1 Kings 10:29

KJV

And a chariot came up and went out of Egypt for six hundred [shekels] of silver, and an horse for an hundred and fifty: and so for all the kings of the Hittites, and for the kings of Syria, did they bring [them] out by their means.

KJV (with Strong's)

And a chariot {H4818} came up {H5927} and went out {H3318} of Egypt {H4714} for six {H8337} hundred {H3967} shekels of silver {H3701}, and an horse {H5483} for an hundred {H3967} and fifty {H2572}: and so for all the kings {H4428} of the Hittites {H2850}, and for the kings {H4428} of Syria {H758}, did they bring them out {H3318} by their means {H3027}.

Complete Jewish Bible

A chariot from Egypt cost fifteen pounds of silver shekels and a horse three-and-three quarters pounds [of shekels]; all the kings of the Hittim and the kings of Aram purchased them at these prices through Shlomo's agents.

Berean Standard Bible

A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram.

American Standard Version

And a chariot came up and went out of Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty; and so for all the kings of the Hittites, and for the kings of Syria, did they bring them out by their means.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Kings 10:29 offers a precise economic and military insight into King Solomon's reign, detailing his extensive and lucrative trade in chariots and horses with Egypt. This verse highlights not only Solomon's immense wealth and his kingdom's military strength but also his strategic position as a dominant intermediary in the ancient Near Eastern arms market, facilitating the re-export of these vital commodities to neighboring kings of the Hittites and Syria. It underscores the unparalleled prosperity, diplomatic influence, and geopolitical power that marked the zenith of his rule.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is deeply embedded within the broader narrative of [1 Kings 9-10](/1_kings/9 "1 Kings 9-10 - Solomon's Unparalleled Wealth and Wisdom"), which meticulously chronicles the unprecedented splendor, profound wisdom, and vast economic prosperity of King Solomon's reign. It directly follows [1 Kings 10:28](/1_kings/10-28 "1 Kings 10:28 - Solomon's Egyptian Horse Trade"), which initially introduces Solomon's acquisition of horses from Egypt and Kue (Cilicia), setting the stage for the detailed economic specifics provided in verse 29. The preceding chapters and verses paint a vivid picture of a kingdom at its material and political apex, showcasing the Queen of Sheba's awe-struck visit, Solomon's vast gold reserves, his magnificent ivory throne, and his extensive naval fleet. Verse 29 specifically elaborates on the mechanism, scale, and reach of his military trade, demonstrating how his accumulated wealth translated into formidable regional power and far-reaching influence.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the ancient Near East, chariots represented the apex of military technology, functioning as the primary offensive weapons on battlefields, much like modern armored vehicles. Egypt, with its fertile Nile delta and sophisticated agricultural practices, was renowned for its superior horse breeding and advanced chariot manufacturing capabilities, making its military assets highly coveted across the region. Solomon's unique ability to procure these items directly from Egypt, likely bolstered by his strategic marriage alliance with Pharaoh's daughter ([1 Kings 3:1](/1_kings/3-1 "1 Kings 3:1 - Solomon's Marriage to Pharaoh's Daughter")), signifies his strong diplomatic ties and considerable economic leverage. The Hittites, a formidable empire to the north, and the various Aramean (Syrian) kingdoms were significant regional powers, frequently engaged in warfare. Solomon's pivotal role as a supplier to these nations underscores Israel's strategic geographical position as a major trading hub, controlling vital trade routes and extending its influence far beyond its immediate borders.
