Amos 5:24

KJV

But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream.

KJV (with Strong's)

But let judgment {H4941} run down {H1556} as waters {H4325}, and righteousness {H6666} as a mighty {H386} stream {H5158}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Instead, let justice well up like water, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.

Berean Standard Bible

But let justice roll on like a river, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.

American Standard Version

But let justice roll down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Amos 5:24 stands as a profound prophetic declaration, asserting God's ultimate desire for His people: not superficial religious observance, but a pervasive, unceasing flow of ethical conduct and equitable treatment for all. This iconic verse encapsulates the divine demand for genuine justice and righteousness to permeate every facet of society, contrasting sharply with the empty ritualism and social oppression prevalent in ancient Israel. It calls for a societal transformation where God's moral character is reflected in the daily lives and interactions of His covenant people.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Amos 5:24 serves as the climactic summation of God's indictment against the Northern Kingdom of Israel's spiritual hypocrisy and social injustice. Immediately preceding this verse, in [Amos 5:21-23](/amos/5-21-23 "Amos 5:21-23 - God Rejects Israel's Worship"), the Lord vehemently rejects Israel's elaborate religious festivals, solemn assemblies, burnt offerings, and musical worship. He declares them detestable, not because He despises worship itself, but because their outward piety was a hollow facade, utterly disconnected from their rampant oppression of the poor and their perversion of justice. Amos 5:24 then presents the divine alternative and true requirement: what God truly desires is an overflowing, unceasing commitment to justice and righteousness, which alone can make their worship acceptable. This verse thus functions as a powerful pivot, moving from divine rejection of false worship to the divine demand for authentic, ethically grounded faith.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The prophet Amos ministered during the reign of Jeroboam II in the Northern Kingdom of Israel (c. 760-750 BC), a period characterized by significant economic prosperity and territorial expansion. However, this affluence was not equitably distributed; it led to widespread social stratification, with the wealthy elite exploiting and oppressing the poor and vulnerable. Corruption permeated the legal system, the powerful manipulated justice, and religious practices became divorced from ethical living, serving more as a cultural norm than a genuine expression of covenant faithfulness. Amos, a shepherd and fig-picker from the Southern Kingdom of Judah, was called by God to confront this moral decay, challenging a society that had grown complacent in its prosperity while simultaneously violating the core tenets of the Mosaic Covenant, particularly those concerning justice and care for the marginalized.
* **Key Themes:** Amos 5:24 contributes significantly to several major themes woven throughout the book of Amos and the broader prophetic tradition. Foremost is the theme of **Authentic Worship vs. Ritualism**, powerfully asserting that God values genuine justice and righteousness far above mere ceremonial observance. True devotion is demonstrated through ethical action and a commitment to fairness in society, reflecting the divine character. Another crucial theme is the **Nature of Justice and Righteousness**, portrayed through the vivid imagery of "waters" and a "mighty stream," emphasizing that these qualities should be constant, abundant, and forceful, permeating all aspects of life and society. This vision contrasts sharply with the sporadic and superficial acts of charity or the perverted justice Amos witnessed. Finally, the verse underscores **God's Unyielding Standard for His Covenant People**, revealing that their relationship with Him must translate into compassionate and just relationships with one another, especially the vulnerable. This aligns with other prophetic calls for justice, such as [Micah 6:8](/micah/6-8 "Micah 6:8 - What the Lord Requires"), and [Isaiah 1:17](/isaiah/1-17 "Isaiah 1:17 - Seek Justice").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Judgment (Hebrew, _mishpâṭ'_):** From H4941, this term refers to a verdict pronounced judicially, encompassing human and divine law, sentences, decrees, and the act of administering justice. It signifies what is right and fair, especially in a legal or social context, including the upholding of rights and privileges. In Amos 5:24, it speaks to the practical, public manifestation of justice – the equitable application of law, the impartial resolution of disputes, and the protection of the vulnerable. It's about ensuring societal structures and interactions are fair and just.
* **Run down (Hebrew, _gâlal'_):** From H1556, this primitive root means "to roll" (literally or figuratively), to cause something to flow or move continuously. In this context, it implies a natural, unhindered, and pervasive movement. The imagery suggests that judgment should not be an occasional act or a trickle, but a constant, rolling, and unstoppable force, like a river flowing downhill, permeating every part of the landscape.
* **Righteousness (Hebrew, _tsᵉdâqâh'_):** From H6666, this term denotes rightness, rectitude, moral uprightness, and conformity to God's holy character and standards. While often paired with _mishpâṭ_ (justice), _tsᵉdâqâh_ emphasizes the ethical and moral quality of actions, relationships, and one's character. It is about living in accordance with God's will, not just in legal or social dealings, but in all aspects of life, reflecting integrity and virtue. Together, _mishpâṭ_ and _tsᵉdâqâh_ represent a comprehensive vision of a truly just and moral society rooted in God's character.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But let judgment run down as waters":** This clause presents a powerful imperative for the pervasive and natural flow of justice. The term "judgment" (_mishpâṭ_) here refers to the active administration of justice, the upholding of rights, and the equitable treatment of all, particularly the marginalized. The phrase "run down" (_gâlal_) vividly portrays this justice as a continuous, unhindered, and abundant flow, like water cascading down a slope. It implies that justice should not be a rare or obstructed occurrence, but a constant, self-evident reality in society, accessible to all and permeating every interaction.
* **"and righteousness as a mighty stream":** This second clause parallels and intensifies the first, emphasizing the depth and power of ethical living. "Righteousness" (_tsᵉdâqâh_) speaks to moral integrity, conformity to God's character, and ethical uprightness in all relationships. The comparison to a "mighty stream" (_nachal_ combined with _ʼêythân_) suggests a powerful, enduring, and unstoppable torrent. Unlike a seasonal wadi that dries up, a mighty stream flows perpetually and with great force, carving its path. This imagery conveys that righteousness should be robust, consistent, and impactful, not a weak or intermittent trickle, but a dominant force that shapes the moral landscape of the community.

