10 calls him Jehoiachin's 'brother', as Gen 14:14 calls Lot Abram's 'brother'.

Verse 17

the sons of Jeconiah — Jeremiah's word was that no man of his seed would prosper 'sitting upon the throne of David' (Jer 22:30). His sons are named all the same, and Salathiel (Shealtiel) is the father of Zerubbabel in Matt 1:12 and Luke 3:27, who came back as 'governor of Judah' (Hag 1:1), not as king.

Verse 19

the sons of Pedaiah were, Zerubbabel — Elsewhere Zerubbabel is 'the son of Shealtiel' (Ezra 3:2; Hag 2:23), and Pedaiah is Shealtiel's brother (v.18), so he may be counted to Shealtiel's house (Deut 25:5–6). Haggai reverses Jeremiah on Coniah, the 'signet' to be plucked off (Jer 22:24): of Zerubbabel the LORD says, 'will make thee as a signet: for I have chosen thee' (Hag 2:23).

Verse 24

the sons of Elioenai — The record of David's house after the exile closes with Elioenai's seven sons, the last named Anani. Elioenai is the son of Neariah (v.23), who is the son of Shemaiah and grandson of Shechaniah (v.22). Hattush, Shemaiah's first-named son, is evidently the 'Hattush' of Ezra 8:2, 'of the sons of David' who went up from Babylon.