2 Chronicles 31:13

KJV

And Jehiel, and Azaziah, and Nahath, and Asahel, and Jerimoth, and Jozabad, and Eliel, and Ismachiah, and Mahath, and Benaiah, [were] overseers under the hand of Cononiah and Shimei his brother, at the commandment of Hezekiah the king, and Azariah the ruler of the house of God.

KJV (with Strong's)

And Jehiel {H3171}, and Azaziah {H5812}, and Nahath {H5184}, and Asahel {H6214}, and Jerimoth {H3406}, and Jozabad {H3107}, and Eliel {H447}, and Ismachiah {H3253}, and Mahath {H4287}, and Benaiah {H1141}, were overseers {H6496} under the hand {H3027} of Cononiah {H3562} and Shimei {H8096} his brother {H251}, at the commandment {H4662} of Hezekiah {H3169} the king {H4428}, and Azariah {H5838} the ruler {H5057} of the house {H1004} of God {H430}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Hizkiyahu the king and 'Azaryahu the ruler of the house of God appointed Yechi'el, 'Azazyahu, Nachat, 'Asah'el, Yerimot, Yozavad, Eli'el, Yismachyah, Machat and B'nayahu as supervisors to serve under Konanyah and Shim'i his brother.

Berean Standard Bible

Jehiel, Azaziah, Nahath, Asahel, Jerimoth, Jozabad, Eliel, Ismachiah, Mahath, and Benaiah were overseers under the authority of Conaniah and his brother Shimei, by appointment of King Hezekiah and of Azariah the chief official of the house of God.

American Standard Version

and Jehiel, and Azaziah, and Nahath, and Asahel, and Jerimoth, and Jozabad, and Eliel, and Ismachiah, and Mahath, and Benaiah, were overseers under the hand of Conaniah and Shimei his brother, by the appointment of Hezekiah the king, and Azariah the ruler of the house of God.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
2 Chronicles 31:13 meticulously lists ten specific individuals—Jehiel, Azaziah, Nahath, Asahel, Jerimoth, Jozabad, Eliel, Ismachiah, Mahath, and Benaiah—who were appointed as overseers within the comprehensive administrative structure established by King Hezekiah. These men served under the direct authority of Cononiah and his brother Shimei, operating under the ultimate command of King Hezekiah himself and Azariah, the chief ruler of the house of God. Their critical role was to manage the vast quantities of tithes and dedicated offerings brought by the people, ensuring their proper storage and equitable distribution to the priests and Levites, thereby facilitating the full-time restoration of Temple worship and service.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is deeply embedded within the narrative of King Hezekiah's sweeping religious reforms and revival in Judah, following a period of profound spiritual decline under previous monarchs. The preceding chapters detail Hezekiah's initial actions: the cleansing and consecration of the Temple ([2 Chronicles 29](/2_chronicles/29 "2 Chronicles 29 - Hezekiah Cleanses the Temple")), the restoration of proper worship, and the grand celebration of a belated Passover ([2 Chronicles 30](/2_chronicles/30 "2 Chronicles 30 - The Passover Celebration")). The overwhelming generosity of the people, who brought abundant firstfruits, tithes, and offerings, is highlighted in [2 Chronicles 31:5-6](/2_chronicles/31-5 "2 Chronicles 31:5-6 - Abundance of Offerings"). This immense influx of provisions necessitated a robust and organized system for their storage and distribution, leading to the appointment of the officials mentioned in [2 Chronicles 31:11-12](/2_chronicles/31-11 "2 Chronicles 31:11-12 - Appointment of Overseers") and the specific overseers detailed in [2 Chronicles 31:13](/2_chronicles/31-13 "2 Chronicles 31:13 - List of Overseers"). The subsequent verses, [2 Chronicles 31:14-19](/2_chronicles/31-14 "2 Chronicles 31:14-19 - Further Details of Distribution"), further elaborate on the specific responsibilities and beneficiaries of this meticulously organized system, underscoring the thoroughness of Hezekiah's reforms.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** King Hezekiah's reign (c. 715–686 BC) marked a pivotal moment for Judah, emerging from the spiritual apostasy and idolatry prevalent during the reigns of his father Ahaz and other predecessors. The Temple, once the vibrant center of Israelite worship, had fallen into disrepair and defilement. Hezekiah's reforms were not merely ceremonial but deeply practical, aiming to restore the Levitical priesthood to full-time service, which required a reliable system of support. In ancient Israel, the tithes and offerings were the prescribed means of sustaining the priests and Levites, who had no tribal land inheritance. The sheer volume of contributions, described in [2 Chronicles 31:5-10](/2_chronicles/31-5 "2 Chronicles 31:5-10 - The People's Generosity"), would have presented a significant logistical challenge, requiring dedicated personnel and infrastructure for collection, storage, and equitable distribution. This administrative foresight was crucial for the long-term sustainability of the restored Temple worship and the livelihood of its ministers.

* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully illustrates several overarching themes central to the Chronicler's narrative and broader biblical theology. It highlights the paramount importance of **order and organization** in divine service, demonstrating that spiritual fervor must be accompanied by sound administration to be sustainable. The detailed listing of names and the clear chain of command reflect a meticulous approach to managing God's resources, preventing waste, and ensuring fairness, a principle echoed in [1 Corinthians 14:40](/1_corinthians/14-40 "1 Corinthians 14:40 - Order in Worship"). Furthermore, the appointment of these overseers underscores **diligent leadership** as a hallmark of Hezekiah's reign; his commitment to restoring proper worship extended beyond ritual to practical administration, demonstrating his dedication to [doing what was good and right in the sight of the Lord](/2_chronicles/31-20 "2 Chronicles 31:20 - Hezekiah's Righteousness"). The primary purpose of this administrative structure was to ensure the **support for ministry**, providing for the Levites and priests who served full-time in the Temple, a principle of sustaining those dedicated to spiritual work that resonates throughout Scripture, including in the New Testament (e.g., [1 Corinthians 9:13-14](/1_corinthians/9-13 "1 Corinthians 9:13-14 - Support for Ministers")). Finally, the hierarchy from the king down to the overseers emphasizes a robust system of **accountability and stewardship**, as these men were entrusted with sacred resources and were responsible for their proper distribution, acting as faithful stewards of God's provisions.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Overseers (Hebrew, _paqid'_):** The Hebrew term פָּקִיד (_paqid_), translated as "overseers," denotes an "appointed official," "superintendent," "manager," or "commissioner." It derives from the root פקד (_paqad_), which carries a broad range of meanings including "to visit," "to inspect," "to muster," "to appoint," or "to take account of." In this context, _paqid_ signifies more than just a helper; it refers to an individual formally designated with authority and responsibility to oversee, inspect, and manage specific operations. These individuals were not merely passive recipients of instructions but active administrators entrusted with the crucial task of ensuring the proper and orderly functioning of the Temple's logistical and financial operations, reflecting a high degree of trust and accountability placed upon them.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And Jehiel, and Azaziah, and Nahath, and Asahel, and Jerimoth, and Jozabad, and Eliel, and Ismachiah, and Mahath, and Benaiah,":** This extensive list of ten names underscores the meticulous nature of Hezekiah's administrative reforms and the significant number of personnel required to manage the vast quantities of tithes and offerings. Each name represents a specific individual entrusted with a vital role, emphasizing the personal accountability and the comprehensive organization put in place. The Chronicler's inclusion of these names highlights the historical accuracy and the importance of every participant in the restoration of proper worship.
* **"[were] overseers":** This phrase directly identifies the primary function of the listed individuals. As discussed in the "Key Word Analysis," "overseers" (Hebrew _paqid_) implies a role of supervision, management, and accountability. Their responsibility was to ensure that the collected provisions were properly stored, accounted for, and distributed according to the king's decree, thereby maintaining order and integrity within the Temple's support system.
* **"under the hand of Cononiah and Shimei his brother,":** This clause establishes a clear chain of command and highlights the immediate superiors of the ten overseers. Cononiah and Shimei, likely high-ranking Levites or Temple officials, were the primary administrators responsible for the overall management of the Temple's treasuries and provisions, as indicated in [2 Chronicles 31:12](/2_chronicles/31-12 "2 Chronicles 31:12 - Cononiah and Shimei"). The phrase "under the hand of" signifies their direct authority and the reporting structure, ensuring efficient oversight and accountability within the administrative hierarchy.
* **"at the commandment of Hezekiah the king, and Azariah the ruler of the house of God.":** This final clause clarifies the ultimate source of authority for this entire administrative structure. King Hezekiah, as the sovereign ruler, initiated and commanded these reforms, demonstrating his personal commitment to the restoration of true worship. Azariah, identified as "the ruler of the house of God" (likely the chief priest or a high-ranking Temple official), served as the religious authority who implemented the king's commands within the Temple context. This dual authority—royal and priestly—underscores the comprehensive nature of the reforms, uniting civil and religious leadership in a common purpose to restore the proper functioning of God's house.

#### Literary Devices
The Chronicler employs several literary devices in 2 Chronicles 31:13 to convey the significance and thoroughness of Hezekiah's reforms. The most prominent is **Cataloguing** or **Listing**, evident in the extensive enumeration of ten specific names. This detailed list serves not merely as a record but as a rhetorical device emphasizing the meticulous nature of the administrative structure and the vast number of individuals involved in the Temple's operations. It lends an air of historical verisimilitude and underscores the comprehensiveness of Hezekiah's efforts. Furthermore, the verse demonstrates **Hierarchy** and **Chain of Command**, clearly delineating the reporting structure from the king and the chief Temple official down to the immediate supervisors (Cononiah and Shimei) and finally to the specific overseers. This structured presentation highlights the order and organization that characterized Hezekiah's reign, contrasting sharply with the disarray of previous periods. The inclusion of such specific details also functions as **Emphasis through Detail**, drawing the reader's attention to the importance of sound administration and the principle that every role, no matter how seemingly mundane, is vital to the flourishing of God's work.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This seemingly administrative verse carries profound theological and thematic weight, illustrating God's desire for order, provision, and faithful stewardship within His covenant community. The meticulous organization of the Temple's resources and the support for its ministers reflect a divine principle: that spiritual work, to be sustained and effective, requires practical and diligent administration. God is a God of order, not chaos, and He expects His people to manage His blessings with wisdom and integrity. The provision for the Levites and priests through tithes and offerings underscores God's method for sustaining those dedicated to full-time ministry, ensuring they could focus on their sacred duties without distraction. This system not only provided for their physical needs but also reinforced the community's responsibility to honor God with their firstfruits and to support those who ministered on their behalf. The accountability embedded within the hierarchy from king to overseer further emphasizes the biblical call to faithful stewardship of all resources, recognizing that ultimately, everything belongs to God.

* [Deuteronomy 14:28-29](/deuteronomy/14-28 "Deuteronomy 14:28-29 - Tithes for Levites and Sojourners")
* [Numbers 18:21](/numbers/18-21 "Numbers 18:21 - The Levites' Inheritance is the Tithe")
* [Nehemiah 13:10-14](/nehemiah/13-10 "Nehemiah 13:10-14 - Nehemiah Restores Support for Levites")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The detailed administrative structure outlined in 2 Chronicles 31:13 offers timeless lessons for believers and communities today. It reminds us that genuine spiritual revival, like that under Hezekiah, is not solely about emotional fervor or grand worship services; it must be grounded in practical, orderly, and accountable administration. Just as the abundance of God's provision necessitated careful management in ancient Judah, so too do modern ministries and personal lives require sound stewardship of time, talents, and financial resources. Every role, whether visible or behind-the-scenes, is vital for the flourishing of God's work, and faithfulness in administration is as much an act of worship as any other spiritual discipline. This verse challenges us to consider how we contribute to the order and effective functioning of our spiritual communities and how we support those dedicated to full-time ministry, recognizing that our contributions enable the work of God to continue unhindered. It calls us to embody integrity, accountability, and diligence in all areas of life, reflecting the character of a God who delights in order and provision.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life or ministry do I need to apply greater order and diligent administration?**
* **How does my personal stewardship of resources (time, talent, treasure) contribute to the overall health and effectiveness of my spiritual community?**
* **Am I adequately supporting those who are dedicated to full-time ministry, and do I understand the biblical basis for such support?**
* **What can I learn from Hezekiah's example of comprehensive leadership, which extended from spiritual revival to practical organization?**

