2 Chronicles 4:19

KJV

And Solomon made all the vessels that [were for] the house of God, the golden altar also, and the tables whereon the shewbread [was set];

KJV (with Strong's)

And Solomon {H8010} made {H6213} all the vessels {H3627} that were for the house {H1004} of God {H430}, the golden {H2091} altar {H4196} also, and the tables {H7979} whereon the shewbread {H3899}{H6440} was set;

Complete Jewish Bible

Shlomo made all the objects that were inside the house of God: the gold altar; the table on which the showbread was displayed;

Berean Standard Bible

Solomon also made all the furnishings for the house of God: the golden altar; the tables on which was placed the Bread of the Presence;

American Standard Version

And Solomon made all the vessels that were in the house of God, the golden altar also, and the tables whereon was the showbread;

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Second Chronicles 4:19 offers a meticulous glimpse into the lavish furnishings of Solomon's Temple, specifically highlighting the "golden altar" and the "tables whereon the shewbread was set." This verse is part of a broader descriptive passage that underscores the immense value, sacred purpose, and divine blueprint behind every element within the House of God, signifying both the king's devotion and the profound spiritual realities facilitated by these holy vessels for Israel's worship and communion with the Almighty.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within a detailed architectural and furnishing account of Solomon's Temple construction, spanning [2 Chronicles 3](/2_chronicles/3 "2 Chronicles 3 - Temple Construction Begins") and [2 Chronicles 4](/2_chronicles/4 "2 Chronicles 4 - Temple Furnishings"). Having described the main structure and larger bronze elements like the "molten sea" and the "pillars" in preceding verses ([2 Chronicles 4:2-10](/2_chronicles/4-2 "2 Chronicles 4:2-10 - The Molten Sea and Pillars")), the narrative here shifts to the precious, internal items made of gold, which were central to the daily rituals within the Holy Place. The meticulous enumeration of these items emphasizes the Temple's grandeur and its adherence to the precise divine instructions originally given to David, highlighting the sanctity and functional purpose of each piece in facilitating Israel's worship and interaction with God's presence.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** King Solomon's reign (c. 970-931 BC) marked a golden age for Israel, characterized by unprecedented peace, prosperity, and the fulfillment of God's promise to David regarding a permanent dwelling place for the Lord. The construction of the Temple in Jerusalem was the crowning achievement of Solomon's reign, serving as the central hub for Israelite religious life and national identity. The use of vast quantities of gold and other precious materials, as seen in the "golden altar" and "tables," reflected the immense wealth of Solomon's kingdom and, more importantly, the cultural understanding that the most valuable resources should be dedicated to the worship of Yahweh. This dedication underscored the belief that God's dwelling place merited the utmost splendor, reflecting His supreme glory and the nation's devotion.
* **Key Themes:** The verse contributes significantly to several overarching themes in Chronicles. First, it emphasizes **Divine Presence and Worship**, as the specified vessels were integral to the rituals that enabled Israel's communion with God, symbolizing His holy presence and provision. The "golden altar" for incense and the "tables for the shewbread" were not mere decorations but functional elements in the prescribed worship. Second, the use of gold signifies **Magnificence and Dedication**, showcasing Solomon's unparalleled commitment and the nation's devotion to God, reflecting the glory intended for the Temple. This theme is consistent with the detailed descriptions of the Temple's opulence throughout [1 Kings 6-7](/1_kings/6 "1 Kings 6-7 - Solomon's Temple Construction") and [2 Chronicles 3-4](/2_chronicles/3 "2 Chronicles 3-4 - Temple Construction and Furnishings"). Third, the items mentioned establish a clear **Continuity with the Tabernacle**, the portable sanctuary from the wilderness period. The "golden altar" corresponds to the altar of incense described in [Exodus 30:1-10](/exodus/30-1 "Exodus 30:1-10 - The Altar of Incense"), and the "tables whereon the shewbread was set" directly mirrors the table of shewbread from [Exodus 25:23-30](/exodus/25-23 "Exodus 25:23-30 - The Table for the Bread of the Presence"), indicating a consistent pattern of worship and divine instruction from Moses to Solomon.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Golden Altar (Hebrew, _mizbeach hazahav'_):** This term specifically refers to the Altar of Incense, as distinct from the larger bronze altar for burnt offerings located in the outer court. Positioned in the Holy Place, directly before the veil separating it from the Most Holy Place, this altar was used daily for burning fragrant incense. Its construction from gold (or overlaid with gold) emphasized its extreme sacredness and its proximity to God's immediate presence. The rising smoke of the incense symbolized the prayers of the saints ascending to God, as seen in later biblical imagery ([Revelation 8:3-4](/revelation/8-3 "Revelation 8:3-4 - Incense and Prayers of the Saints")).
* **Shewbread (Hebrew, _lechem panim'_):** Literally meaning "bread of presence" or "bread of faces," this refers to the twelve loaves of unleavened bread that were continually set before the Lord on the special table in the Holy Place. Each loaf represented one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This bread was replaced weekly by the priests, and the old bread was then eaten by them in a holy place. The "shewbread" symbolized God's covenant faithfulness, His constant provision for His people, and the ongoing communion between God and Israel, where Israel was literally "before His face."
* **Vessels (Hebrew, _kelim'_):** This is a general term encompassing all the implements, utensils, and furnishings used in the Temple service. In this context, it refers to the collection of sacred objects crafted for the House of God, including not only the golden altar and shewbread tables but also lampstands, bowls, censers, and other items necessary for the elaborate Temple rituals. The term emphasizes the functional and sacred nature of every item within the divine sanctuary.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And Solomon made all the vessels that [were for] the house of God":** This initial clause establishes Solomon's role as the divinely appointed builder and furnisher of the Temple. It highlights the comprehensive nature of his work, indicating that every necessary item for the sacred space was meticulously crafted under his direction. The phrase "house of God" underscores the ultimate purpose of these items: to serve in the worship and service of Yahweh, making the Temple a dedicated space for divine encounter.
* **"the golden altar also":** This specifies one of the most significant items in the Holy Place. The "golden altar" is the altar of incense, distinct from the bronze altar of burnt offering. Its golden composition signifies its immense value and sacredness, reflecting its function in offering fragrant incense, a symbol of prayer and worship, directly before the presence of God. Its inclusion here emphasizes its centrality to the daily priestly duties and the spiritual atmosphere of the Temple.
* **"and the tables whereon the shewbread [was set];":** This clause identifies another crucial furnishing within the Holy Place. There was typically one main table for the shewbread, but the plural "tables" might refer to additional tables for other offerings or simply be a stylistic plural, or even indicate that there were multiple tables for the different aspects of the shewbread service or its preparation, though the primary table is the focus. These tables were designed to hold the "bread of presence," which was a continuous offering before the Lord, symbolizing God's perpetual covenant presence and His provision for Israel.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several literary devices to convey its profound meaning. **Merism** is evident in the listing of specific items ("golden altar," "tables whereon the shewbread was set") to represent the entirety of the "vessels" or furnishings within the Holy Place. This technique emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Solomon's work and the meticulous attention to detail in equipping the Temple. **Symbolism** is paramount, as each item carries deep theological significance: the "golden altar" symbolizes prayer and the ascent of worship to God, while the "shewbread" symbolizes God's faithful provision and His perpetual presence among His people. The use of "gold" throughout the Temple's furnishings is a potent symbol of divine glory, purity, and immense value, signifying the unparalleled honor bestowed upon God's dwelling place. The very act of "making" these items also subtly employs **Metonymy**, where Solomon's action represents the entire nation's dedication and the fulfillment of God's command to establish a central place of worship.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The detailed description of the Temple vessels in 2 Chronicles 4:19, particularly the golden altar and the tables for the shewbread, profoundly illustrates God's desire for a structured, holy, and beautiful approach to His presence. These items were not merely functional but were imbued with symbolic meaning, pointing to the nature of God and His relationship with His people. The gold signified divine glory and purity, while the specific rituals associated with these vessels—incense as ascending prayer and shewbread as divine provision and communion—underscored the essence of Israel's covenant relationship with Yahweh. This passage reinforces the theological truth that God is worthy of our utmost reverence, our finest offerings, and our consistent communion, all facilitated through divinely ordained means.