* **Key Themes:** [1 Kings 10:29](/1_kings/10-29 "1 Kings 10:29 - Solomon's Chariot and Horse Trade") contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Kings and the broader Deuteronomistic History. First, it powerfully illustrates **Solomon's immense wealth and power**, showcasing the sheer scale of his economic activities and military might, a theme also prominent in [1 Kings 4:26](/1_kings/4-26 "1 Kings 4:26 - Solomon's Chariot Force"). Second, it exemplifies **international commerce and diplomacy**, demonstrating how Israel was deeply integrated into the regional geopolitical and economic landscape through sophisticated trade networks and strategic alliances. Third, and perhaps most subtly, while appearing to celebrate worldly success, this verse introduces a **critical spiritual implication** by revealing Solomon's accumulation of horses, which directly contradicted the Mosaic law given to future kings in [Deuteronomy 17:16](/deuteronomy/17-16 "Deuteronomy 17:16 - Prohibition Against Multiplying Horses for Kings"). This subtle yet profound deviation foreshadows the spiritual compromises and eventual decline that would mark Solomon's later reign, as reliance on human strength and material wealth gradually overshadowed his initial devotion and obedience to God.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Chariot (Hebrew, _merkâbâh_):** This term (H4818) refers to a wheeled vehicle, primarily used for warfare, often drawn by two or more horses. In the ancient Near East, chariots were the pinnacle of military technology, symbolizing speed, power, and an elite fighting force. Their acquisition and deployment were a clear indicator of a kingdom's wealth and military might. Solomon's vast number of chariots, as noted here and elsewhere, underscored his formidable military presence and his status as a major regional power.
* **Egypt (Hebrew, _Mitsrayim_):** As the source of these highly prized chariots and horses, Egypt (H4714) was renowned for its advanced military technology, superior horse breeding, and strategic position. Its role in this extensive trade highlights its status as a dominant regional power and Solomon's strong diplomatic and economic ties with this ancient civilization. Importing from Egypt was a sign of prestige and access to the best available military assets, reinforcing Israel's position in the geopolitical landscape.
* **Silver (Hebrew, _keçeph_):** This term (H3701) refers to the precious metal, which served as the primary form of currency and a measure of wealth in the ancient world. The specific prices—six hundred shekels of silver for a chariot and one hundred and fifty for a horse—underscore the exceptionally high value of these commodities. These significant sums emphasize the vast scale of Solomon's wealth and the immense financial resources he commanded to engage in such extensive trade, both for his own kingdom's military and for lucrative re-export.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And a chariot came up and went out of Egypt for six hundred [shekels] of silver":** This initial clause establishes the origin of the goods (Egypt), the primary commodity (a chariot), and its precise cost (600 shekels of silver). The phrase "came up and went out" suggests the established trade route, likely a well-traveled land route from Egypt into Israel, indicating a regular and organized import operation. The high price underscores the premium value placed on this advanced military asset.
* **"and an horse for an hundred and fifty":** This part of the verse specifies the individual cost of a single horse, which was exactly one-quarter the price of a complete chariot. This detail provides further insight into the specific economics of the trade, highlighting the significant individual value of these animals, which were essential for both drawing chariots and potentially for cavalry units.
* **"and so for all the kings of the Hittites, and for the kings of Syria, did they bring [them] out by their means":** This crucial concluding phrase reveals Solomon's sophisticated role as a regional middleman or intermediary. His merchants, referred to as "they" or "by their means" (implying their agency and established trade networks), were not merely acquiring these goods for Israel's own military but were actively re-exporting them to other regional powers. This demonstrates Solomon's control over lucrative trade networks and his significant economic and political influence over neighboring kingdoms like the Hittites (a major power north of Israel) and the various Aramean (Syrian) states, solidifying his kingdom's strategic dominance.