#### Literary Devices
Amos 5:24 is rich in **Metaphor** and **Parallelism**, which amplify its profound message. The central **Metaphor** compares "judgment" to "waters" and "righteousness" to a "mighty stream." This imagery is highly effective because water is essential for life, cleansing, and growth, and its natural flow is unstoppable. By likening justice and righteousness to such a force, Amos conveys that these qualities should be abundant, pervasive, life-giving, and irresistible, contrasting sharply with the stagnant pools of injustice and corruption he observed. Furthermore, the verse employs **Synonymous Parallelism**, where the second half of the verse reiterates and intensifies the meaning of the first. "Judgment as waters" is mirrored and strengthened by "righteousness as a mighty stream." This doubling emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's demand: both the legal/social aspect of justice (_mishpâṭ_) and the moral/ethical aspect of righteousness (_tsᵉdâqâh_) must flow together, powerfully and continuously, through the community. The use of these devices makes the divine imperative not only clear but also incredibly vivid and memorable.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Amos 5:24 is a cornerstone of biblical social justice, revealing a fundamental aspect of God's character and His expectations for His people. It underscores that true piety is inextricably linked to ethical action and a commitment to justice in society. God is not merely concerned with ritualistic adherence but with the transformation of hearts and the establishment of a just social order that reflects His own righteousness. This verse challenges any notion that spiritual devotion can be compartmentalized from daily conduct or that worship can be acceptable while injustice flourishes. It posits that the very essence of covenant relationship demands a societal flow of equity and moral integrity, demonstrating that genuine faith is active and transformative, seeking the flourishing of all people, especially the vulnerable.

* [Micah 6:8](/micah/6-8 "Micah 6:8 - What the Lord Requires")
* [Isaiah 1:17](/isaiah/1-17 "Isaiah 1:17 - Seek Justice, Relieve the Oppressed")
* [Proverbs 21:3](/proverbs/21-3 "Proverbs 21:3 - To Do Righteousness and Justice")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Amos 5:24 remains profoundly relevant for believers today, serving as a timeless challenge to examine the authenticity of our faith and the depth of our commitment to God's kingdom. It compels us to move beyond superficial religious displays and self-serving spirituality to a deep, active pursuit of justice and righteousness in our personal lives, communities, and the broader world. This verse calls us to embody the very character of God, who is just and righteous, in our daily interactions, advocating for the oppressed, challenging systemic injustices, and ensuring fairness in all our dealings. It reminds us that true faith is not merely intellectual assent or ritualistic participation, but is demonstrated through ethical action and a passion for God's justice to flow unhindered, impacting every facet of society. We are called to be channels through which God's justice and righteousness can "run down" and flow "as a mighty stream," transforming the world around us.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life or community do I see a lack of "judgment" (justice) or "righteousness" (moral uprightness) flowing like a stream?**
* **How might my personal spiritual practices be disconnected from my commitment to social justice, and what steps can I take to bridge that gap?**
* **What specific actions can I take this week to contribute to the "mighty stream" of justice and righteousness in my sphere of influence?**
* **How does the imagery of "waters" and a "mighty stream" challenge my understanding of what it means for justice to be truly pervasive and powerful?**