### FAQ
**Why does the Bible meticulously list so many names in this verse?**

Answer: The meticulous listing of names in [2 Chronicles 31:13](/2_chronicles/31-13 "2 Chronicles 31:13 - List of Overseers") serves several important purposes. Firstly, it lends historical authenticity and precision to the Chronicler's account, demonstrating that these were real individuals involved in a significant historical event. Secondly, it underscores the comprehensive and highly organized nature of King Hezekiah's reforms; the sheer number of appointed officials highlights the scale of the task of managing the vast quantities of tithes and offerings. Thirdly, it emphasizes the principle of accountability: each person named was entrusted with a specific, vital role within a clear chain of command, from the king down to the overseers. This detail shows that every position, even administrative, was considered important and required faithful stewardship. Finally, it subtly conveys the Chronicler's theological message that God delights in order and that effective spiritual service is supported by diligent, responsible administration.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 2 Chronicles 31:13 details the administrative structure of the Old Covenant Temple, it subtly foreshadows the perfect order and ultimate provision found in Christ and His New Covenant Church. The meticulous care for the physical Temple and its ministers points to God's unwavering commitment to His people and the spiritual sustenance of those who serve Him. Christ is the ultimate "overseer" and "administrator" of God's true house, the Church, which He built and over which He reigns as Head ([Hebrews 3:6](/hebrews/3-6 "Hebrews 3:6 - Christ as Son Over His House"); [Ephesians 1:22-23](/ephesians/1-22 "Ephesians 1:22-23 - Christ the Head of the Church")). The Old Testament system of tithes and offerings, managed by these overseers, ensured the physical sustenance of the Levitical priesthood; in the New Covenant, Christ Himself is our spiritual provision, sustaining His ministers and all believers through His grace and the power of the Holy Spirit ([Philippians 4:19](/philippians/4-19 "Philippians 4:19 - God Will Supply All Your Needs")). The emphasis on order and good management within Hezekiah's reforms finds its ultimate fulfillment in the New Testament's call for the Church to operate "decently and in order" ([1 Corinthians 14:40](/1_corinthians/14-40 "1 Corinthians 14:40 - Order in Worship")), with leaders who are good managers of God's household ([1 Timothy 3:4-5](/1_timothy/3-4 "1 Timothy 3:4-5 - Managing One's Own Household")). Thus, this detailed administrative verse ultimately points to the perfect, divine administration of Christ, who perfectly stewards His people and His kingdom, ensuring every need is met and every aspect of His redemptive plan is executed with flawless order.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Chronicles 31:10

And Azariah the chief priest of the house of Zadok answered him, and said, Since [the people] began to bring the offerings into the house of the LORD, we have had enough to eat, and have left plenty: for the LORD hath blessed his people; and that which is left [is] this great store.

2 Chronicles 31:11

¶ Then Hezekiah commanded to prepare chambers in the house of the LORD; and they prepared [them],

Nehemiah 11:11

Seraiah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, [was] the ruler of the house of God.

2 Chronicles 31:4

Moreover he commanded the people that dwelt in Jerusalem to give the portion of the priests and the Levites, that they might be encouraged in the law of the LORD.

1 Chronicles 9:11

And Azariah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the ruler of the house of God;

1 Chronicles 24:5

Thus were they divided by lot, one sort with another; for the governors of the sanctuary, and governors [of the house] of God, were of the sons of Eleazar, and of the sons of Ithamar.

2 Chronicles 30:12

Also in Judah the hand of God was to give them one heart to do the commandment of the king and of the princes, by the word of the LORD.