#### Literary Devices
The passage employs several literary devices to convey Solomon's extraordinary status and the nature of his reign. **Enumeration** and **Specificity** are prominently featured in the precise listing of prices (600 shekels for a chariot, 150 for a horse) and the explicit naming of the trading partners (Hittites, Syria). This meticulous detail lends an air of historical accuracy and emphasizes the concrete, verifiable nature of Solomon's vast commercial and military enterprises. **Symbolism** is also profoundly at play, as chariots and horses were potent symbols of military might, national security, and royal power in the ancient world. Solomon's accumulation and subsequent distribution of these assets powerfully symbolize his unparalleled earthly dominion and immense wealth. Furthermore, for a discerning reader familiar with the Deuteronomic law, this verse carries a subtle yet profound element of **Foreshadowing**. The king's multiplication of horses directly contravened the divine command in [Deuteronomy 17:16](/deuteronomy/17-16 "Deuteronomy 17:16 - The King's Prohibition Against Multiplying Horses"), which warned against reliance on worldly military strength and foreign alliances. Thus, what appears to be a testament to Solomon's success simultaneously hints at the seeds of his future spiritual deviation and the eventual decline of his kingdom.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Kings 10:29, while seemingly a straightforward economic report, carries significant theological weight. It vividly portrays the peak of Solomon's worldly glory, wealth, and strategic power. However, this very success, particularly the accumulation of horses and the extensive international trade, stands in stark contrast to the divine blueprint for Israel's kings. The Deuteronomic law explicitly warned against a king multiplying horses for himself, lest he lead the people back to Egypt (a symbol of bondage and reliance on worldly power) or trust in military might rather than the Lord ([Deuteronomy 17:16](/deuteronomy/17-16 "Deuteronomy 17:16 - The King's Prohibition Against Multiplying Horses")). Solomon's actions, though seemingly shrewd from a geopolitical perspective, represent a subtle shift from absolute trust in God to reliance on human strength and material resources. This theme resonates throughout Scripture, cautioning against the dangers of placing confidence in anything other than God.

* [Deuteronomy 17:16](/deuteronomy/17-16 "Deuteronomy 17:16 - The King's Prohibition Against Multiplying Horses")
* [Psalm 20:7](/psalms/20-7 "Psalm 20:7 - Trust in the Lord, Not Chariots")
* [Isaiah 31:1](/isaiah/31-1 "Isaiah 31:1 - Woe to Those Who Rely on Egypt's Horses")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The detailed account of Solomon's chariot and horse trade in 1 Kings 10:29 offers profound insights for contemporary believers, even though the specific commodities are archaic. This verse challenges us to consider the source and purpose of our own "wealth" and "power." Solomon was blessed with unprecedented resources and wisdom, yet his accumulation of military might and material possessions, particularly in defiance of God's explicit command, ultimately led to spiritual compromise and the fragmentation of his kingdom. This serves as a potent reminder that true security and lasting prosperity are not found in worldly assets, military strength, or shrewd economic dealings, but in unwavering trust in God. We are called to be faithful stewards of the resources, talents, and opportunities God provides, ensuring that our pursuits align with His purposes and bring Him glory, rather than feeding personal ambition or worldly security. The passage prompts us to examine what "chariots" or sources of worldly strength we might be tempted to rely upon today—be it financial stability, professional success, social influence, or even personal abilities—instead of placing our ultimate dependence on the Lord.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life might I be tempted to rely on my own "chariots" (worldly resources or strengths) rather than trusting fully in God?**
* **How can I ensure that the material blessings and opportunities God gives me are used for His glory and kingdom purposes, rather than for self-aggrandizement or spiritual compromise?**
* **What does Solomon's trajectory teach me about the subtle dangers of prosperity and the importance of continually examining my motivations and priorities?**

### FAQ
**Why was Solomon's extensive trade in chariots and horses from Egypt considered problematic, given his immense wealth and power?**

Answer: While Solomon's trade showcased his wealth and strategic acumen, it was problematic because it directly violated a specific divine command given to future kings of Israel in [Deuteronomy 17:16](/deuteronomy/17-16 "Deuteronomy 17:16 - The King's Prohibition Against Multiplying Horses"). This law prohibited kings from multiplying horses for themselves, especially by returning to Egypt, for two primary reasons: first, it symbolized a reliance on military strength and worldly power rather than on God for security; and second, it risked leading the people back into Egyptian influence or even idolatry. Solomon's actions, therefore, represented a shift from divine dependence to human self-sufficiency, foreshadowing his later spiritual decline and the eventual fracturing of his kingdom.