### FAQ

**What is the difference between "judgment" and "righteousness" in this verse?**

Answer: While often paired and closely related, "judgment" (Hebrew: _mishpâṭ_) primarily refers to the administration of justice in a legal or social sense—the fair and equitable application of laws, the upholding of rights, and the impartial resolution of disputes. It's about doing what is right and fair, especially for those who cannot defend themselves. "Righteousness" (Hebrew: _tsᵉdâqâh_), on the other hand, denotes moral uprightness, integrity, and conformity to God's holy character and standards. It speaks to the ethical quality of actions and relationships, reflecting a virtuous character. Together, they represent a comprehensive vision of a just and moral society: _mishpâṭ_ is justice in action, while _tsᵉdâqâh_ is the ethical foundation and character from which that justice flows.

**How does Amos 5:24 relate to modern social justice movements?**

Answer: Amos 5:24 is often cited as a foundational text for Christian engagement in social justice. Its call for justice and righteousness to flow like an unstoppable river directly challenges systemic oppression, economic inequality, and any form of injustice that hinders human flourishing. The verse implies that true faith demands active participation in dismantling unjust structures and advocating for the marginalized. While the specific contexts differ, the underlying principle—that God demands ethical action and fairness from His people—remains profoundly relevant. It inspires believers to work for a society where all people are treated with dignity and have access to justice, echoing the concerns found throughout the prophetic books.

**Is this verse primarily about individual morality or societal transformation?**

Answer: Amos 5:24 speaks to both individual morality and societal transformation, though its primary thrust is societal. The imagery of "waters" and a "mighty stream" suggests a pervasive, collective reality rather than isolated acts. Amos was prophesying to a nation, addressing systemic issues of injustice and hypocrisy within their religious, legal, and economic structures. While individual acts of righteousness contribute to this flow, the verse ultimately calls for a transformation of the entire community, where justice and righteousness become the defining characteristics of its public life and institutions. It implies that true faith must manifest in a collective commitment to creating a just society, not just in personal piety.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Amos 5:24, with its powerful call for justice and righteousness to flow like an unstoppable stream, finds its ultimate embodiment and fulfillment in Jesus Christ. While Amos prophesied to a nation failing to live up to its covenant obligations, Jesus perfectly lived out and inaugurated the very kingdom where such justice and righteousness reign. His teachings, particularly in the [Sermon on the Mount](/matthew/5-7 "Matthew 5-7 - The Sermon on the Mount"), consistently emphasized the pursuit of righteousness, declaring blessings upon those who "hunger and thirst for righteousness" ([Matthew 5:6](/matthew/5-6 "Matthew 5:6 - Blessed are those who hunger for righteousness")). Jesus's earthly ministry was characterized by His active pursuit of justice, as He consistently championed the marginalized, healed the sick, and challenged the oppressive religious and social structures of His day, fulfilling the prophecy of [Isaiah 61:1-2](/isaiah/61-1-2 "Isaiah 61:1-2 - The Spirit of the Lord is Upon Me"), which He read in [Luke 4:18-19](/luke/4-18-19 "Luke 4:18-19 - Jesus's Mission Statement"). Moreover, the profound righteousness God demands is ultimately provided through Christ's atoning work, where He became sin for us "so that in him we might become the righteousness of God" ([2 Corinthians 5:21](/2_corinthians/5-21 "2 Corinthians 5:21 - Christ Our Righteousness")). Thus, through faith in Him, believers are not only declared righteous but are also empowered by the Holy Spirit to live lives that manifest God's justice and righteousness in the world, becoming agents of the very stream Amos envisioned, reflecting the love and equity of the King who commands it ([John 13:34-35](/john/13-34-35 "John 13:34-35 - The New Commandment")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Micah 6:8

He hath shewed thee, O man, what [is] good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?

Jeremiah 22:3

Thus saith the LORD; Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no violence to the stranger, the fatherless, nor the widow, neither shed innocent blood in this place.

Hosea 6:6

For I desired mercy, and not sacrifice; and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.

Proverbs 21:3

¶ To do justice and judgment [is] more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice.

Job 29:12

Because I delivered the poor that cried, and the fatherless, and [him that had] none to help him.

Job 29:17

And I brake the jaws of the wicked, and plucked the spoil out of his teeth.

Mark 12:32

And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he: