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Commentary on 1 Chronicles 11 verses 10–47
10 ¶ These also are the chief of the mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him in his kingdom, and with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel.
11 And this is the number of the mighty men whom David had; Jashobeam, an Hachmonite, the chief of the captains: he lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time.
12 And after him was Eleazar the son of Dodo, the Ahohite, who was one of the three mighties.
13 He was with David at Pasdammim, and there the Philistines were gathered together to battle, where was a parcel of ground full of barley; and the people fled from before the Philistines.
14 And they set themselves in the midst of that parcel, and delivered it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved them by a great deliverance.
15 Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.
16 And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines' garrison was then at Bethlehem.
17 And David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, that is at the gate!
18 And the three brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that was by the gate, and took it, and brought it to David: but David would not drink of it, but poured it out to the LORD,
19 And said, My God forbid it me, that I should do this thing: shall I drink the blood of these men that have put their lives in jeopardy? for with the jeopardy of their lives they brought it. Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mightiest.
20 And Abishai the brother of Joab, he was chief of the three: for lifting up his spear against three hundred, he slew them, and had a name among the three.
21 Of the three, he was more honourable than the two; for he was their captain: howbeit he attained not to the first three.
22 Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day.
23 And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian's hand was a spear like a weaver's beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian's hand, and slew him with his own spear.
24 These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among the three mighties.
25 Behold, he was honourable among the thirty, but attained not to the first three: and David set him over his guard.
26 Also the valiant men of the armies were, Asahel the brother of Joab, Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,
27 Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite,
28 Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Antothite,
29 Sibbecai the Hushathite, Ilai the Ahohite,
30 Maharai the Netophathite, Heled the son of Baanah the Netophathite,
31 Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah, that pertained to the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,
32 Hurai of the brooks of Gaash, Abiel the Arbathite,
33 Azmaveth the Baharumite, Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
34 The sons of Hashem the Gizonite, Jonathan the son of Shage the Hararite,
35 Ahiam the son of Sacar the Hararite, Eliphal the son of Ur,
36 Hepher the Mecherathite, Ahijah the Pelonite,
37 Hezro the Carmelite, Naarai the son of Ezbai,
38 Joel the brother of Nathan, Mibhar the son of Haggeri,
39 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Berothite, the armourbearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,
40 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,
41 Uriah the Hittite, Zabad the son of Ahlai,
42 Adina the son of Shiza the Reubenite, a captain of the Reubenites, and thirty with him,
43 Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
44 Uzzia the Ashterathite, Shama and Jehiel the sons of Hothan the Aroerite,
45 Jediael the son of Shimri, and Joha his brother, the Tizite,
46 Eliel the Mahavite, and Jeribai, and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam, and Ithmah the Moabite,
47 Eliel, and Obed, and Jasiel the Mesobaite.
We have here an account of David's worthies, the great men of his time that served him and were preferred by him. The first edition of this catalogue we had, Sa2 23:8, etc. This is much the same, only that those named here from Ch1 11:41 to the end are added. Observe,
I. The connexion of this catalogue with that which is said concerning David, Ch1 11:9. 1. David waxed greater and greater, and these were his mighty men. Much of the strength and honour of great men is borrowed from their servants and depends upon them, which cannot but somewhat diminish pomp and power in the opinion of those that are wise. David is great because he has great men about him; take these away, and he is where he was. 2. The Lord of hosts was with him, and these were the mighty men which he had. God was with him and wrought for him, but by men and means and the use of second causes. By this it appeared that God was with him, that he inclined the hearts of those to come over to him that were able to serve his interest. As, if God be for us none can be against us, so, if God be for us, all shall be for us that we have occasion for. Yet David ascribed his success and increase, not to the hosts he had, but to the Lord of hosts, not to the mighty men that were with him, but to the mighty God whose presence with us is all in all.