* [Exodus 25:23-30](/exodus/25-23 "Exodus 25:23-30 - Instructions for the Table of Shewbread")
* [Exodus 30:1-10](/exodus/30-1 "Exodus 30:1-10 - Instructions for the Altar of Incense")
* [Leviticus 24:5-9](/leviticus/24-5 "Leviticus 24:5-9 - The Law of the Shewbread")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While the physical Temple and its specific vessels no longer stand as the central place of worship for believers today, the principles embedded in 2 Chronicles 4:19 remain profoundly relevant for our spiritual lives. The meticulous craftsmanship and precious materials dedicated to God's house serve as a powerful reminder to offer our very best to God in every aspect of our worship and service. Our worship should not be haphazard or half-hearted, but intentional, thoughtful, and reverent, reflecting the supreme worth and holiness of the One we adore. Furthermore, the symbolism of the golden altar and the shewbread tables invites us to consider the ongoing realities of prayer and divine provision in our lives. Just as incense ascended from the altar, our prayers are to be a constant, fragrant offering to God, while the shewbread reminds us of God's faithful commitment to sustain us, both physically and spiritually, through His enduring presence. We are called to live lives that reflect the same dedication and excellence that Solomon poured into the House of God, understanding that our bodies are now temples of the Holy Spirit, and our lives are meant to glorify Him.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life are you holding back your "finest materials" from God?**
* **How does the symbolism of the golden altar (prayer) and the shewbread (provision) deepen your understanding of your daily walk with God?**
* **Considering that believers are now the "temple of the Holy Spirit" ([1 Corinthians 6:19](/1_corinthians/6-19 "1 Corinthians 6:19 - Your Body is a Temple")), how does the meticulous care given to the ancient Temple inspire you to live a life of holiness and dedication?**

### FAQ
**What was the difference between the "golden altar" and the "bronze altar" in the Temple?**

Answer: The "golden altar" mentioned in [2 Chronicles 4:19](/2_chronicles/4-19 "2 Chronicles 4:19 - Golden Altar and Shewbread Tables") refers specifically to the altar of incense, which was located inside the Holy Place, just before the veil leading to the Most Holy Place. It was smaller and either made of gold or overlaid with gold, used exclusively for burning fragrant incense as a symbol of ascending prayers. In contrast, the "bronze altar" (also known as the altar of burnt offering) was much larger and situated in the outer court of the Temple ([2 Chronicles 4:1](/2_chronicles/4-1 "2 Chronicles 4:1 - The Bronze Altar")). It was made of bronze and was used for the sacrifice of animals, where burnt offerings were made to atone for sins. Both altars were crucial for Israelite worship, but they served distinct functions and symbolized different aspects of approaching God.

**Why was gold used so extensively in the Temple furnishings?**

Answer: The extensive use of gold in the Temple, as highlighted in [2 Chronicles 4:19](/2_chronicles/4-19 "2 Chronicles 4:19 - Golden Altar and Shewbread Tables") and throughout the descriptions of its construction ([1 Kings 6-7](/1_kings/6 "1 Kings 6-7 - Solomon's Temple Construction")), served multiple significant purposes. Culturally, gold was the most precious and enduring metal, symbolizing immense wealth, royalty, and honor. Its use therefore conveyed the supreme value and honor attributed to God and His dwelling place. Theologically, gold also symbolized purity, divinity, and glory. By dedicating such a magnificent and costly material to the Temple, Solomon and the people of Israel demonstrated their profound reverence for God and their understanding that His presence merited the absolute finest and most glorious expression. It underscored the sacredness and unparalleled importance of the Temple as the place where God chose to dwell among His people.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The vessels of the Temple, particularly the golden altar and the tables for the shewbread, are rich types and shadows that find their ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The "shewbread," or "bread of presence," which symbolized God's faithful provision and continuous communion with His people, is profoundly fulfilled in Jesus, who declared Himself to be the "[bread of life](/john/6-35 "John 6:35 - Jesus, the Bread of Life")" ([John 6:35](/john/6-35 "John 6:35 - Jesus, the Bread of Life")). He is the true sustenance for our spiritual lives, the one through whom we have perpetual access to God's presence and provision. Similarly, the "golden altar" of incense, from which prayers ascended to God, foreshadows Christ's role as our great High Priest. Through His perfect sacrifice and ongoing intercession, Jesus is the one through whom our prayers are made acceptable to God ([Hebrews 7:25](/hebrews/7-25 "Hebrews 7:25 - Christ's Intercession")). He has opened a new and living way into the very presence of God, not through a physical veil or earthly vessels, but through His own body ([Hebrews 10:19-20](/hebrews/10-19 "Hebrews 10:19-20 - Access Through Christ's Blood")). Thus, the meticulous craftsmanship and sacred purpose of the Temple's golden vessels in [2 Chronicles 4:19](/2_chronicles/4-19 "2 Chronicles 4:19 - Golden Altar and Shewbread Tables") point forward to the infinitely more glorious spiritual realities accomplished by Christ, who is Himself the ultimate temple, sacrifice, and access to God.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Revelation 9:13

¶ And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God,

2 Chronicles 26:16

¶ But when he was strong, his heart was lifted up to [his] destruction: for he transgressed against the LORD his God, and went into the temple of the LORD to burn incense upon the altar of incense.

2 Chronicles 26:18

And they withstood Uzziah the king, and said unto him, [It appertaineth] not unto thee, Uzziah, to burn incense unto the LORD, but to the priests the sons of Aaron, that are consecrated to burn incense: go out of the sanctuary; for thou hast trespassed; neither [shall it be] for thine honour from the LORD God.

1 Kings 7:48

¶ And Solomon made all the vessels that [pertained] unto the house of the LORD: the altar of gold, and the table of gold, whereupon the shewbread [was],

1 Kings 7:50

And the bowls, and the snuffers, and the basons, and the spoons, and the censers [of] pure gold; and the hinges [of] gold, [both] for the doors of the inner house, the most holy [place, and] for the doors of the house, [to wit], of the temple.

2 Chronicles 36:18

And all the vessels of the house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king, and of his princes; all [these] he brought to Babylon.

2 Kings 24:13

And he carried out thence all the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the LORD, as the LORD had said.