**What was the significance of chariots in ancient warfare, and why were they so expensive?**

Answer: Chariots were the most advanced and formidable military technology of the ancient world, often described as the "tanks" of their time. They provided speed, mobility, and a powerful offensive capability, allowing for rapid deployment and shock tactics on the battlefield. Their construction was complex, requiring skilled artisans, high-quality wood, and metalwork. Furthermore, they required specially trained horses, which were also very costly to acquire and maintain. The combination of advanced technology, skilled labor, and expensive animals made chariots incredibly valuable and a clear indicator of a nation's military and economic might.

**Who were the Hittites and Syrians, and what does Solomon's trade with them reveal about his regional influence?**

Answer: The Hittites were a powerful empire to the north of Israel, known for their military prowess and iron production, often interacting with the major powers of the ancient Near East. "Syria" (or Aram) refers to various Aramean kingdoms located northeast of Israel, frequently in conflict with or allied with regional powers. Solomon's role as an intermediary, supplying these significant regional players with highly sought-after chariots and horses, demonstrates his unparalleled economic dominance and strategic geopolitical influence. It shows that he controlled key trade routes and had the capacity to act as a major arms dealer, leveraging his wealth and diplomatic ties to maintain a powerful position in the ancient Near East.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The narrative of Solomon's vast wealth, military might, and international trade, as seen in [1 Kings 10:29](/1_kings/10-29 "1 Kings 10:29 - Solomon's Chariot and Horse Trade"), ultimately points to the superior and eternal reign of Jesus Christ. Solomon, in all his earthly glory, amassed "chariots" and horses, symbolizing worldly power and reliance on human strength, directly contravening God's command for His king. His kingdom, built on gold and military might, eventually fractured and fell due to his spiritual compromises and idolatry. In stark contrast, Jesus, the true King of Israel, explicitly rejected worldly power and military might. He did not come riding on a warhorse or in a chariot, but humbly on a donkey, fulfilling prophecy and signifying His peaceful, spiritual kingdom ([Matthew 21:5](/matthew/21-5 "Matthew 21:5 - Jesus Enters Jerusalem on a Donkey")). While Solomon sought to multiply his wealth and military assets, Christ emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, and became obedient to death on a cross ([Philippians 2:6-8](/philippians/2-6 "Philippians 2:6-8 - Christ's Humiliation and Exaltation")). The true riches of Christ's kingdom are not silver and gold, but spiritual blessings, righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit ([Romans 14:17](/romans/14-17 "Romans 14:17 - The Kingdom of God is Righteousness, Peace, and Joy")). Solomon's failure to perfectly uphold God's law, despite his wisdom and prosperity, underscores the need for a perfect King, one who would perfectly fulfill all righteousness. Jesus is that King, whose kingdom is "not of this world" ([John 18:36](/john/18-36 "John 18:36 - Jesus' Kingdom is Not of This World")), and whose reign is eternal, built not on chariots and horses, but on sacrificial love, divine authority, and the power of God, bringing true and lasting peace to all who trust in Him.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Joshua 1:4

From the wilderness and this Lebanon even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the great sea toward the going down of the sun, shall be your coast.

2 Kings 7:6

For the Lord had made the host of the Syrians to hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses, [even] the noise of a great host: and they said one to another, Lo, the king of Israel hath hired against us the kings of the Hittites, and the kings of the Egyptians, to come upon us.

2 Kings 7:7

Wherefore they arose and fled in the twilight, and left their tents, and their horses, and their asses, even the camp as it [was], and fled for their life.

Hosea 12:10

I have also spoken by the prophets, and I have multiplied visions, and used similitudes, by the ministry of the prophets.

Malachi 1:1

¶ The burden of the word of the LORD to Israel by Malachi.