II. The title of this catalogue (Ch1 11:10): These are the men who strengthened themselves with him. In strengthening him they strengthened themselves and their own interest; for his advancement was theirs. What we do in our places for the support of the kingdom of the Son of David we shall be gainers by. In strengthening it we strengthen ourselves. It may be read, They held strongly with him and with all Israel. Note, When God has work to do he will not want fit instruments to do it with. If it be work that requires mighty men, mighty men shall either be found or made to effect it, according to the word of the Lord.
III. That which made all these men honourable was the good service that they did to their king and country; they helped to make David king (Ch1 11:10) - a good work. They slew the Philistines, and other public enemies, and were instrumental to save Israel. Note, The way to be great is to do good. Nor did they gain this honour without labour and the hazard of their lives. The honours of Christ's kingdom are prepared for those that fight the good fight of faith, that labour and suffer, and are willing to venture all, even life itself, for Christ and a good conscience. It is by a patient continuance in well-doing that we must seek for glory, and honour, and immortality; and those that are faithful to the Son of David shall find their names registered and enrolled much more to their honour than these are in the records of fame.
IV. Among all the great exploits of David's mighty men, here is nothing great mentioned concerning David himself but his pouring out water before the Lord which he had longed for, Ch1 11:18, Ch1 11:19. Four very honourable dispositions of David appeared in that action, which, for aught I know, made it as great as any of the achievements of those worthies. 1. Repentance for his own weakness. It is really an honour to a man, when he is made sensible that he has said or done any thing unadvisedly, to unsay it and undo it again by repentance, as it is a shame to a man when he has said or done amiss to stand to it. 2. Denial of his own appetite. He longed for the water of the well of Bethlehem; but, when he had it, he would not drink it, because he would not so far humour himself and gratify a foolish fancy. He that has such a rule as this over his own spirit is better than the mighty. It is an honour to a man to have the command of himself; but he that will command himself must sometimes cross himself. 3. Devotion towards God. That water which he thought too good, too precious, for his own drinking, he poured out to the Lord for a drink offering. If we have any thing better than another, let God be honoured with it, who is the best, and should have the best. 4. Tenderness of his servants. It put him into the greatest confusion imaginable to think that three brave men should hazard their lives to fetch water for him. In his account it turns the water into blood. It is the honour of great men not to be prodigal of the blood of those they employ, but, in all the commands they give them, to put their own souls into their souls' stead.
V. In the wonderful achievements of these heroes the power of God must be acknowledged. How could one slay 300 and another the same number (Ch1 11:11, Ch1 11:20), another two lion-like men (Ch1 11:22), and another an Egyptian giant (Ch1 11:23), if they had not had the extraordinary presence of God with them, according to that promise, Jos 23:10, One man of you shall chase a thousand, for the Lord your God fighteth for you?
VI. One of these worthies is said to be an Ammonite (Ch1 11:39), another a Moabite (Ch1 11:46), and yet the law was that an Ammonite and a Moabite should not enter into the congregation of the Lord, Deu 23:3. These, it is likely, had approved themselves so hearty for the interest of Israel that in their case it was thought fit to dispense with that law, and the rather because it was an indication that the Son of David would have worthies among the Gentiles: with him there is neither Greek nor Jew.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 10–47. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 11:28 meticulously introduces two more distinguished members of King David's elite fighting force, the "mighty men": Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite and Abiezer the Antothite. This verse, part of a comprehensive roster, carefully records their names and geographical origins, underscoring the Chronicler's emphasis on the individual contributions and diverse backgrounds of those who faithfully served in the establishment and maintenance of God's kingdom under David's divinely appointed leadership.
CONTEXT
Literary Context: This verse is embedded within a lengthy and significant roster of David's "mighty men" or "valiant warriors," detailed in 1 Chronicles 11:10-47. This extensive list serves as a testament to the loyal and courageous individuals who supported David throughout his reign, particularly after he was anointed king over all Israel. The Chronicler's inclusion of this detailed register, which closely parallels the account found in 2 Samuel 23:8-39, highlights the foundational role these warriors played in securing and stabilizing the kingdom. Unlike the Samuel account, the Chronicler often emphasizes the spiritual and communal aspects of Israel's history, portraying these men not just as soldiers but as integral parts of God's unfolding plan for His people.
Historical & Cultural Context: Ira is identified as "the Tekoite," indicating his origin from Tekoa, a town situated in the wilderness of Judah, south of Jerusalem. This region was known for its rugged, defensible terrain and strategic importance, often serving as a gateway to the desert. Tekoa later gained prominence as the hometown of the prophet Amos. Abiezer is named "the Antothite," signifying his connection to Anathoth, a priestly city in the territory of Benjamin, northeast of Jerusalem. Anathoth was also the birthplace of the prophet Jeremiah, adding a rich layer of historical and prophetic significance to its inhabitants. The inclusion of men from such distinct and historically significant regions—Judah and Benjamin, a southern tribe and a tribe with strong ties to the former Saulide kingdom—underscores the broad, unified support David garnered across diverse tribal lines, a crucial element for national cohesion in ancient Israel.
Key Themes: The meticulous listing of names in this chapter, including those like Ira and Abiezer for whom no specific deeds are recounted here, powerfully conveys the theme of Individual Recognition. The Chronicler emphasizes that every person's contribution, regardless of its prominence in the narrative, is significant and valued in the eyes of God and for the success of His kingdom. This roster also highlights Loyalty and Devotion, as these men were characterized by their unwavering commitment to David, serving as exemplars of faithfulness to a divinely chosen leader. Their steadfastness was indispensable for the stability and strength of the nascent monarchy, echoing the call for faithfulness found in Deuteronomy 6:5. Furthermore, the diverse geographical origins of these warriors, as seen with Ira from Judah and Abiezer from Benjamin, illustrates the theme of Diversity in Service. It showcases the unity forged under David's leadership, drawing strength from various parts of the nation and demonstrating how disparate elements can coalesce for a common, God-ordained purpose, much like the unified effort described in Nehemiah 4.
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The Chronicler's presentation in 1 Chronicles 11:28 primarily employs Cataloging, as it is part of an extensive list of names, meticulously recording the individuals who comprised David's elite fighting force. This systematic enumeration serves to validate David's reign by showcasing the breadth and depth of his support. Furthermore, the use of Toponymy (the study of place names) is prominent, with "Tekoite" and "Antothite" directly linking individuals to their specific geographical origins. This device not only provides concrete identification but also subtly emphasizes the diverse tribal and regional contributions to David's unified kingdom. Lastly, the inclusion of "the son of Ikkesh" demonstrates the use of Lineage or Genealogy, a foundational aspect of biblical narrative that establishes identity, heritage, and continuity within the historical record of God's people.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The Chronicler's deliberate act of recording the names of individuals like Ira and Abiezer, even without extensive narratives of their deeds in this specific verse, carries profound theological weight. It underscores the biblical principle that every person's faithful service, no matter how seemingly small or unheralded, is seen and valued by God. This meticulous recognition of individuals within a larger collective highlights God's attention to detail and His appreciation for the diverse contributions that build His kingdom. It teaches us that faithfulness in one's assigned role, whether prominent or behind the scenes, is a vital component of God's grand design, contributing to the overall strength and success of the community of faith. This divine recognition encourages believers to serve with diligence, knowing that their labor in the Lord is never in vain.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The inclusion of Ira the Tekoite and Abiezer the Antothite in David's prestigious list of mighty men, even without detailed accounts of their specific heroic feats in this verse, offers a powerful lesson for believers today. It reminds us that God values every individual's contribution to His work, irrespective of its perceived prominence or visibility. Just as these men faithfully served their earthly king, we are called to exercise faithfulness in whatever sphere God has placed us, recognizing that our seemingly small acts of obedience contribute to the larger unfolding of His divine purposes. This passage encourages us to embrace our unique identities and origins, understanding that our diverse backgrounds and gifts are meant to enrich the collective body of believers, fostering unity and strength as we work together for the common good of God's kingdom. It challenges us to look beyond grand narratives and appreciate the quiet, consistent faithfulness that sustains any great endeavor, trusting that God sees and rewards all who serve Him.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why does the Chronicler list so many names, even for individuals without extensive narratives?
Answer: The Chronicler's meticulous listing of names, as seen with Ira and Abiezer, serves several crucial purposes. Firstly, it underscores the theological principle of divine recognition; every individual's contribution to God's plan, no matter how seemingly minor, is seen and valued by Him. Secondly, it provides a comprehensive historical record, validating David's reign by showcasing the broad and diverse support he garnered from across the tribes of Israel. This detailed roster emphasizes the unity and strength of the kingdom under God's chosen king. Lastly, it highlights the importance of community and collective effort, demonstrating that the success of God's work is built upon the faithful service of many individuals, not just a select few. This emphasis on individual identity within a larger collective is a recurring theme in the biblical narrative, from the genealogies in Genesis 5 to the rosters of the early church in Romans 16.
What is the significance of the geographical origins mentioned for these warriors?
Answer: The mention of geographical origins like "Tekoite" and "Antothite" is highly significant. It grounds these individuals in specific historical and cultural contexts, connecting them to particular towns and tribal territories. Tekoa, in Judah, was known for its ruggedness and later for the prophet Amos, while Anathoth, in Benjamin, was a priestly city and the hometown of the prophet Jeremiah. This detail highlights the widespread nature of David's support, drawing loyal warriors from diverse regions and tribes across Israel. It illustrates the theme of national unity under David's leadership, demonstrating how disparate elements from various parts of the land coalesced to form a strong and cohesive kingdom. It also adds a layer of historical authenticity and detail to the Chronicler's account, emphasizing the real, tangible nature of David's support base.
What does the term "mighty men" (gibborim) imply beyond mere physical strength?
Answer: The Hebrew term for "mighty men" is gibborim (גִּבּוֹרִים), which conveys a much richer meaning than just physical prowess. While it certainly includes strength and courage in battle, it also implies valor, effectiveness, and moral fortitude. These were individuals of distinguished character and proven loyalty, not merely mercenaries. They were men who demonstrated unwavering dedication to David and his God-given mission, often performing extraordinary feats of bravery and self-sacrifice. Their "might" encompassed not only their ability to fight but also their steadfastness, wisdom, and commitment to the kingdom's cause, making them indispensable pillars of David's reign. This concept of strength extending beyond the physical is echoed in passages like Ephesians 6:10, where believers are called to be strong in the Lord and in the power of His might.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The meticulous cataloging of David's "mighty men" in 1 Chronicles 11:28 and throughout the chapter, with its emphasis on individual names and diverse origins, finds its ultimate fulfillment and transformation in Christ. David, as the earthly king, gathered valiant men from various tribes and towns to establish and secure his kingdom; yet, his kingdom was but a shadow of the eternal, spiritual kingdom of God. Jesus Christ, the true and greater Son of David, is the ultimate King who gathers His own "mighty men" and women—not primarily through physical prowess or tribal affiliation, but through faith and spiritual rebirth. In Christ, the distinctions of "Tekoite" or "Antothite" fade, for there is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.
Just as the Chronicler valued every individual contributor to David's earthly reign, Christ values every member of His body, the Church. He knows each by name, and every gift and service, no matter how humble or hidden, contributes to the building of His eternal kingdom (1 Corinthians 12:27). The loyalty and devotion shown to David foreshadow the unwavering allegiance required for Christ, the King of kings and Lord of lords (Revelation 19:16). Ultimately, the true "gibborim" are those who are strong in the Lord and in the power of His might (Ephesians 6:10), faithfully serving Him and advancing His gospel to the ends of the earth, united under His perfect, eternal reign.