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H5034

נָבֵל

nâbêl /naw-bale'/ Ask about this word
a primitive root
to wilt; generally, to fall away, fail, faint; figuratively, to be foolish or (morally) wicked; causatively, to despise, disgrace
disgrace, dishounour, lightly esteem, fade (away, -ing), fall (down, -ling, off), do foolishly, come to nought, make vile, wither.
idiom surely

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of nâbêl — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word nâbêl, represented by H5034, describes a state of decay and disgrace. It appears 25 times across 21 unique verses, conveying meanings that range from the literal "to wilt" to the figurative "to be foolish" or "dishonour." This word powerfully connects the physical process of fading and failing with moral and spiritual wickedness.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In scripture, H5034 is used to illustrate both natural and moral decline. It frequently describes the ephemeral nature of plant life, such as a leaf that fades Isaiah 1:30 or a flower that fadeth Isaiah 40:8. On a cosmic scale, it depicts the host of heaven as they fall down like a leaf from a vine Isaiah 34:4. Figuratively, it is used to describe acts of foolish rebellion, as when Jeshurun lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation Deuteronomy 32:15, or when a son dishonoureth his father Micah 7:6. It can also signify the consequence of a heavy burden, as when Jethro warns Moses that he will surely wear away Exodus 18:18.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related Hebrew words help to clarify the meaning of H5034:

  • H3001 yâbêsh: Meaning to dry up or wither, this word is often used in parallel with H5034 to emphasize the frailty of the natural world, as seen in the statement, "The grass withereth H3001, the flower fadeth H5034" Isaiah 40:8.
  • H5307 nâphal: A root meaning to fall, this term is linked to the outcome of H5034. In Job, a falling H5307 mountain is one that "cometh to nought H5034," connecting physical collapse with utter failure Job 14:18.
  • H5006 nâʼats: This word for to scorn or abhor highlights the sense of disgrace associated with H5034. In his plea to God, Jeremiah asks Him not to abhor H5006 His people or disgrace H5034 His glorious throne Jeremiah 14:21.

Theological Significance

The theological significance of H5034 is profound, often used to contrast the fleeting with the eternal.

  • The Enduring Word vs. the Fading World: A central theme is the contrast between the impermanence of creation, where the flower fadeth H5034, and the eternal nature of God's word, which "shall stand for ever" Isaiah 40:8.
  • The Fruit of Righteousness: The state of not fading is a mark of divine blessing. The righteous man is like a tree whose leaf "shall not wither" Psalms 1:3, and the trees nourished by the sanctuary's waters have a leaf that "shall not fade" Ezekiel 47:12.
  • The Consequence of Sin: Turning away from God is depicted as a form of foolishness and decay. Israel's iniquities cause them to fade H5034 like a leaf Isaiah 64:6, and the whole earth fadeth away H5034 under the weight of its haughty people Isaiah 24:4.

Summary

In summary, H5034 is more than just a word for wilting. It serves as a biblical metaphor for physical impermanence, moral foolishness, and spiritual disgrace. From a fading flower to a dishonorable act, nâbêl illustrates the inevitable decay that occurs when something is separated from its life source. It powerfully contrasts the transient nature of a fallen world with the steadfast, life-giving power of God and His eternal promises.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Hebrew Old Testament, this word appears as a verb across 25 occurrences, inflected in 16 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it.

  • יִבּוֹל
  • יִבֹּלוּ
  • נָבֵל
  • נֹבֵל
  • נָבְלָה
  • נָּבֶל
  • יְנַבֵּל
  • נִבַּלְתִּי
  • תְּנַבֵּל
  • מְנַבֵּל
  • תִּבֹּל
  • נָבֹל
  • נְבֹל
  • נֹבֶלֶת
  • נֹבֶלֶת
  • נָבַלְתָּ

Related Words

Related

Other entries the study above points to — each one is drawn from a reference it makes. Follow the trail to see how the words connect.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 21 verses across 11 of the 39 books. Most frequent in Isaiah (8 verses); never once in the other 28.

1
Exodus
1
Deuteronomy
1
2 Samuel
1
Job
3
Psalms
1
Proverbs
8
Isaiah
2
Jeremiah
1
Ezekiel
1
Micah
1
Nahum

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.